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31.
Mateos-Cáceres PJ López-Farré AJ Morata PC Ramos-Mozo P Macaya C Serrano FJ Moñux G 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》2008,86(7):431-437
The effect of pravastatin on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 was studied in explants of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) obtained from 13 patients. The effect of pravastatin on the apoptotic status of human AAA explants was also examined. Total MMP-9 content did not differ in human AAA explants incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of pravastatin (10-6 mol/L) for 48 h. TIMP-1 levels were significantly increased in pravastatin-incubated AAA explants, but TIMP-2 production was not modified by pravastatin. Western blot experiments showed that, whereas Bax expression was increased in pravastatin-incubated AAA explants, the expression of Bcl-2 was not modified. On the other hand, the ratio of the expression of Bax to Bcl-2, an apoptotic index, was not modified by pravastatin. In the human AAA explants, the increase in Bax expression, but not the increase in TIMP-1 expression elicited by pravastatin, was reversed by L-mevalonate, a downstream HMG-CoA reductase metabolite, suggesting that the expression of Bax and TIMP-1 followed HMG-CoA reductase-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. In conclusion, pravastatin increases both TIMP-1 and Bax expression in human AAA explants without changes in either MMP-9 activity or the apoptotic status. 相似文献
32.
In 1997–99 the occurrence ofFusarium spp. on winter wheat and the contamination with mycotoxins was investigated at three locations in the Rhineland, Germany. All cultivation methods investigated had an effect on the level ofFusarium infection, however, rainfall during flowering was the most important factor. The choice of cultivar and soil cultivation proved to be the most promising tools to reduce head scab severity and mycotoxin contamination. 相似文献
33.
Catimel B; Scott AM; Lee FT; Hanai N; Ritter G; Welt S; Old LJ; Burgess AW; Nice EC 《Glycobiology》1998,8(9):927-938
We describe a novel immobilization technique to investigate interactions
between immobilized gangliosides (GD3, GM1, and GM2) and their respective
antibodies, antibody fragments, or binding partners using an optical
biosensor. Immobilization was performed by direct injection onto a
carboxymethyldextran sensor chip and did not require derivatization of the
sensor surface or the ganglioside. The ganglioside appeared to bind to the
sensor surface by hydrophobic interaction, leaving the carbohydrate epitope
available for antibody or, in the case of GM1, cholera toxin binding. The
carboxyl group of the dextran chains on the sensor surface did not appear
to be involved in the immobilization as evidenced by equivalent levels of
immobilization following conversion of the carboxyl groups into acyl amino
esters, but rather the dextran layer provided a hydrophilic coverage of the
sensor chip which was essential to prevent nonspecific binding. This
technique gave better reactivity and specificity for anti- ganglioside
monoclonal antibodies (anti-GD3: KM871, KM641, R24; and anti-GM2: KM966)
than immobilization by hydrophobic interaction onto a gold sensor surface
or photoactivated cross-linking onto carboxymethydextran. This rapid
immobilization procedure has facilitated detailed kinetic analysis of
ganglioside/antibody interactions, with the surface remaining viable for a
large number of cycles (>125). Kinetic constants were determined from
the biosensor data using linear regression, nonlinear least squares and
equilibrium analysis. The values of kd, ka, and KAobtained by nonlinear
analysis (KAKM871 = 1.05, KM641 = 1.66, R24 = 0.14, and KM966 = 0.65 x
10(7) M- 1) were essentially independent of concentration and showed good
agreement with data obtained by other analytical methods.
相似文献
34.
Positive selection and sequence rearrangements generate extensive polymorphism in the gamete recognition protein bindin 总被引:27,自引:12,他引:15
Bindin is a gamete recognition protein of sea urchins that mediates
species-specific attachment of sperm to an egg-surface receptor during
fertilization. Sequences of bindin from closely related urchins show fixed
species-specific differences. Within species, highly polymorphic bindin
alleles result from point substitution, insertion/deletion, and
recombination. Since speciation, positive selection favoring allelic
variants has generated diversity in bindin polypeptides. Intraspecific
bindin variation can be tolerated by the egg receptor, which suggests
functional parallels between this system and other flexible recognition
systems, including immune recognition. These results show that polymorphism
in mate recognition loci required for rapid evolution of sexual isolation
can arise within natural populations.
相似文献
35.
