全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12188篇 |
免费 | 766篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
12959篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 110篇 |
2022年 | 113篇 |
2021年 | 202篇 |
2020年 | 213篇 |
2019年 | 215篇 |
2018年 | 425篇 |
2017年 | 395篇 |
2016年 | 515篇 |
2015年 | 768篇 |
2014年 | 762篇 |
2013年 | 924篇 |
2012年 | 1103篇 |
2011年 | 948篇 |
2010年 | 617篇 |
2009年 | 417篇 |
2008年 | 734篇 |
2007年 | 647篇 |
2006年 | 595篇 |
2005年 | 522篇 |
2004年 | 450篇 |
2003年 | 414篇 |
2002年 | 381篇 |
2001年 | 161篇 |
2000年 | 157篇 |
1999年 | 108篇 |
1998年 | 75篇 |
1997年 | 43篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 62篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 43篇 |
1992年 | 73篇 |
1991年 | 62篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 42篇 |
1986年 | 32篇 |
1985年 | 50篇 |
1984年 | 40篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Francisco Guillén Angel T. Martinez Maria Jesús Martínez 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1990,32(4):465-469
Summary Production of extracellular hydrogen peroxide by fungal oxidases is been investigated as a requirement for lignin degradation. Aryl-alcohol oxidase activity is described in extracellular liquid and mycelium ofPleurotus eryngii and studied under non-limiting nitrogen conditions. This aryl-alcohol oxidase catalyses conversion of primary aromatic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and H2O2, showing no activity with aliphatic and secondary aromatic alcohols. The enzyme is stable at pH 4.0–9.0, has maximal activity at 45°–50°C and pH 6.0–6.5, is inhibited by Ag+, Pb2+ and NaN3, and has aK
m
of 1.2 mM using veratryl alcohol as substrate. A single protein band with aryl-alcohol oxidase activity was found in zymograms of extracellular and intracellular crude enzyme preparations fromP. eryngii. 相似文献
52.
Palmaria decipiens, one of the most abundant red seaweeds of the chilean Antarctic, was collected in King George Island. The hot water extract (26% yield) showed by acid hydrolysis to contain xylose, galactose and traces of glucose. Fractionation with cetrimide gave a soluble neutral xylan and an insoluble fraction. The insoluble fraction afforded an acidic polysaccharide that contained 4.8% of uronic acids, 2.8% of sulfate and 18.9% of protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that it was homogeneous. The GLC and HPLC analysis of the total acidic hydrolysis products showed that the acidic polysaccharide was composed of the neutral sugars galactose and xylose in the molar ratio 8.2:1.0 and of galacturonic and glucuronic acid in the ratio 1.5:1.0. The second-derivative FT-IR spectrum showed the characteristic amide I, II and III bands of proteins. Alkaline cleavage with 0.1 M NaOH indicated the presence of a glycoprotein with O-glycosidic linkage.Results found in this work suggest that the acidic polysaccharide extracted from Palmaria decipiens is an acidic xylogalactan-protein complex. 相似文献
53.
The size relationship between the crown area of the lower canines (Cs), third (P3s) and fourth premolars (P4s), and first
molars (M1s) in hominids is examined by means of the regression analysis. The lower P3 seem to be under the influence of those
factors that control both the size of the anterior and posterior teeth, and the P4:P3 size ratio is related to the relative
size of the anterior and posterior dentitions. So, the P4>P3 sequence is associated with the megadontia and hipermegadontia
of the posterior teeth, whereas the expansion of the anterior teeth produces the P3>P4 sequence. We consider the P4:P3 size
ratio as an excellent indicator of the taxonomic and philogenetic status of fossil hominids. 相似文献
54.
Jesús Arellano Filiberto Vázquez Thelma Villegas Georgina Hernández 《Plant cell reports》1996,15(7):455-458
Summary The sesquiterpene quinone currently known as perezone is abundantly produced by the roots of Perezia cuernavacana. This compound is of biotechnological interest since it may be used as a pigment and has several pharmacological properties. In this work we demonstrate that perezone is also produced in transformed root cultures of P. cuernavacana. Hairy roots were induced by inoculation of internodal segments of sterile plants of P. cuernavacana with Agrobacterium rhizogenes AR12 strain. The axenic liquid MS medium cultures of the hairy roots isolated from the internodes showed active growth in the absence of growth regulators. The transformed nature of the tissue was confirmed by genomic integration (PCR and slot blot hybridization) and expression (enzyme activity) of the marker gus-gene. The production of perezone by a transformed root culture was evidenced by IR spectroscopy. Our results offer an alternative for enhanced production of perezone and represent an advantage over its extraction from natural plant populations which present problems in their agronomic culture. 相似文献
55.
