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51.
Sugar Modulation of {alpha}-Amylase Genes under Anoxia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LORETI ELENA; YAMAGUCHI JUNJI; ALPI AMEDEO; PERATA PIERDOMENICO 《Annals of botany》2003,91(2):143-148
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ROBERTO GAMARRA ELENA DORDA ANTONIO SCRUGLI PABLO GALÁN EMMA ORTÚÑEZ 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,153(2):133-140
The ultrastructure of testa seed in the genus Neotinea (Orchidaceae, Orchidinae) was examined for the first time. The morphology of the seed and of the anticlinal and periclinal walls was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative data concerning the length and width of the seed and embryo, seed and embryo volume, free air space, and number of cells along the longitudinal axis are presented. In all species, the seeds are fusiform in shape with transverse ridges on the inner periclinal walls. This ornamentation pattern is characteristic for the genus Neotinea . It is a good diagnostic value supporting the monophyly of this genus, which has recently been proposed by several authors. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 , 133–140. 相似文献
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A metabolomic study in oats (Avena sativa) highlights a drought tolerance mechanism based upon salicylate signalling pathways and the modulation of carbon,antioxidant and photo‐oxidative metabolism
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JAVIER SÁNCHEZ‐MARTÍN JIM HEALD ALISON KINGSTON‐SMITH ANA WINTERS DIEGO RUBIALES MARILUZ SANZ LUIS A. J. MUR ELENA PRATS 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(7):1434-1452
Although a wealth of information is available on the induction of one or several drought‐related responses in different species, little is known of how their timing, modulation and crucially integration influence drought tolerance. Based upon metabolomic changes in oat (Avena sativa L.), we have defined key processes involved in drought tolerance. During a time course of increasing water deficit, metabolites from leaf samples were profiled using direct infusion–electrospray mass spectroscopy (DI‐ESI‐MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ESI‐MS/MS and analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA). The involvement of metabolite pathways was confirmed through targeted assays of key metabolites and physiological experiments. We demonstrate an early accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) influencing stomatal opening, photorespiration and antioxidant defences before any change in the relative water content. These changes are likely to maintain plant water status, with any photoinhibitory effect being counteracted by an efficient antioxidant capacity, thereby representing an integrated mechanism of drought tolerance in oats. We also discuss these changes in relation to those engaged at later points, consequence of the different water status in susceptible and resistant genotypes. 相似文献
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MARCO A. L. ZUFFI AUGUSTO GENTILLI ELENA CECCHINELLI FABIO PUPIN XAVIER BONNET ERNESTO FILIPPI LUCA M. LUISELLI FILIPPO BARBANERA FERNANDO DINI MAURO FASOLA 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2009,96(2):383-391
The occurrence of variation in body size and reproductive traits of Vipera aspis was assessed by analysing 74 reproductive females of different populations, collected throughout a large part of the distribution range of the taxon, from central‐western France to central Italy. Six populations were analysed, two of plain habitats, in France and Italy, characterized by a Continental climate, whereas the other four derived from two coastal and two inland, hilly Italian habitats, respectively, showing a Mediterranean climate. Females of the French area showed the smallest mean body size, whereas the pre‐ and post‐partum body masses of females from the coolest, central Italic area were significantly higher. Litter size varied among habitats and was significantly correlated with maternal body size. If the snout–vent length feature varied largely among offspring of different habitats (with the longest size occurring in representatives of the coastal, central Italian area), the average of both body mass and total mass of offsprings did not exhibit any clear pattern among populations colonizing different habitats. Nevertheless, relative litter mass was higher in the French continental populations, and lower in the coolest, Mediterranean, Italian ones. It is worth emphasizing the positive correlation between the snout–vent length feature of females and the total litter mass to environmental factors, such as hottest month temperature and total rainfall. The available literature records that female body size affects offspring size and fecundity. If the present study bolsters this correlation, it also rules out any other effect of female body size on the offspring characteristics analysed. Finally, evidence is provided for the role of climatic factors on life‐history traits (e.g. pre‐partum body mass) of asp vipers, although confounding effects pursued, for example, by food availability may occur. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96 , 383–391. 相似文献
