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11.
The oviposition behavior of single females of Drosophila melanogasterwas studied in population cages over 24 h. Each female shows a different behavior, but they can be arbitrarily separated into those which concentrate their egg laying in only one tube and those which spread it over more than two tubes. A comparison is made between females extracted from the Valdivian population and flies from lines selected for high and low aggregation. When one-tube females were grouped and compared with more-than-one-tube females, the aggregation indices between these groups were significantly different. 相似文献
12.
José L. Caballero Eduardo Martinez Francisco Malpartida David A. Hopwood 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1991,230(3):401-412
Summary Sequence analysis of the actVA region of the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces coelicolor revealed a succession of six open reading frames (ORFs), all running in the same direction and extending over 5.32 kb. The protein product of actVA-ORF1 strongly resembles that of another gene, elsewhere in the act cluster (actII-ORF2), which codes for a trans-membrane protein previously implicated in actinorhodin export from the mycelium. This suggests that the two gene products may co-operate in actinorhodin export, perhaps being sufficient for self-protection of the organism against suicide. At least four of the other five ORFs are implicated in the control of the C-6 and C-8 ring-hydroxylation reactions, lacking in actVA mutants, that occur at middle to late stages in the actinorhodin biosynthetic pathway. This conclusion was reached by genetic mapping of actVA mutants to actVA-ORF3 and-ORF5 (and perhaps -ORF4), and by the finding of strong resemblances between the protein products of actVA-ORF2 and -ORF6 and the products of genes of the oxytetracycline or tetracenomycin gene clusters that have been implicated in ring-hydroxylation reactions in the biosynthesis of these other aromatic polyketide antibiotics. 相似文献
13.
S. L. Eduardo 《Systematic parasitology》1986,8(1):57-69
Summary Only Stephanopharynx compactus Fischoeder, 1901 is considered valid under the genus Stephanopharynx Fischoeder, 1901 and S. secundus Stunkard, 1929 and S. coilos Dollfus, 1963 are regarded as its synonyms. The species is redescribed and illustrated based on new material and scanning
electron photomicrographs of its tegumental surfaces and the internal surface of its pharyngeal pouch are provided.
Balanorchis anastrophus Fischoeder, 1901, the one and only species of the genus Balanorchis Fischoeder, 1901 is redescribed and illustrated. Photomicrographs of its tegumental surfaces as revealed by scanning electron
microscopy are given.
Additional information on Bilatorchis papillogenitalis Eduardo, 1980 is included.
Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree.
Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree. 相似文献
14.
Jorge H. Medina María Laura Novas† Eduardo De Robertis† 《Journal of neurochemistry》1983,41(3):703-709
Abstract: This study was designed to analyze possible differences in the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam ([3H]FNZP) and [3H]ethyl - β - carboline - 3 - carboxylate ([3H]β-CCE), to rat brain membranes, in various experimental conditions. In cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and orain stem the number of binding sites for [3H]β-CCE was higher than for [3H]FNZP; both were displaced by clonazepam. Until the 7th day of postnatal brain development the numbers of [3H]FNZP and [3H]β-CCE sites were equivalent; but later on, the β-carboline sites increased to a higher level. Noradrenergic denervation by 6-hydroxydopamine was followed in the hippocampal formation. Already after 2 days, there was a decrease in [3H]FNZP sites, which reached 70% of control after 14 days. Similar results were obtained with DSP-4 denervation. This change was only in Bmax and not in KD, In contrast, the [3H]β-CCE sites did not change with denervation. Neonatal injection of l - 2,4,5 - trihydroxyphenylalamine or DSP-4 produced in the adult a decrease in [3H]FNZP sites in the cerebral cortex, in parallel with the noradrenergic denervation. On the other hand, there was an increase in the cerebellum and brain stem, in correspondence with the hyperinnervation by sprouting. In these rats, the number of sites for [3H]β-CCE did not change in the different brain regions. With 0.1% Triton X-100, applied to synaptosomal membranes, [3H]FNZP binding was reduced by 35%, while that of [3H]β-CCE was not significantly changed. These results suggest that there is heterogeneity of binding sites for benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain. A tentative interpretation of the experiments involving noradrenergic denervation and hyperinnervation, as well as those with Triton X-100, is that [3H]FNZP binds to pre- and postsynaptic receptors, while [3H]β-CCE binds mainly to postsynaptic benzodiazepine receptors. 相似文献
15.
