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91.
Introduction
Management of osteoarthritis (OA) includes the use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies. Although walking is commonly recommended for reducing pain and increasing physical function in people with OA, glucosamine sulphate has also been used to alleviate pain and slow the progression of OA. This study evaluated the effects of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate intake on OA symptoms and physical activity participation in people with mild to moderate hip or knee OA. 相似文献92.
Earnest CP Wharton RP Church TS Lucia A 《Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association》2005,19(2):344-348
New technology allows cyclists to train via power output (PO) in addition to heart rate (HR). For those athletes undertaking seasonal laboratory testing (e.g., Vo(2), lactate threshold), it is imperative that athletes be able to directly apply this information to their training device. We examined the reliability of a standardized laboratory ergometer (Lode Excalibur Sport) and its applicability to an electromagnetically braked ergometer (Computrainer) in 2 phases. Phase I (n = 12) examined the reliability of the Lode. Phase II (n = 14) compared the Lode to the Computrainer using a randomized, counterbalance assignment. Following warm-up, each trial started at 100 W, progressing 50 W every 3 minutes to exhaustion. Outcomes were time-to-exhaustion (TTE), peak PO (W) (PO(peak)), peak HR (HR(peak)), and ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation (RCP) thresholds. We used a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey post hoc analysis, regression analysis, Bland-Altman plots, and coefficient of variation (CV) analysis for each variable. During phase I, we found no significant difference for any variable, minimal dispersion of Vo(2) during Bland-Altman analysis, and a low CV at each test stage (= 5%). During phase II, significant differences and higher CV for most parameters (all data; p < 0.001) were observed for Lode versus Computrainer: TTE (21 minutes, 12 seconds +/- 3 minutes, 12 seconds vs. 19 minutes, 9 seconds +/- 2 minutes, 36 seconds; CV = 16%), PO(peak) (335 +/- 57.8 W vs. 295 +/- 47.1 W, CV = 17%), as well as PO at VT (CV = 51%) and RCP (CV = 24%; p < 0.01). We conclude that coaches and cyclists may need to use some caution when directly transferring results obtained from laboratory testing to the Computrainer training device. 相似文献
93.
Modulation of cardiac PIP2 by cardioactive hormones and other physiologically relevant interventions 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nasuhoglu C Feng S Mao Y Shammat I Yamamato M Earnest S Lemmon M Hilgemann DW 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2002,283(1):C223-C234
Phosphatidylinositol4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) affects profoundly several cardiacion channels and transporters, and studies ofPIP2-sensitive currents in excised patches suggest thatPIP2 can be synthesized and broken down within 30 s.To test when, and if, total phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) andPIP2 levels actually change in intact heart, we used a new,nonradioactive HPLC method to quantify anionic phospholipids. Total PIPand PIP2 levels (10-30 µmol/kg wet weight) do notchange, or even increase, with activation ofGq/phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent pathways by carbachol(50 µM), phenylephrine (50 µM), and endothelin-1 (0.3 µM).Adenosine (0.2 mM) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1µM) bothcause 30% reduction of PIP2 in ventricles, suggesting thatdiacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent mechanisms negatively regulate cardiacPIP2. PIP2, but not PIP, increases reversiblyby 30% during electrical stimulation (2 Hz for 5 min) in guinea pigleft atria; the increase is blocked by nickel (2 mM). Both PIP andPIP2 increase within 3 min in hypertonic solutions, roughlyin proportion to osmolarity, and similar effects occur in multiple celllines. Inhibitors of several volume-sensitive signaling mechanisms do not affect these responses, suggesting that PIP2 metabolismmight be sensitive to membrane tension, per se. 相似文献
94.
Earnest DJ Liang FQ DiGiorgio S Gallagher M Harvey B Earnest B Seigel G 《Journal of neurobiology》1999,39(1):1-13
Primary cultured cells from the presumptive anlage of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were immortalized by infection with a retroviral vector encoding the adenovirus 12S E1A gene. After drug selection, the resulting neural cell lines (SCN1.4 and SCN2.2) displayed (a) extended growth potential without evidence of transformed or tumorigenic properties, (b) expression of E1A protein within all cell nuclei, and (c) heterogeneous cell types in various stages of differentiation. A large proportion of the SCN1.4 and SCN2.2 cells were characterized by gliallike morphologies, but showed limited expression of corresponding cell type-specific antigens. In addition, both lines exhibited a stable population of cells with neuronlike characteristics. When treated so as to enhance differentiation, these cells were often distinguished by fine, long processes and immunocytochemical expression of neuronal markers and peptides found within SCN neurons in situ. Observations on SCN neuropeptide immunostaining, content, release, and mRNA expression followed a concordant pattern in which somatostatin and vasopressin cells were the most and least common peptidergic phenotypes in both lines, respectively. Since these results indicate that constituents of E1A-immortalized lines derived from the primordial SCN can differentiate into cells with phenotypes resembling parental peptidergic neurons, it will be critical to explore next whether these lines also retain the distinctive function of the SCN to generate circadian rhythms. Cloning of immortalized cell types could subsequently yield useful tools for studying the development of SCN glial and peptidergic cell types and delineating their distinct roles in mammalian circadian time-keeping. 相似文献
95.