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MARÍA GUADALUPE DEL RÍO ADRIANA ELENA MALVARDI ANALIA LANTERI 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2012,166(1):54-71
A new genus of broad‐nosed weevils belonging to the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is described, based on six species from the Páramo–Puna subregion (Andean region) of South America. Three species are new and three have been transferred from the genus Asymmathetes (Asymmathetes nigrans, Asymmathetes rugicollis, and Asymmathetes vulcanorum). The new genus is recognized by the black, denuded, and shiny tegument, the well‐developed pre‐epistome, the elytral base curved backwards on middle, the reduction of the hindwings, and the widely separated procoxae, closer to the anterior than to the posterior margin of the prosternum. A cladistic analysis of the six species of the new genus plus five out‐groups (Amitrus, Amphideritus, Asymmathetes, Melanocyphus, and Trichocyphus), using 49 morphological characters, resulted in a single cladogram. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 166 , 54–71. 相似文献
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BORIS KRYŠTUFEK ELENA IVANITSKAYA ATILLA ARSLAN EMINE ARSLAN ELENA V. BUŽAN 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,105(2):446-455
Mole rats (genus Nannospalax) display prolific chromosomal variation with more than 50 distinct cytotypes. These cytotypes are largely indistinguishable morphologically, are mainly allopatric and their taxonomic ranking is contradictory. We established a cytochrome b phylogeny for 15 cytotypes belonging to all three species recognized on morphological grounds (morphospecies): N. leucodon, N. xanthodon and N. ehrenbergi. Phylogenetic reconstructions yielded two highly divergent groups which are in agreement with the current division into two subgenera (Nannospalax and Mesospalax). The former comprised samples from south‐eastern Turkey, Israel and Egypt (the morphospecies N. ehrenbergi). Basal dichotomy within Mesospalax remained unresolved and the putative sister position of N. leucodon against the two lineages of N. xanthodon was not supported in our analysis. Net divergences between sister cytotypes were low (< 2.0%) and two N. leucodon cytotypes were not even reciprocally monophyletic. Among the three morphospecies, the genetic diversity was lowest in N. leucodon (2.4% ± 0.3%), highest in N. xanthodon (8.8% ± 0.7%) and intermediate in N. ehrenbergi (5.0% ± 0.5%). Our results show that associations between genetic and chromosomal variation are not widespread and common in mole rats, and therefore refute the generalization of a ‘cytotype‐equals‐species’ approach. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105 , 446–455. 相似文献
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LAIA ANDREU‐HAYLES OCTAVI PLANELLS EMILIA GUTIÉRREZ ELENA MUNTAN GERHARD HELLE KEVIN J. ANCHUKAITIS GERHARD H. SCHLESER 《Global Change Biology》2011,17(6):2095-2112
We investigated the tree growth and physiological response of five pine forest stands in relation to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) and climate in the Iberian Peninsula using annually resolved width and δ13C tree‐ring chronologies since ad 1600. 13C discrimination (Δ≈ci/ca), leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) were inferred from δ13C values. The most pronounced changes were observed during the second half of the 20th century, and differed between stands. Three sites kept a constant ci/ca ratio, leading to significant ci and iWUE increases (active response to ca); whereas a significant increase in ci/ca resulted in the lowest iWUE increase of all stands at a relict Pinus uncinata forest site (passive response to ca). A significant decrease in ci/ca led to the greatest iWUE improvement at the northwestern site. We tested the climatic signal strength registered in the δ13C series after removing the low‐frequency trends due to the physiological responses to increasing ca. We found stronger correlations with temperature during the growing season, demonstrating that the physiological response to ca changes modulated δ13C and masked the climate signal. Since 1970 higher δ13C values revealed iWUE improvements at all the sites exceeding values expected by an active response to the ca increase alone. These patterns were related to upward trends in temperatures, indicating that other factors are reinforcing stomatal closure in these forests. Narrower rings during the second half of the 20th century than in previous centuries were observed at four sites and after 1970 at all sites, providing no evidence for a possible CO2‘fertilization’ effect on growth. The iWUE improvements found for all the forests, reflecting both a ca rise and warmer conditions, seem to be insufficient to compensate for the negative effects of the increasing water limitation on growth. 相似文献