Induction of ion transport in rat heart mitochondria by fluorescamine

This report describes experimental results which show that the fluorescent reagent fluorescamine induces mitochondrial energy-independent swelling when the incubation media contain the chloride salts of the cations Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. The reaction depends on the concentration of the dye and is inhibited by Mg2+, and its extension is closely related to the amount of the primary amino groups titrated by fluorescamine. Analysis of the labeled inner membrane in polyacrylamide gel shows that the amount of aminofluorescamine complex is lower when mitochondria are in the presence of Mg2+.     

Visualization of freeze-dried and shadowed myosin molecules immobilized on electron microscopic films

The mica replication technique first described by Hall [5] has produced myosin molecules which were heterogeneous in appearance in terms of shadowing, decoration, contrast and background. Therefore, an alternative technique for the visualization of myosin molecules was developed: Myosin molecules are sprayed directly onto glow discharged or silicium-monoxide coated carbon filmed grids, omitting glycerol. After washing several times with distilled water, rapid freezing, and freeze-drying, the immobilized myosin molecules are visualized by shadow-casting at low temperature and at varying angles. After backing with carbon the "in situ" shadowed molecules are observed in the electron microscope. This technique has several advantages over the standard method in that it yields more reproducible results. It is potentially useful for investigating interactions of myosin binding proteins with myosin and for visualizing unshadowed myosin in the STEM.     

与牛蒡矮化病相关的类病毒RNA I．类病毒RNA的提取和某些性质的测定

北京栽培的两年生或多年生植物绒毛牛蒡(Arctium tomentosum)和牛蒡(Arctium lappa)发生矮化病。在病叶组织及其提取物中未发现病毒颗料。从病叶组织中提取到两种低分子量核酸,核酸酶酶解试验表明它们是具有广泛破基配对的RNA。其中BSD-RNA-1的分子量为1．80—1．85 x 105,BSD-RNA-2为1．68x 105。经甲酰胺变性和单分子展层后,BSD-RNA-1和BSD-RNA-2都观察到了环状分子结构。上述性质都与已知的类病毒相似。两种类病毒的侵染性尚待进一步研究。     

异羟基洋地黄毒甙元(Digoxigenin)标记的RNA探针在丁型肝炎病毒核酸杂交中的应用

应用异羟基洋地黄毒甙元(Digoxigenin)标记的RNA探针,检测了人和黑猩猩血清及肝脏中丁型肝炎病毒核酸,并与~(32)P标记同一探针做了比较。结果表明,异羟基洋地黄毒甙元标记的RNA探针的杂交效果与同位索探针一致(同源cDNA0.2pg),可用于人和动物血清及肝脏标本内HDV核酸的检测。     

环境中细菌遗传工程性状的检测

遗传工程微生物(GEM)和其它遗传修饰微生物(GMO)的释放在许多国家受到法律限制,必须得到适当的管理当局的批准。在释放之前,要充分了解生物及其重组DNA在环境中的动向。监测GEM释放的必要性大多数有计划用于农业目的的释放、实验室污染或生物技术工厂设备的意外泄漏等很可能会导致一些GEM在环境中扩散。因此,在释放一种新的工程生物之前,必须了解其存活机率及其重组DNA在天然生     

废糖蜜糟的利用

浓缩废糖蜜糟(以下简称浓缩糟)是由甜菜废糖蜜生产乙醇、二氧化碳、食用酵母和饲料酵母后得到的最后产物。本文介绍用浓缩糟作为添加剂和微生物生长刺激剂的结果。酵母仅利用废糖蜜中干物质总含量的约60～65％。其余未被利用的35～40％的物质,以稀释状态转移到制取酵母后的废糟中;其中无机氮化物、甜菜碱、脂类、果胶、无氮浸出物、胶体、色素,有80～85％是由类黑精、焦糖,含铁的酚类化合物和糖的碱分解产物组成。此外,还有未被酵母利用的糖(0.05～0.1％)、氨基酸、有机酸(乳酸、乙酸等),维生素、微生物生命活动的代谢产物,以及未被分离的细胞体(2～3％)。废糟经浓缩后,干物质浓度由4～6％提高到45％,其中有机物质占55～60％,灰分占40～45％。废糟进一步脱水,灰分结晶、沉淀。具有无定形性的水溶性有机物粒子汇合到一起,变成凝胶,然后变为深     

酒精酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)ATCC36859 利用菊芋(Jerusalem artichokes)产生山梨糖醇和乙醇

这一研究表明了酒精酵母ATCC36859利用菊芋产生山梨糖醇和乙醇的可能性.从发酵的开始就有乙醇生成,而山梨糖醇的生成是在葡萄糖完全被消耗以后开始的.已经证明酵母膏和接种浓度对酵母产生山梨糖醇很重要.起始菌体浓度低,在纯J.a里不产生山梨糖醇,当汁液中补充3%的酵母膏时山梨糖醇的浓度为4.6%,当发酵终了,山梨糖醇、乙醇,菌体量分别为0.259,0.160和0.071.往J.a汁液中加葡萄糖,使其浓度达9%与加3%的酵母膏对乙醇的产生有积极作用,而延迟了山梨糖醇的产生,并且它的最终浓度比在培养基中没有加葡萄糖的少50%.生产过程中加葡萄糖比在发酵开始时加影响大.     

在含D-木糖的培养基上利用Petromyces albertensis的生长生产木糖醇

在含D-木糖培养基上培养Petromyces albertensis生产木糖醇和D—木酮糖,用高液相色谱鉴定其发酵产物.从含醋酸铵和酵母膏,初pH7.0的D-木糠培养基内获得了大量的木糖醇.木糖醇的大量产生及其酶相关的产物是在培养10天后进行观察的.D—木糖(100g/L)培养基中增补1%(V/V)甲醇,获得最高木糖醇产量为39.8g/L和D-木酮糖2.8g/L.