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171.
A. Ziouti C. El Modafar A. Fleuriet S. EL Boustani J. J. Macheix 《Biologia Plantarum》1996,38(3):451-457
In date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves, the main compounds of the phenolic pool were quercetin and isorhamnetin heterosides, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin.
Although previously observed only in date palm fruits, 5-caffeoylshikimic acid (dactylifric acid) and its positional isomers
(3-caffeoylshikimic acid and 4-caffeoylshikimic acid) were detected also in the leaves and roots. Quantitative, but not qualitative,
differences between cultivars resistant and susceptible toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.albedinis during growth period were observed
Acknowledgements: The authors are very grateful to Dr. Janati, Director of SCAS (INRA, Marrakech) for supplying the plant
material used in this study. The study was funded by the Programme de Cooperation Franco-Marocaine (Al 473/90) between Cadi
Ayyad University (Marrakech, Maroc) and Montpellier II University (France) 相似文献
172.
ABDERRAZAK EL ALAMI ELS VAN LAVIEREN ABOUFATIMA RACHIDA ABDERRAHMAN CHAIT 《American journal of primatology》2012,74(3):210-216
The Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus is a very adaptable primate species occupying a wide range of habitats in Morocco and Algeria. Several groups of this endangered macaque can be found in tourist sites, where they are affected by the presence of visitors providing food to them. We compare the activity budgets and the diet of semiprovisioned and wild‐feeding groups of Barbary macaques in the central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco from February to August 2008. We used instantaneous scan sampling at 15‐min intervals. The behaviors included in the activity budget were feeding, moving, foraging, resting, and aggressive display. Food items were grouped into seven categories. We found no differences between the two groups in the daily percentages of records attributed to feeding. The semiprovisioned group spent significantly more time engaged in resting and aggressive behavior, and foraged and moved significantly less than the wild‐feeding group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in time spent eating leaves, fruits, or roots and bark. The semiprovisioned group, however, spent significantly less time per day feeding on herbs, seeds, and acorns than the wild‐feeding group. Human food accounted for 26% of the daily feeding records for the semiprovisioned group and 1% for the wild‐feeding group. Our findings agree with previous studies and indicate that in the tourist site, where food is highly clumped, macaques decreased foraging time yet showed higher levels of contest competition. Our results support the common claim that the diet of the Barbary macaque is highly flexible, differing among its varied habitats. Conservation efforts for the Barbary macaques should take into account the changes in behavior that human‐modified environments may cause. 相似文献
173.
S. EL‐SHOWK J. S.
Van ZWEDEN P.
D’ETTORRE L. SUNDSTRÖM 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2010,23(2):397-406
In social insects, workers trade personal reproduction for indirect fitness returns from helping their mother rear collateral kin. Colony membership is generally used as a proxy for kin discrimination, but the question remains whether recognition allows workers to discriminate between kin and nonkin regardless of colony affiliation. We investigated whether workers of the ant Formica fusca can identify their mother when fostered with their mother, their sisters, a hetero‐colonial queen or hetero‐colonial workers. We found that workers always displayed less aggression towards both their mother and their foster queen, as compared to an unfamiliar hetero‐colonial queen. In support of this finding, workers maintain their colony hydrocarbon profile regardless of foster regime, yet show modifications when exposed to different environments. This indicates that recognition entails environmental and genetic components, which allow both discrimination of kin in the absence of prior contact and learning of recognition cues based on group membership. 相似文献
174.
175.
D. A. Elnaiem M. A. Aboud S. G. EL. Mubarek H. K. Hassan R. D. Ward 《Medical and veterinary entomology》1999,13(2):191-197
Laboratory and field investigations were made in an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khartoum State, Sudan, to evaluate the effects of permethrin-impregnated curtains on the human-biting activity, nocturnal activity and resting behaviour of the vector sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) indoors. Laboratory bioassays showed that curtains impregnated with 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 g/m2 permethrin all gave 100% mortality within 24h of exposure of P. papatasi for 3 min. Under natural field conditions, the biting activity indoors and the resting density of P. papatasi were significantly reduced (P<0.001 and P=0.036, respectively) in rooms provided with permethrin-impregnated curtains as compared to control rooms left without curtains or fitted with unimpregnated curtains. No significant difference was found between the numbers of nocturnally active P. papatasi collected in rooms provided with impregnated curtains and rooms left without curtains or provided with unimpregnated curtains (P=0.377). Evidently P. papatasi was not repelled by these doses of permethrin on curtains, but the survival rate of sandflies collected from test rooms provided with permethrin-impregnated curtains was significantly reduced (P=0.036). We conclude that use of permethrin-impregnated curtains may provide a good control method for P. papatasi and other endophilic and/or endophagic sandfly vectors of leishmaniasis. 相似文献