Nutritional and hormonal regulation of the translatable levels of malic enzyme and albumin mRNAs in avian liver cells in vivo and in culture

Relative synthesis of malic enzyme is stimulated 25-to 100-fold by feeding neonatal ducklings or by incubating embryonic chick hepatocytes in culture with triiodothyronine. Synthesis of the enzyme is almost completely blocked when fed birds are starved or when triiodothyronine-treated hepatocytes in culture are also treated with glucagon. Cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from livers of intact ducklings or hepatocytes in culture treated as described above and translated in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The identity of malic enzyme synthesized in the cell-free system was confirmed by virtue of its antigenicity, subunit molecular weight, and proteolytic peptide pattern. Translatable levels of malic enzyme mRNA paralleled changes in relative synthesis of malic enzyme in vivo and in hepatocytes in culture. Translatable levels od albumin mRNA were either unaffected or changed in a direction opposite to that of malic enzyme mRNA. Thus, both nutritional and hormonal regulation of malic enzyme synthesis involves regulation of cytoplasmic translatable malic enzyme mRNA levels. The hepatocyte culture system is ideally suited for future studies on the regulation of malic enzyme mRNA synthesis and/or degradation by thyroid hormone and glucagon.     

Physiology of circulation in the architecture of Anura.

A functional relationship exists between the size of erythrocyte and size of capillary passage at metamorphosis. The shift in red cell a/b (major/minor axis) ratio in relation to the changes in cross-sectional capillary area is signficant. These changes have been worked out in thyroxine induced Rana cyanophlyctis tadpoles in comparison with untreated controls. The physiological aspects of phylogenetic origin in relation to ontogenesis of lymphatic sinuses are summed up. A further correlation between the narrowing of capillaries and the sprouting and spreading of lymph sinuses is postulated.     

Selective changes in methionine tRNA species during development of the posterior silkglands of Bombyx mori.

Transfer RNA with methionine acceptor activity isolated from two distinct physiological stages of the developing posterior silkgland of the silkworm, $\text{Bombyx mori}$, was examined. The tRNA from both stages could be fractionated on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose colum into two iso-accepting species, tRNA₁^Met and tRNA₂^Met. The molar quantity per gland of tRNA₁^Met species, which was also formylatable with the $\text{E. coli}$ enzymes, increased twelve-fold as the gland differentiates to produce a large amount of a single protein, silk-fibroin. Since methionine is not a part of silk-fibroin, the preferential increase in tRNA₁^Met content would reflect the increased biological activity and the rapid rate of protein synthesis during the terminal differentiation of posterior silkgland.     

Promising applications of cold plasma for microbial safety,chemical decontamination and quality enhancement in fruits

Consumers’ demand is increasing for safe foods without impairing the phytochemical and sensory quality. In turn, it has increased research interest in the exploration of innovative food processing technologies. Cold plasma technology is getting popularity now days owing to its high efficacy in decontamination of microbes in fruit and fruit-based products. As a on-thermal approach, plasma processing maintains the quality of fruits and minimizes the thermal effects on nutritional properties. Cold plasma is also exploited for inactivating enzymes and degrading pesticides as both are directly related with quality loss and presently are most important concerns in fresh produce industry. The present review covers the influence of cold plasma technology on reducing microbial risks and enhancing the quality attributes in fruits.     

Neuroprotective Effects of Withania somnifera on 4-Hydroxynonenal Induced Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Through ROS Inhibition and Apoptotic Mitochondrial Pathway

Neurochemical Research - The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of Withania somnifera (WS) are known for a long time. This study was aimed to examine whether WS also...     

Nitric Oxide Mitigates the Salt-Induced Oxidative Damage in Mustard by UpRegulating the Activity of Various Enzymes

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - The salt stress limits the production of mustard throughout the world and it is one of the major abiotic stresses. Crop productivity is declining due to the...     

Nitric Oxide-Mediated Enhancement in Photosynthetic Efficiency,Ion Uptake and Carbohydrate Metabolism that Boosts Overall Photosynthetic Machinery in Mustard Plants

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a gaseous diffusible plant growth regulator. It plays an important role in growth and development of plants. Therefore, in present...     

Foliar Concentrations of Selected Elements,Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers and Role of Antioxidant Defense System is Associated with Fly Ash Stress Tolerance in Withania somnifera

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Increased dependence on thermal power has resulted in a significant increase in the generation of fly ash (FA), which exacerbates environmental...