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The combined effect of salinity and heat reveals a specific physiological,biochemical and molecular response in tomato plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ROSA M. RIVERO TERESA C. MESTRE RON MITTLER FRANCISCO RUBIO FRANCISCO GARCIA‐SANCHEZ VICENTE MARTINEZ 《Plant, cell & environment》2014,37(5):1059-1073
Many studies have described the response mechanisms of plants to salinity and heat applied individually; however, under field conditions some abiotic stresses often occur simultaneously. Recent studies revealed that the response of plants to a combination of two different stresses is specific and cannot be deduced from the stresses applied individually. Here, we report on the response of tomato plants to a combination of heat and salt stress. Interestingly, and in contrast to the expected negative effect of the stress combination on plant growth, our results show that the combination of heat and salinity provides a significant level of protection to tomato plants from the effects of salinity. We observed a specific response of plants to the stress combination that included accumulation of glycine betaine and trehalose. The accumulation of these compounds under the stress combination was linked to the maintenance of a high K+ concentration and thus a lower Na+/K+ ratio, with a better performance of the cell water status and photosynthesis as compared with salinity alone. Our findings unravel new and unexpected aspects of the response of plants to stress combination and provide a proposed list of enzymatic targets for improving crop tolerance to the abiotic field environment. 相似文献
74.
Abstract Tristerix aphyllus (Loranthaceae) is a bird-dispersed mistletoe that infects several cactus species in central and north-central Chile. At Las Chinchillas National Reserve it parasitizes two species of columnar cacti (Echinopsis chilensis and Eulychnia acida) and its seeds are dispersed exclusively by the Chilean mockingbird Mimus thenca. The prevalence of T. aphyllus on cacti depended on host species and size. Echinopsis chilensis was parasitized at a higher, and E. acida at a lower, frequency than expected from their relative abundances. In both species, the incidence of T. aphyllus parasitism increased with cactus height. Birds perched and deposited seeds primarily on parasitized cacti, which resulted in an aggregated distribution of seeds. By preventing bird perching and thus reducing seed deposition, the long spines of E. chilensis and E. acida may help protect cacti against T. aphyllus infestation. However, the seeds of T. aphyllus produced a slow-growing radicle that reached up to 91 mm long in 43 days. Radicles of this length are unique among mistletoe species and may have evolved to overcome the barrier posed by cactus spines. 相似文献
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J. A. FERNANDEZ PRIETO M. J. ALVAREZ MARTINEZ T. E. DIAZ M. A. FERNANDEZ CASADO M. C. FERNANDEZ-CARVAJAL M. I. GUTIERREZ VILLARIAS H. S. NAVA M. L. VERA 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1993,113(1):35-39
FERNANDEZ PRIETO, J. A., VERA, M. L., ALVAREZ MARTINEZ, M. J., DIAZ, T. E., FERNANDEZ CASADO, M. A., FERNANDEZ-CARVAJAL, M. C, GUTIERREZ VILLARIAS, M. I. & NAVA, H. S., 1993. Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of Ulex europaeus subsp. europaeus (Leguminosae). Chromosome numbers are reported in Ulex europaeus subsp. europaeus (99 samples from northern Spain, France and Great Britain). Three levels of ploidy (diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid) have been detected; the diploid and tetraploid levels, hitherto unknown in this taxon, have been found exclusively in coastal areas of northern Spain and western France. 相似文献
77.
Balamuthia Mandrillaris, N. G., N. Sp., Agent of Amebic Meningoencephalitis In Humans and Other Animals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
GOVINDA S. VISVESVARA FREDERICK L. SCHUSTER A. JULIO MARTINEZ 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1993,40(4):504-514
ABSTRACT. We recently reported the isolation of a leptomyxid ameba from the brain of a mandrill baboon that died of meningo-encephalitis. Based on light and electron microscopic studies, animal pathogenicity tests, and immunofluorescence patterns, we conclude that our isolate differs fundamentally from the other two amebas ( Leptomyxa and Gephyramoeba ) included in the Order Leptomyxida. We therefore created a new genus, Balamuthia , to accommodate our isolate and described it as Balamuthia mandrillaris to reflect the origin of the type species. Briefly, B. mandrillaris is a pathogenic ameba that causes amebic encephalitis in humans and animals. It has trophic and cyst stages in its life cycle, and is uninucleate with a large vesicular nucleus and a central nucleolus. Mature cysts have a tripartite wall consisting of an outer loose ectocyst, an inner endocyst and a middle mesocyst. Unlike Acanthamoeba and Naegleria , the other two amebas that cause amebic encephalitis in humans, Balamuthia will not grow on agar plates seeded with enteric bacteria. However, Balamuthia grows on a variety of mammalian cell cultures and kills mice following intranasal or intraperitoneal inoculation. Based on immunofluorescence testing, 35 cases of amebic encephalitis in humans and three in other animals have been identified worldwide as being caused by Balamuthia . 相似文献
78.
M. ASUNCION MARTINEZ CHRISTIAN P. VIVARES GEORGES BOUIX 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1993,40(5):677-687
ABSTRACT. A new microsporidian parasite of the Artemia intestinal epithelium has been studied. The microsporidium developed within a membranous parasitophorous vesicle from the host rough endoplasmic reticulum consisting of two membranes, with the proximal one usually lacking ribosomes.
All developmental stages had isolated nuclei. Unikaryotic meronts developed into merogonial plasmodia. Merogonial division occurred by binary fission and rosette-shaped fragmentation. In young sporonts, an electron-lucent space, corresponding to the developing endospore, was immediately observed between both the plasmalemma and the exospore primordium. Sporogonial division occurred also by rosette-shaped fragmentation, resulting in at least eight sporoblasts that developed directly into spores. Fresh spores were 1.7 × 0.9 μm in size and oval-shaped. The 8–11 coil isofilar polar filament was arranged in two rows. The polaroplast was bipartite. The nature of the parasitophorous envelope, host-parasite interaction, developmental cycle and taxonomy are discussed. 相似文献
All developmental stages had isolated nuclei. Unikaryotic meronts developed into merogonial plasmodia. Merogonial division occurred by binary fission and rosette-shaped fragmentation. In young sporonts, an electron-lucent space, corresponding to the developing endospore, was immediately observed between both the plasmalemma and the exospore primordium. Sporogonial division occurred also by rosette-shaped fragmentation, resulting in at least eight sporoblasts that developed directly into spores. Fresh spores were 1.7 × 0.9 μm in size and oval-shaped. The 8–11 coil isofilar polar filament was arranged in two rows. The polaroplast was bipartite. The nature of the parasitophorous envelope, host-parasite interaction, developmental cycle and taxonomy are discussed. 相似文献
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GUILLERMO HOUGH EDGARDO MARTINEZ ADRIANA CONTARINI TERESA BARBIERI MARIA JOSE VEGA 《Journal of sensory studies》1995,10(1):1-14
A method for the first step in the selection of trained sensory assessors, based on their skill in identifying basic tastes in low concentration solutions, was defined and evaluated. The solutions used were: 0.4 and 0.8% sucrose; 0.03, 0.04 and 0.06% citric acid; 0.08 and 0.15% sodium chloride; 0.02 and 0.03% caffeine. Concentration ranges were found adequate. The criterion for selection was to have over 65% correct answers. Out of 226 candidates who received the test, 141 (62%) were selected. The probability of a candidate having more than a certain percentage of correct answers was calculated. The influence of the dilution water quality on the perception of basic tastes was significant; distilled water was the most adequate. 相似文献