S. L. Eduardo 《Systematic parasitology》1983,5(1):25-79
Summary The genus Calicophoron N?smark, 1937 is redefined. Only the following species originally assigned by N?smark to the genus are considered valid:
C. calicophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) N?smark, 1937 (type species); C. papillosum (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910) N?smark, 1937; and C. raja N?smark, 1937.
The following species previously assigned to the genus Paramphistomum Fischoeder, 1901 are considered valid but moved to the genus Calicophoron N?smark, 1937 in new combinations: C. bothriophoron (Braun, 1892); C. microbothrium (Fischoeder, 1901); C. papilligerum (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910); C. clavula (N?smark, 1937); C. microbothrioides (Price & McIntosh, 1944); C. sukari (Dinnik, 1954); C. phillerouxi (Dinnik, 1961); C. daubneyi (Dinnik, 1962) and C. sukumum (Dinnik, 1964).
The genus Bothriophoron (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910) Grétillat 1958 is synoymized with Calicophoron N?smark, 1937. Paramphistomum crassum Stiles & Goldberger, 1910, P. cauliorchis Stiles & Goldberger, 1910, P. ijimai Fukui, 1922, P. (Cauliorchis) skrjabini Popova, 1937, P. erschovi Davydova, 1959, Calicophoron orientalis Mukherjee, 1966, C. wuchengense Wang, 1979 and Cotylophoron skrjabini Mitskevich, 1958 in part are considered synonyms of Calicophoron calicophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) N?smark, 1937. C. zhejiangense Wang, 1979 is regarded a synonym of C. papillosum (Stiles & Goldberger, 1910) N?smark, 1937. P. vangrembergeni Van Strydonck, 1970 and P. togolense Albaret, Bayssade-Dufour, Guilhon, Kulo & Picot, 1978 are considered synonyms of Calicophoron phillerouxi (Dinnik, 1961) n. comb. and Ceylonocotyle petrovi Davydova, 1961 is synonymized with Calicophoron microbothrioides (Price & McIntosh, 1944) n. comb.
The species considered valid under the genus are redescribed and illustrated and scanning electron photomicrographs of the
tegumental surfaces of some species are provided. A key to the species is given.
Part of a thesis approved by the University of London for the award of the Ph.D. degree. 相似文献
16.
This paper refers to a case of polymorphism in the desmid genus Xanthidium Ehr. It is based on material from Lake Dais Irmaios, the main body of water in the Zoological and Botanical Garden in Recife, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, collected at 4 different times of the year during 1967 and 1968. A detailed examination of almost 1300 specimens showed an enormous variety in form of Xanthidium regulare Nordst., X. fragile Borge, and X. pseudoregulare Borge, thus allowing the authors to draw the following conclusions: (1) the name X. regulare Nordst. should be retained until further and more detailed studies on form variation within the species are available; (2) the names X. regulare Nordst. var. asteptum Nordst. in Borge, X. regulare Nordst. var. sexangulare Grönbl., X. regulare Nordst. var. sexangulare Grönbl. f. robustior Grönbl., X. fragile Borge, X. fragile Borge forma, and X. fragile Borge var. depauperatum Borge should be considered synonymous, all referring to a single variety of X. regulare Nordst., var. asteptum Nordst. in Borge emend. C. Bic. & L. M. Carv.; (3) X. pseudoregulare Borge must be treated as a variety of X. regulare Nordst. and must be called X. regulare Nordst. var. pseudoregulare (Barge) C. Bic. & L. M. Carv. Finally, a key is given to the 3 varieties of X. regulare Nordst. proposed in the present paper. 相似文献
17.
