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排序方式: 共有533条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Edna Grünblatt Camelia Maria Monoranu† Manuela Apfelbacher† Daniela Keller Tanja M. Michel‡ Irina Alafuzoff§§§§ Isidro Ferrer¶ Safa Al-Saraj Kathy Keyvani†† rea Schmitt‡‡ Peter Falkai‡‡ Jens Schittenhelm§§ Catriona McLean¶¶ Glenda M. Halliday††† Clive Harper‡‡‡ Jürgen Deckert Wolfgang Roggendorf† Peter Riederer 《Journal of neurochemistry》2009,110(5):1400-1408
Postmortem human brain tissue is widely used in neuroscience research, but use of tissue originating from different brain bank centers is considered inaccurate because of possible heterogeneity in sample quality. There is thus a need for well-characterized markers to assess the quality of postmortem brain tissue. Toward this aim, we determined tryptophan (TRP) concentrations, phosphofructokinase-1 and glutamate decarboxylase activities in 119 brain tissue samples. These neurochemical parameters were tested in samples from autopsied individuals, including control and pathological cases provided by 10 different brain bank centers. Parameters were assessed for correlation with agonal state, postmortem interval, age and gender, brain region, preservation and freezing methods, storage conditions and storage time, RNA integrity, and tissue pH value. TRP concentrations were elevated significantly ( p = 0.045) with increased postmortem interval; which might indicate increased protein degradation. Therefore, TRP concentration might be one useful and convenient marker for estimating the quality of human postmortem brain tissue. 相似文献
102.
Two flavo-diiron proteins (FDPs), FprA1 and FprA2, are up-regulated when the strictly anaerobic solvent producer, Clostridium acetobutylicum, is exposed to dioxygen. These two FDPs were purified following heterologous overexpression in Escherichia coli as N-terminal Strep-tag fusion proteins. The recombinant FprA1 and FprA2 were found to be homodimeric and homotetrameric, respectively, and both FDPs functioned as terminal components of NADH oxidases (NADH:O2 oxidoreductases) when using C. acetobutylicum NADH:rubredoxin oxidoreductase (NROR) and rubredoxin (Rd) as electron transport intermediaries. Both FDPs catalyzed the four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water with similar specific activities. The results are consistent with these FDPs functioning as efficient scavengers of intracellular dioxygen under aerobic or microoxic growth conditions. 相似文献
103.
104.
Vaccine-induced cellular immune responses reduce plasma viral concentrations after repeated low-dose challenge with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239
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Wilson NA Reed J Napoe GS Piaskowski S Szymanski A Furlott J Gonzalez EJ Yant LJ Maness NJ May GE Soma T Reynolds MR Rakasz E Rudersdorf R McDermott AB O'Connor DH Friedrich TC Allison DB Patki A Picker LJ Burton DR Lin J Huang L Patel D Heindecker G Fan J Citron M Horton M Wang F Liang X Shiver JW Casimiro DR Watkins DI 《Journal of virology》2006,80(12):5875-5885
The goal of an AIDS vaccine regimen designed to induce cellular immune responses should be to reduce the viral set point and preserve memory CD4 lymphocytes. Here we investigated whether vaccine-induced cellular immunity in the absence of any Env-specific antibodies can control viral replication following multiple low-dose challenges with the highly pathogenic SIVmac239 isolate. Eight Mamu-A*01-positive Indian rhesus macaques were vaccinated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag, tat, rev, and nef using a DNA prime-adenovirus boost strategy. Peak viremia (P = 0.007) and the chronic phase set point (P = 0.0192) were significantly decreased in the vaccinated cohort, out to 1 year postinfection. Loss of CD4(+) memory populations was also ameliorated in vaccinated animals. Interestingly, only one of the eight vaccinees developed Env-specific neutralizing antibodies after infection. The control observed was significantly improved over that observed in animals vaccinated with SIV gag only. Vaccine-induced cellular immune responses can, therefore, exert a measure of control over replication of the AIDS virus in the complete absence of neutralizing antibody and give us hope that a vaccine designed to induce cellular immune responses might control viral replication. 相似文献
105.
Kárita Cláudia Freitas-Lidani Iara J de Messias-Reason Edna Aoba Y Ishikawa 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(4):442-447
The aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by Leishmania
(Leishmania) infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis captured
in Barcarena, state of Pará, Brazil, through the use of three primer sets. With this
approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. DNA of
280 Lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the
whole insects. PCR primers for kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA), the mini-exon gene
and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene of Leishmania
were used, generating fragments of 400 bp, 780 bp and 603 bp, respectively.
Infection by the parasite was found with the kDNA primer in 8.6% of the cases, with
the mini-exon gene primer in 7.1% of the cases and with the SSU-rRNA gene primer in
5.3% of the cases. These data show the importance of polymerase chain reaction as a
tool for investigating the molecular epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis by
estimating the risk of disease transmission in endemic areas, with the kDNA primer
representing the most reliable marker for the parasite. 相似文献
106.
Comparison of the N-terminus of the heat shock protein Hsp21 of Clostridium acetobutylicum with proteins predicted to be encoded by the genome of this bacterium revealed that this stress protein is encoded by two almost identical open reading frames CAC3597 and CAC3598. These genes encode a rubrerythrin-like protein with the rubredoxin-like FeS4 domain at the N-terminus and the ferritin-like diiron domain (rubrerythrin domain) at the C-terminus. Thus, the order of the two putative functional domains is reversed compared to "normal" rubrerythrins. This protein is proposed to be involved in the oxidative stress response of strict anaerobic bacteria. Northern blot analysis indicated that hsp21 is induced by heat and oxidative stress (air, H2O2). Hsp21 of C. acetobutylicum can be considered as a "reverse" rubrerythrin and a role of this stress protein, which is conserved among clostridia and other strict anaerobic bacteria, in the heat and oxidative stress response is proposed. 相似文献
107.
