Position of the genera Lycenchelys gill and Lycodapus gilbert in the family Zoarcidae (Perciformes: Zoarcoidei) inferred from molecular genetic analysis

Sequence variation ofthe mitochondrial COI, cytochrome b, and 16S RNA genes, as well as nuclear RNF213 gene was examined in the genera Lycenchelys and Lycodapus with the purpose of determination of their positions in the system of the family Zoarcidae. It was demonstrated that the genus Lycodapus was considerably closer to the generic group of Lycogramminae (Lycogrammoides, Bothrocara, Allolepis, Bothrocarhichthys) than the genus Lycenchelys. However, on the phylogenetic trees both of these genera were located in the clade of the subfamily Lycodinae. Genetic heterogeneity of the genus Lycenchelys, represented by two species groups differing in distribution patterns (northeastern Pacific and Antarctic) and showing more profound differences than the genera of subfamily Lycodinae, was demonstrated.     

Genetic Differentiation Inferred from Data on Restriction Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in the Northern and Southern Forms of the Dolly Varden Char

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ATPase6/ND4L and cytochrome b regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was studied in populations of the northern and southern forms of the Dolly Varden char Salvelinus malma from the Asian coast of the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Seven genotypes of mtDNA were found, of which AAAA/ACCC and BBAC/ACEC characterize the northern and southern groups of populations, respectively. By the identity test, the studied populations of the Chukotka and Kamchatka peninsulas and the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk significantly differed from the studied populations of Sakhalin Island, Primorye, and Kuril Islands.     

Identification and expression of haponin, a new protein from HL-60 cells

We found a new protein haponin (an HLDF-alike protein) in promyelocyte HL-60 cells that is immunoreactive to polyclonal antibodies against HLDFbeta. Determination of the partial primary structure of the protein allowed us to reveal an immunogenic peptide of haponin and, on the basis of the amino acid sequence of this peptide, the degenerate primers were synthesized, which enabled us to clone the full-size cDNA of haponin. The stable heterologous expression of this cDNA in E. coli cells (Rosetta strain) was obtained. Preparations of natural and recombinant proteins exhibited antigenic cross-reactivity to polyclonal antibodies against this peptide.     

The cytochemical demonstration of glycoproteins and glycolipids in Sarcocystis muris sarcocysts]

An electron cytochemical study of glycoproteins and glycolipids was made for the mature sarcocysts of Sarcocystis muris. Glycoprotein structures as branched fibrilles were seen on the surface of the sarcocyst wall. The fibrillar and granular glycoprotein structures were found in the ground substance of sarcocysts near the cyst wall and in the septae. In the plasmalemma of two types of cyst stages (merozoites and intermediate cells), glycoprotein fibrillar structures were revealed connecting these two cell types with each other. The third type cyst stages, i.e. the metrocytes, are situated separately without any fibrillar connections between them and other cyst stages being observed. This question is discussed in terms of the problem of cytodifferentiation. The fibrillar and granular glycoprotein material is scattered over the cytoplasm of the cyst stages, being especially concentrated in micronemes, rhoptries and around amylopectin granules. The control ultrathin sections were treated with saliva or pronase for the aims of protein identification in the material under study. In addition to glycoprotein, some glycolipids material was detected in the sarcocysts in the form of drops surrounded with thin glycoproteinaceous layers. Glycolipids were found in the ground substance of sarcocysts near the cyst stages and in the parasite cell cytoplasm around the micronemes and rhoptries. The data obtained are discussed in connection with the functional role glycoproteins and glycolipids play in S. muris.     

Electron-oscillatory spectra of pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids in argon matrices

The studies on the oscillatory structure of adsorption spectra of pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids isolated in Ar matrix at 11 K are described. To clear up the importance of molecule isolation in the matrix, amorphous films of the materials studied were investigated experimentally at 11 and 77 K. The work was carried out using the low temperature optic attachment developed by the authors. The long wavelength band of cytosine and deuterocytosine in the matrix is shown to consist of two bands: 1) lambda max = 267 nm with oscillatory progressions of 500 and 400 cm-1, respectively, and 2) lambda max = 280 nm with progression approximately 800 cm-1. The first pi pi*-absorption band of 1-methylcytosine has a single oscillatory progression 470 cm-1. Thymine and uracil in Ar matrices form diffuse structural spectra of 630 and 660 cm-1, respectively. The oscillatory progressions are attributed to the oscillatory frequencies of the pyrimidine molecule ring oscillations in the excited state. The annealing of the matrix results for all the materials in smearing the oscillatory molecule structure up to its complete vanishing. In film samples the oscillatory structure is not seen at low temperatures.     

Physical simulation of neuronal memory as a mosaic of chemoreceptor and electroreceptor elements of the somato-dendritic membrane

A model of neuronal memory in which recording and reading out are based on scanning of the somato-dendritic membrane is analyzed. The stepwise displacement of excesses of potential relief created by superposition of local postsynaptic potentials on the soma-to-dendritic membrane is used as the scanner. Associative, diagnostic, and dependable (distributive) properties of such a memory, similar to the properties of holograms, are demonstrated.M. I. Kalinin Leningrad Polytechnical Institute. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 90–98, January–February, 1974.