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排序方式: 共有532条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
401.
Camille Stavrakas Szymon J. Zelewski Kyle Frohna Edward P. Booker Krzysztof Galkowski Kangyu Ji Edoardo Ruggeri Sebastian Mackowski Robert Kudrawiec Paulina Plochocka Samuel D. Stranks 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(35)
Grain size in polycrystalline halide perovskite films is known to have an impact on the optoelectronic properties of the films, but its influence on their soft structural properties and phase transitions is unclear. Here, temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction, absorption, and macro‐ and micro‐photoluminescence measurements are used to investigate the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition in thin methylammonium lead iodide films with grain sizes ranging from the micrometer scale down to the tens of nanometer scale. It is shown that the phase transition nominally at ≈150 K is increasingly suppressed with decreasing grain size and, in the smallest grains, the first evidence of a phase transition is only seen at temperatures as low as ≈80 K. With decreasing grain size, an increasing magnitude of the hysteresis is also seen in the structural and optoelectronic properties when cooling to, and then upon heating from, 100 K. This work reveals the remarkable sensitivity of the optoelectronic, physical, and phase properties to the local environment of the perovskite structure, which will have large ramifications for phase and defect engineering in operating devices. 相似文献
402.
Toshi A. Furukawa Kiyomi Shinohara Ethan Sahker Eirini Karyotaki Clara Miguel Marketa Ciharova Claudi L.H. Bockting Josefien
J.F. Breedvelt Aran Tajika Hissei Imai Edoardo G. Ostinelli Masatsugu Sakata Rie Toyomoto Sanae Kishimoto Masami Ito Yuki Furukawa Andrea Cipriani Steven D. Hollon Pim Cuijpers 《World psychiatry》2021,20(3):387
Major depression is often a relapsing disorder. It is therefore important to start its treatment with therapies that maximize the chance of not only getting the patients well but also keeping them well. We examined the associations between initial treatments and sustained response by conducting a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which adult patients with major depression were randomized to acute treatment with a psychotherapy (PSY), a protocolized antidepressant pharmacotherapy (PHA), their combination (COM), standard treatment in primary or secondary care (STD), or pill placebo, and were then followed up through a maintenance phase. By design, acute phase treatment could be continued into the maintenance phase, switched to another treatment or followed by discretionary treatment. We included 81 RCTs, with 13,722 participants. Sustained response was defined as responding to the acute treatment and subsequently having no depressive relapse through the maintenance phase (mean duration: 42.2±16.2 weeks, range 24‐104 weeks). We extracted the data reported at the time point closest to 12 months. COM resulted in more sustained response than PHA, both when these treatments were continued into the maintenance phase (OR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.66‐3.85) and when they were followed by discretionary treatment (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.21‐2.67). The same applied to COM in comparison with STD (OR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.68‐5.01 when COM was continued into the maintenance phase; OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.51‐2.58 when COM was followed by discretionary treatment). PSY also kept the patients well more often than PHA, both when these treatments were continued into the maintenance phase (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.00‐2.35) and when they were followed by discretionary treatment (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.13‐2.44). The same applied to PSY compared with STD (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 0.97‐3.21 when PSY was continued into the maintenance phase; OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.20‐2.78 when PSY was followed by discretionary treatment). Given the average sustained response rate of 29% on STD, the advantages of PSY or COM over PHA or STD translated into risk differences ranging from 12 to 16 percentage points. We conclude that PSY and COM have more enduring effects than PHA. Clinical guidelines on the initial treatment choice for depression may need to be updated accordingly. 相似文献
403.
Influence of physiological phenology on the seasonal pattern of ecosystem respiration in deciduous forests
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Mirco Migliavacca Markus Reichstein Andrew D. Richardson Miguel D. Mahecha Edoardo Cremonese Nicolas Delpierre Marta Galvagno Beverly E. Law Georg Wohlfahrt T. Andrew Black Nuno Carvalhais Guido Ceccherini Jiquan Chen Nadine Gobron Ernest Koffi J. William Munger Oscar Perez‐Priego Monica Robustelli Enrico Tomelleri Alessandro Cescatti 《Global Change Biology》2015,21(1):363-376
Understanding the environmental and biotic drivers of respiration at the ecosystem level is a prerequisite to further improve scenarios of the global carbon cycle. In this study we investigated the relevance of physiological phenology, defined as seasonal changes in plant physiological properties, for explaining the temporal dynamics of ecosystem respiration (RECO) in deciduous forests. Previous studies showed that empirical RECO models can be substantially improved by considering the biotic dependency of RECO on the short‐term productivity (e.g., daily gross primary production, GPP) in addition to the well‐known environmental controls of temperature and water availability. Here, we use a model‐data integration approach to investigate the added value of physiological phenology, represented by the first temporal derivative of GPP, or alternatively of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, for modeling RECO at 19 deciduous broadleaved forests in the FLUXNET La Thuile database. The new data‐oriented semiempirical model leads to an 8% decrease in root mean square error (RMSE) and a 6% increase in the modeling efficiency (EF) of modeled RECO when compared to a version of the model that does not consider the physiological phenology. The reduction of the model‐observation bias occurred mainly at the monthly time scale, and in spring and summer, while a smaller reduction was observed at the annual time scale. The proposed approach did not improve the model performance at several sites, and we identified as potential causes the plant canopy heterogeneity and the use of air temperature as a driver of ecosystem respiration instead of soil temperature. However, in the majority of sites the model‐error remained unchanged regardless of the driving temperature. Overall, our results point toward the potential for improving current approaches for modeling RECO in deciduous forests by including the phenological cycle of the canopy. 相似文献
404.
Denise Drago Chiara Cossetti Nunzio Iraci Edoardo Gaude Giovanna Musco Angela Bachi Stefano Pluchino 《Biochimie》2013
Compelling evidence exists that non-haematopoietic stem cells, including mesenchymal (MSCs) and neural/progenitor stem cells (NPCs), exert a substantial beneficial and therapeutic effect after transplantation in experimental central nervous system (CNS) disease models through the secretion of immune modulatory or neurotrophic paracrine factors. 相似文献
405.
406.
Elisabeth A. Marnik Miguel V. Almeida P. Giselle Cipriani George Chung Edoardo Caspani Emil Karaulanov Hin Hark Gan John Zinno Ida J. Isolehto Fridolin Kielisch Falk Butter Catherine S. Sharp Roisin M. Flanagan Frederic X. Bonnet Fabio Piano Ren F. Ketting Kristin C. Gunsalus Dustin L. Updike 《PLoS genetics》2022,18(6)
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