Jimmy C. Smith Daniel P. Stephens Emily L. Hall Allen W. Jackson Conrad P. Earnest 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,77(4):360-365
The relationship between work rate (W˙) and time to exhaustion (t) during intense exercise is commonly described by either a hyperbolic function (NLin), t=W
′/(W˙−W˙
cp), or by its linear equivalent (LinW) W
lim
=W
′+W˙
cp(t). The parameter W˙<INF
</INF>cp (critical power) has been described as an inherent characteristic of the aerobic energy system, while W ′ has been shown to be a ralid estimate of anaerobic work capacity. Recent studies have demonstrated that oral supplementation
of creatine monohydrate (CrH2O) increases total muscle creatine stores, and have linked these increases to improved performances in intense intermittent
exercise. This study was conducted to determine the effect of CrH2O supplementation on estimates of W ′ and W˙<INF
</INF>cp derived from the NLin and LinW equations, and to determine the effect of CrH2O on t in exhaustive constant power exercise of different intensities. Fifteen active but untrained university students completed
three phases of testing on a cycle ergometer: (1) familiarization, three learning trials, (2) baseline determination of W ′ and W˙<INF
</INF>cp, four bouts performed at a W˙ selected to elicit fatigue in 90–600 s, and (3) experimental determination of W ′ and W˙
cp, four bouts performed at the same W˙ as baseline, but performed after 5 days of ingesting either a placebo (4 × 6 g of glucose/day) or CrH2O (4 × 5 g of CrH2O and 1 g glucose/day). Testing was administered in a double-blind manner. Analyses of covariance revealed a significant effect
for CrH2O on both estimates of W ′ (NLin, P=0.04; LinW, P<0.01), but not on estimates of W˙
cp (NLin, P=0.37; LinW; P=0.30). Within groups, t was significantly different for only CrH2O at the two highest W˙s (P=0.04). It is concluded that oral ingestion of CrH2O increases estimates of W ′ due to an improved t at the shorter, more intense exercise bouts.
Accepted: 1 September 1997 相似文献
96.
Isolated populations of drosophila pseudoobscura, separated from North
American populations by about 2,400 km, were found in Colombia in 1960. We
compared for sequences of the small ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene on the
mitochondria between North American and Colombian D. pseudoobscura in order
to clarify the age of the Colombian isolates. The North American
populations were not genetically different from each other but were
genetically different from the Colombian populations. The Mexican strains
represent the area from which the Colombian founders might have come. The
estimated net nucleotide divergence between Mexican and Colombian D.
pseudoobscura indicates that the Colombian population is not an ancient
lineage. Phylogenies using both distance and parsimony methodologies
reinforced this conclusion. The Colombian samples group together with both
methods but, according to the bootstrap analysis, not significantly. It
appears that the populations have not been separated long enough for their
DNA sequences to show much divergence.
相似文献
97.
98.
A K Batta G Salen K R Rapole M Batta P Batta D Alberts D Earnest 《Journal of lipid research》1999,40(6):1148-1154
A simple method for the gas-liquid chromatographic quantitation of human fecal bile acids and sterols is described where bile acids are subjected to n-butyl ester derivatization, without prior isolation from the stool, followed by trimethylsilylation of the sterols and bile acids. Under these conditions, bile acid derivatives are well resolved from each other and from the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of fecal sterols and no overlap occurs. The method was shown to be highly reproducible and recoveries were similar to those obtained with other methods used for fecal bile acid analysis. Application of the method for bile acid and sterol analysis in human stool is described. 相似文献
99.
Charles J. Heise Bing-e Xu Staci L. Deaton Seung-Kuy Cha Chih-Jen Cheng Svetlana Earnest Samarpita Sengupta Yu-Chi Juang Steve Stippec Yingda Xu Yingming Zhao Chou-Long Huang Melanie H. Cobb 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(33):25161-25167
The four WNK (with no lysine (K)) protein kinases affect ion balance and contain an unusual protein kinase domain due to the unique placement of the active site lysine. Mutations in two WNKs cause a heritable form of ion imbalance culminating in hypertension. WNK1 activates the serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase SGK1; the mechanism is noncatalytic. SGK1 increases membrane expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and sodium reabsorption via phosphorylation and sequestering of the E3 ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2), which otherwise promotes ENaC endocytosis. Questions remain about the intrinsic abilities of WNK family members to regulate this pathway. We find that expression of the N termini of all four WNKs results in modest to strong activation of SGK1. In reconstitution experiments in the same cell line all four WNKs also increase sodium current blocked by the ENaC inhibitor amiloride. The N termini of the WNKs also have the capacity to interact with SGK1. More detailed analysis of activation by WNK4 suggests mechanisms in common with WNK1. Further evidence for the importance of WNK1 in this process comes from the ability of Nedd4-2 to bind to WNK1 and the finding that endogenous SGK1 has reduced activity if WNK1 is knocked down by small interfering RNA. 相似文献
100.
Earnest Njih Tabah Dickson Shey Nsagha Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi Martin W. Bratschi Gerd Pluschke Alphonse Um Boock 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(1)
BackgroundCameroon is endemic for Buruli ulcer (BU) and organised institutional BU control began in 2002. The objective was to describe the evolution, achievements and challenges of the national BU control programme (NBUCP) and to make suggestions for scaling up the programme.MethodsWe analysed collated data on BU from 2001 to 2014 and reviewed activity reports NBUCP in Cameroon. Case-detection rates and key BU control indicators were calculated and plotted on a time scale to determine trends in performance. A linear regression analysis of BU detection rate from 2005–2014 was done. The regression coefficient was tested statistically for the significance in variation of BU detection rate.Conclusion/SignificanceAlthough institutional BU control Cameroon only began 30 years after the first cases were reported in 1969, a number of milestones have been attained. These would serve as stepping stones for charting the way forward and improving upon control activities in the country if the major challenge of resource allocation is dealt with. 相似文献