Summary In the toad Bufo arenarum
Hensel the following regions of the hypothalamic — neurohypophyseal system were studied under the electronmicroscope: preoptic and paraventricular nuclei, median eminence and infundibular process of the neurohypophysis.Neuronal perikarya of the preoptic nucleus are loaded with typical neurosecretory granules of peptidergic nature having a mean diameter of 1660 Å. While most neurons of the winter toad are in a storage stage a few show signs of a more active synthetic activity. A distinctive feature of preoptic neurons is the presence of large lipid droplets. The paraventricular nucleus contains small neurons containing granulated vesicles with a mean diameter of 800-1000 Å. In the region extending between these two nuclei and the median eminence axons containing either neurosecretory elementary granules or granulated vesicles are observed.The inner zone of the median eminence is occupied by axons of the preoptic neurohypophyseal tract; two types of axons, according to the size and density of the neurosecretory granules, may be recognized. The outer zone of the median eminence contains mainly axons and nerve terminals containing granulated vesicles of probable monoaminergic nature and only a few with granules of peptidergic type.The neurohypophysis contains two kinds of axons: one with more dense granules of 1800 Å and the other with granules of lesser electron density and 2100 Å. At the ending proper small clear vesicles of synaptic type are found.A progressive increase in volume of the peptidergic granules along the axon is demonstrated. This is of the order of 218% from the preoptic perikarya down to the infundibular process. The physiological significance of the two neurosecretory systems — i.e. the monoaminergic and the peptidergic — and the probable nature of the two types of peptidergic axons is discussed.Supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF-AFOSR 963-67).The authors want to express their gratitude to Mrs. Defilippi-Novoa and Mr. Alberto Sáenz for their skillful assistance. 相似文献
18.
Hormonal changes associated with fruit set and development in mandarins differing in their parthenocarpic ability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Satsuma [Citrus unshiu (Mak) Marc.] and Clementine [Citrus reticulata (Hort.) Ex. Tanaka, cv. Oroval] are two related species of seedless mandarins which differ in their tendency to set parthenocarpic fruits. Satsuma fruits naturally set parthenocarpically whereas Clementine mandarins show very low ability to set fruit in the absence of cross-pollination. The endogenous levels of gibberellins (GAs) and free and conjugated indole-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) throughout early stages of fruit development were investigated in seedless cultivars of both species. Analyses performed by full-scan combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of extracts from ovaries at anthesis demonstrated the presence of GA19, GA20, GA29, GA1, GA8, GA3 and iso-GA3 in Satsuma mandarin, whereas only GA29, GA3 and trace levels of GA8 were detected in Clementine. At this developmental stage GA-like substances, as estimated by bioassay, reached their highest levels in Satsuma, while Clementine mandarins contained relatively lower levels. In both species the highest levels of free IAA were found at petal-fall stage at which time free ABA levels also peaked. Developing fruits of Clementine had higher amounts of both free IAA and ABA. In Satsuma, levels of conjugated IAA remained low throughout reproductive development whereas in Clementine they increased as the free form declined. In contrast, conjugated ABA was at low levels in Clementine but reached higher concentrations in Satsuma. These results suggest that in these mandarins the potential for setting parthenocarpic fruits is mainly influenced by the hormonal status of the fruit during the later stages of cell division and early stages of cell enlargement. Thus, the condition of low ability to set parthenocarpic fruits appears to be associated with lower levels of active GAs, lower capability to catabolize ABA to conjugated ABA and higher ability to conjugate IAA during this period. 相似文献
19.
20.
A method has been developed for the study of somatostatin (SS) binding to dissociated cells from rat cerebral cortex. Binding of [125I][Tyr11]SS to cells obtained by mechanical dissociation of rat cerebral cortex was dependent on time and temperature, saturable, reversible and highly specific. Under conditions of equilibrium, i.e., 60 min at 25°C, native SS inhibited tracer binding in a dose-dependent manner. The Scatchard analysis of binding data was linear and yielded a dissociation constant of 0.60±0.08 nM with a maximal binding capacity of 160±16 fmol/mg protein. The binding of [125I][Tyr11]SS was specific as shown in experiments on tracer displacement by the native peptide, SS analogues, and unrelated peptides. 相似文献