Kerstin K. Zander Desleigh R. Dunnett Christine Brown Otto Campion Cherry Daniels Grace Daniels Edna Nelson Geraldine Daniels Godfrey Blitner Dean Carson Stephen T. Garnett 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2014,42(3):443-453
Many programmes formally engage Australian Indigenous people in land and sea management to provide environmental services. There are also many Indigenous people who ‘look after country’ without rewards or payment because of cultural obligations. We investigated how Indigenous peoples’ mobility in and around two communities (Maningrida and Ngukurr) is affected by their formal or informal engagement in cultural and natural resource management (CNRM). Understanding factors that influence peoples’ mobility is important if essential services are to be provided to communities efficiently. We found that those providing formal CNRM were significantly less likely to stay away from settlements than those ‘looking after their country’ without payment or reward. Paying Indigenous people to engage with markets for CNRM through carbon farming or payments for environmental services (PES) schemes may alter traditional activities and reduce mobility, particularly movements away from communities that extend the time spent overnight on country. This could have both environmental and social consequences that could be managed through greater opportunities for people to engage in formal CNRM while living away from communities and greater recognition of the centrality of culture to all Indigenous CNRM, formal or otherwise. 相似文献
108.
109.
Michael S Hershfield Nancy J Ganson Susan J Kelly Edna L Scarlett Denise A Jaggers John S Sundy 《Arthritis research & therapy》2014,16(2):R63
Introduction
Pegloticase, a PEGylated recombinant porcine uricase, is approved for treating refractory gout at a dose of 8 mg intravenous (IV) every 2 weeks. However, during phase 1 testing, pharmacokinetics supported less frequent dosing. Also, single doses of pegloticase unexpectedly induced antibodies (Ab) that bound to polyethylene glycol (PEG). We have conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate every 3-week dosing, and to further define the Ab response to pegloticase. Organ transplant recipients were included, as they are prone to severe gout that is difficult to manage, and because treatment to prevent graft rejection might influence the immune response to pegloticase.Methods
Plasma uricase activity (pUox), urate concentration (pUA), and clinical response were monitored during up to 5 infusions in 30 patients, including 7 organ transplant recipients. Depending on whether pUA <6 mg/dL was achieved and maintained, patients were classified as non (NR), persistent (PR), or transient (TR) responders. Ab to pegloticase and 10 kDa mPEG were monitored by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and specificity was further defined.Results
We observed 17 PR, 12 TR, and 1 NR; 21 patients (16 PR, 5 TR) received all 5 infusions. Over the 15-week trial, pUA in PR averaged 1.0 ± 0.4 mg/dL; T½ for pUox was approximately 13 days, and area under the curve after dose 5 was approximately 30% higher than after dose 1. PR showed clinical benefit and in some, tophi resolved. In 11 of 12 TR, pUox fell rapidly and hyperuricemia recurred before dose 2. In all TR and NR, loss of response to pegloticase was accompanied by Ab to PEG, which was pre-existing in half of those who had no prior exposure to pegloticase. No PR, and 1 one out of 7 organ transplant recipients, had a sustained Ab response to pegloticase.Conclusions
Every 3-week dosing is effective and may enhance the utility of pegloticase for treating refractory gout. Ab to PEG, which were pre-existing or induced by treatment, caused rapid loss of efficacy and increased the risk of infusion reactions. Organ transplant recipients can benefit from pegloticase, and may be less prone than non-recipients to developing anti-PEG Ab. Investigation of immunosuppressive strategies to minimize anti-PEG Ab is warranted.Trial registration
ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00111657相似文献110.
Charlotte Gineste Coen Ottenheijm Yann Le Fur Sébastien Banzet Emilie Pecchi Christophe Vilmen Patrick J. Cozzone Nathalie Koulmann Edna C. Hardeman David Bendahan Julien Gondin 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Nemaline myopathy is the most common disease entity among non-dystrophic skeletal muscle congenital diseases. The first disease causing mutation (Met9Arg) was identified in the gene encoding α-tropomyosinslow gene (TPM3). Considering the conflicting findings of the previous studies on the transgenic (Tg) mice carrying the TPM3
Met9Arg mutation, we investigated carefully the effect of the Met9Arg mutation in 8–9 month-old Tg(TPM3)Met9Arg mice on muscle function using a multiscale methodological approach including skinned muscle fibers analysis and in
vivo investigations by magnetic resonance imaging and 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. While in
vitro maximal force production was reduced in Tg(TPM3)Met9Arg mice as compared to controls, in
vivo measurements revealed an improved mechanical performance in the transgenic mice as compared to the former. The reduced in
vitro muscle force might be related to alterations occuring at the cross-bridges level with muscle-specific underlying mechanisms. In vivo muscle improvement was not associated with any changes in either muscle volume or energy metabolism. Our findings indicate that TPM3(Met9Arg) mutation leads to a mild muscle weakness in
vitro related to an alteration at the cross-bridges level and a paradoxical gain of muscle function in
vivo. These results clearly point out that in
vitro alterations are muscle-dependent and do not necessarily translate into similar changes in
vivo. 相似文献