Anlagentypen und Verfahren der technischen Algenmassenproduktion1

• 1 . Es werden Anlagentypen für die autotrophe, mixotrophe oder heterotrophe Saubere Kultur von Mikroalgen sowie Verfahren der Algenkultur auf Abwasserbasis beschrieben. Zur Erstellung von Freilandanlagen erscheinen Beckenkonstruktionen besonders geeignet, die auf die Verwendung industrieller Fertigteile abgestellt sind. Bei der autotrophen Kultur von Mikroalgen im Freiland besteht das Hauptproblem darin, einen effizienten CO₂-Eintrag zu erzielen
• 2 . Massenkulturen mariner und limnischer Mikroalgen haben vor allem in Japan als Komponenten komplexer Aquakultursysteme wirtschaftliche Bedeutung erlangt
• 3 . Besonderes Interesse verdienen Verfahren zur Massenkultur von Mikroalgen in Abwässern. Mit ihrer Hilfe gelingt es, auf verhältnismäßig engem Raum hohe Abbauleistungen der organischen Fracht zu erzielen und gleichzeitig proteinreiche Substanz für die Tierernährung zu produzieren

     

Histochemische Studien an den Plexus chorioidei,an der Paraphyse und am Ependym von Rana temporaria L.

Zusammenfassung Die Epithelzellen der Plexus chor. ventr. III und IV, das Paraphysenepithel und das Ventrikelependym von Rana temporaria L. zeigen eine deutliche — wenn auch quantitativ unterschiedliche — Aktivität von SDH, -HBDH und LDH. Der Nachweis einer UDPGGT-Aktivität fällt dagegen nur im Plexusepithel positiv aus. In der Plexusepithelzelle sind die Formazangranula gleichmäßig über das gesamte Plasma verteilt, während sie in den Ependymzellen vorwiegend im apikalen, lumenwärtigen Teil der Zelle angeordnet sind. Die Ependymzellen lassen im Reaktionsausfall Typenunterschiede erkennen. Bei einigen Tieren wird die Auswirkung einer Adrenalininjektion auf das Enzymmuster der Plexusepithelzellen untersucht; die funktionellen Zusammenhänge mit einer gleichzeitigen Entspeicherung ihres Glykogenvorrats werden erörtert. Die Verteilung und der Lamellierungstyp der Mitochondrien im Plexus- und Paraphysenepithel werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen illustriert. Einige Komentare sind dem histochemischen Verhalten des Wundrandes gewidmet.

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Histochemical studies on the choroid plexuses, the paraphysis cerebri, and the ependyma of Rana temporaria L.

Summary The epithelium of the choroid plexuses of the IIIrd and IVth ventricles as well as the paraphyseal epithelium and the ventricular ependyma cells of Rana temporaria L. show distinct activities of SDH, -HBDH and LDH, that differ quantitatively. The UDPGGT-reaction is positive in the plexus epithelium. In the epithelium of the choroid plexus, the formazan granules are evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. In the ependyma cells an apical accumulation of this material can be demonstrated. The various morphological types of the ependyma cells differ in the intensity of the SDH, -HBDH and LDH-reactions. In the plexus cells of some animals the effect of epinephrine was studied on the histochemically-detectable activity of these enzymes with respect to the simultaneous depletion of the glycogen depot. The distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria is described in the choroid plexus and paraphyseal epithelial cells. A comment is made in reference to some histochemical pecularities of stab wound areas.

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Teil einer medizinischen Doktorarbeit.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia as autosomal recessive trait in an inbred kindred

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in an inbred kindred was observed in three sisters and three first cousins. This was interpreted as presumptive evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance and it is suggested that in addition to its known genes, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia occasionally may be caused by an autosomal recessive gene.This investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research Grant No. FR 00123, from GCRC-DRFR and by a Fellowship in Pediatric Teratology of the Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati.     

Diurnal variation of corticotropin-releasing factor binding sites in the rat brain and pituitary

Summary 1. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is thought to be involved in the regulation of the diurnal activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and to act as a neurotransmitter in the brain. To date it is unknown whether the binding sites of the central CRF system are subject to diurnal variations. 2. We measured the number of CRF binding sites over the course of a complete 24-hr light-dark cycle in the pituitary, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), cingulate cortex, visceral cortex, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and locus ceruleus of rats byin vitro receptor autoradiography with iodinated ovine CRF. A 24-hr time course was also established for plasma CRF and corticosterone. 3. The diurnal pattern of plasma CRF does not correlate with the pattern of plasma corticosterone. Within the brain, CRF binding in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala showed a U-shaped curve with maximum levels in the morning and a wide hallow between 1500 and 0100. A biphasic profile with a small depression in the afternoon and a more pronounced depression in the second half of the activity period is characteristic for the other brain areas and the pituitary. The profile for the pituitary correlates with those for the BNST and the area of the locus ceruleus. Furthermore, the diurnal pattern of CRF binding sites in the BNST correlates with that of the hippocampus, and the daytime pattern of the visceral cortex is similar to that of both the hippocampus and the BNST. 4. Since the CRF-binding profiles in the brain and the pituitary clearly differ from the profiles of both plasma CRF and corticosterone, one may assume that the diurnal pattern of central CRF binding sites is not directly coupled to the activity of the HPA axis.     

A new approach for rhizosphere research by X-ray microanalysis of microliter soil solutions

Lolium perenne growing with high root density on a fine nylon mesh (Kuchenbuch and Jungk, 1982) caused the development of element gradients in the rhizosphere below the mesh. Micro-liter soil solutions from 2-mg soil samples were sprayed onto Formvar-coated grids and analyzed by X-ray microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope. The results were comparable to those obtained by flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) of conventional soil solutions from 1 g soil. X-ray microanalysis of micro-soil solutions allows the application of different extraction procedures to even small amounts of soil usually available from rhizosphere experiments. Information about soil buffering characteristics in the rhizosphere can thus be obtained. Aluminum accumulation in the rhizosphere of small segments of single Picea abies fine roots grown in undisturbed natural forest soil could be detected with this technique.     

Kidney grafting between rats which carry recombinant major histocompatibility haplotypes

Kidney transplantation was performed between three congenic rat strains which carried the major histocompatibility haplotypesRT1 ^a ,RT1 ^u orRT1 ^ar1 , the latter being a recombinant betweenRT1 ^a andRT1 ^u . This combination made it possible to test separately the effects of incompatibility for RT1. A-region products (classical transplantation antigens, histocompatibility antigens) and for RT1.B-region products (Ia-antigens, strong mixed lymphocyte stimulating antigens, histocompatibility antigens) as well as RT1.C-region products (lymphocyte differentiation antigens, histocompatibility antigens). It is shown that A plus B plus C, as well as A or B plus C-region incompatibility led to kidney-graft rejection and that matching for either classical transplantation antigens or Ia and strong mixed lymphocyte stimulating antigens had no clear differential prognostic effect on kidney-graft survival.