Jose-Emilio Mesonero María-Carmen Rodríguez Yoldi María-Jesús Rodríguez Yoldi 《Biological trace element research》1996,51(2):149-159
The element Cd is considered to have no biological function and is highly toxic to humans and animals. Toxic effects of this
metal upon cell membrane structure and function have been shown. On the other hand, Ca is an essential element in a wide variety
of cellular activities. The present study was initiated to research whether the interaction between Ca and Cd could affect
D-galactose absorption across the rabbit jejunum in vitro. In media with Ca2+, when CdCl2 was present at 0.5 or 1 mM, Cd was found to significantly reduce the sugar absorption. In Ca2+-free media, where CaCl2, was omitted and replaced isotonically with choline chloride, the sugar transport was not modified by Cd, but when CaCl2 was replaced isotonically with MgCl2, the inhibition is observed. Verapamil at 10−6
M (blocking mainly Ca2+ transport) did not modify the inhibitory effect of cadmium on D-galactose transport. When 10−6
M of A 23187 (Ca2+ specific ionophore) was added in media with/without Ca2+; CdCl2 produced no change in D-galactose transport. These results suggest that Ca and Cd could have affinity for the same chemical
groups of enterocyte membrane, which would be related with the intestinal absorption of D-galactose. 相似文献
56.
57.
Summary During the growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus ATCC 10022 on lactose, peaks of glucose, but not -galactosidase activity, were detected iroculture medium. Harvested and washed whole cells produced glucose and galactose from lactose, or ortho-nitro-phenol from the chromogenic substrate ortho-nitro-phenyl--D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), indicating that -galactosidase is physically associated with cells. ONPG hydrolysis by whole cells presented a monophasic kinetics (Km 36.6 mM) in lactose exponential growth phase cells, but a biphasic kinetics (Km 0.2 and 36.6 mM) in stationary growth phase cells. Permeabilization with digitonin or disruption of cells from both growth phases led to monosite ONPG hydrolysis (Km 2.2 to 2.5 mM), indicating that =galactosidase is not located in the periplasm. In addition, the energy inhibitors fluoride or arsenate, as well as the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) prevented ONPG hydrolysis by whole cells. These findings indicate that energy coupled transmembrane transport is the rate-limiting step for intracellular ONPG cleavage. The taxonomic and physiologic implications of the exclusive intracellular location of -galactosidase of K. marxianus var. marxianus ATCC 10022 are discussed. 相似文献
58.
P. J. Cáceres C. A. Faúndez B. Matsuhiro J. A. Vasquez 《Journal of applied phycology》1996,8(6):523-527
The second-derivative mode of the Fourier transform I.R. spectra of dried algal material has been applied to distinguish the carrageenans-producingStenogramme interrupta from the isomorphous speciesRhodymenia howeana. Spectra of the tetrasporophyteS. interrupta showed bands assigned to a -carrageenan type polysaccharide, while the gametophytic and cystocarpic plants showed the characteristic absorptions of -and -carrageenans. Results were confirmed by hot water extraction of samples of the three nuclear phases ofS. interrupta and characterization of the extracts by chemical analysis.Author for correspondence 相似文献
59.
Hepatogenous photosensitization in sheep is an important problem in various parts of the world. Most photosensitization diseases are associated with ingestion of plant or fungal toxins. The lily, Narthecium ossifragum, has long been associated with photosensitization in lambs in western Norway (Ender 1955, Flåøyen 1993) and in the northern regions of the British Isles (Ford 1964). 相似文献
60.
A new species of Boeckella from limnetic samples of Laguna del Diamante, a high lake in the Andes (34°10 S) is described and illustrated. The species is defined by the characters of the male fifth leg: the right two segmented endopod bears four peculiar, short, claw-like spines, the left endopod is a simple finger-like projection. This species is related to B. gibbosa, also a species from the Andes and B. vallentini from Malvinas (Falkland Islands) and other subantarctic islands. It is distinguished from them by diagnostic features of the fifth legs of the male and abdominal structure and fifth legs of the female. Some current views on the features used in the taxonomy of the genus Boeckella are discussed. 相似文献