The molecular evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase-related genes in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The DNA sequences of the Adh genes of three members of the Drosophila
melanogaster species subgroup have been determined. This completes the Adh
sequences of the eight species of this subgroup. Two species, D. yakuba and
D. teissieri, possess processed Adh pseudogenes. In all of the species of
the subgroup, a gene of unknown function, Adhr, is located about 300 bp 3'
to Adh. Although this gene is experiencing a higher rate of synonymous
substitution than Adh, it is more constrained at the amino acid level.
Phylogenetic relationships between all eight members of the melanogaster
subgroup have been analyzed using a variety of methods. All analyses
suggested that the D. yakuba and D. teissieri pseudogenes have a single
common ancestor, rather than evolving independently in each species, and
that D. melanogaster is the sister species to D. simulans, D. sechellia,
and D. mauritiana. The evolutionary relationships of the latter three
species remain equivocal.
相似文献
36.
David Macaya‐Sanz Myriam Heuertz Dorothea Lindtke Giovanni G. Vendramin Christian Lexer Santiago C. González‐Martínez 《Molecular ecology》2016,25(21):5330-5344
Asexual reproduction is a common and fundamental mode of reproduction in plants. Although persistence in adverse conditions underlies most known cases of clonal dominance, proximal genetic drivers remain unclear, in particular for populations dominated by a few large clones. In this study, we studied a clonal population of the riparian tree Populus alba in the Douro river basin (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) where it hybridizes with Populus tremula, a species that grows in highly contrasted ecological conditions. We used 73 nuclear microsatellites to test whether genomic background (species ancestry) is a relevant cause of clonal success, and to assess the evolutionary consequences of clonal dominance by a few genets. Additional genotyping‐by‐sequencing data were produced to estimate the age of the largest clones. We found that a few ancient (over a few thousand years old) and widespread genets dominate the population, both in terms of clone size and number of sexual offspring produced. Interestingly, large clones possessed two genomic regions introgressed from P. tremula, which may have favoured their spread under stressful environmental conditions. At the population level, the spread of large genets was accompanied by an overall ancient (>0.1 Myr) but soft decline of effective population size. Despite this decrease, and the high clonality and dominance of sexual reproduction by large clones, the Douro hybrid zone still displays considerable genetic diversity and low inbreeding. This suggests that even in extreme cases as in the Douro, asexual and sexual dominance of a few large, geographically extended individuals does not threaten population survival. 相似文献
37.
Christine B. Peterson Susan K. Service Anna J. Jasinska Fuying Gao Ivette Zelaya Terri M. Teshiba Carrie E. Bearden Rita M. Cantor Victor I. Reus Gabriel Macaya Carlos López-Jaramillo Marina Bogomolov Yoav Benjamini Eleazar Eskin Giovanni Coppola Nelson B. Freimer Chiara Sabatti 《PLoS genetics》2016,12(5)
The observation that variants regulating gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL) are at a high frequency among SNPs associated with complex traits has made the genome-wide characterization of gene expression an important tool in genetic mapping studies of such traits. As part of a study to identify genetic loci contributing to bipolar disorder and other quantitative traits in members of 26 pedigrees from Costa Rica and Colombia, we measured gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 786 pedigree members. The study design enabled us to comprehensively reconstruct the genetic regulatory network in these families, provide estimates of heritability, identify eQTL, evaluate missing heritability for the eQTL, and quantify the number of different alleles contributing to any given locus. In the eQTL analysis, we utilize a recently proposed hierarchical multiple testing strategy which controls error rates regarding the discovery of functional variants. Our results elucidate the heritability and regulation of gene expression in this unique Latin American study population and identify a set of regulatory SNPs which may be relevant in future investigations of complex disease in this population. Since our subjects belong to extended families, we are able to compare traditional kinship-based estimates with those from more recent methods that depend only on genotype information. 相似文献
38.
39.
L Alonso EC Souza MV Oliveira LFE do Nascimento PMS Dantas 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2014,31(4):267-270
The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic and environmental contribution to variation in aerobic power in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. The sample consisted of 20 MZ individuals (12 females and 8 males) and 16 DZ individuals (12 females and 4 males), aged from 8 to 26 years, residents in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The twins were assessed by a multistage fitness test. The rate of heritability found for aerobic power was 77%. Based on the results, the estimated heritability was largely responsible for the differences in aerobic power. This implies that such measures are under strong genetic influence. 相似文献
40.