急性肾衰竭的病理生理学

对非特殊性急性肾衰竭(不包括由肾小球肾炎,肾血管疾病及间质性肾炎等特异性原因引起的急性肾衰竭)虽然进行了几十年的研究,但是对其病理生理学还不十分清楚。目前,有两种主要的看法:一种强调肾小管坏死是肾衰竭的主要原因,另一种强调血管收缩是其主要原因。这篇综述采用了动物和人体观察所得到的资料,对这些发病原理进行了分析。动物模型可作直接显微穿刺术,以得到广泛的资料,病人的研究资料虽然是片断和间接的,但仍值得注意,因为动物模型特别是肾缺血后型与人的急性肾衰竭并不一致。     

长效口服避孕药“复方炔雌醚”的遗传学效应——Ⅱ.对服药妇女生育情况的调查研究

在我们的“长效口服避孕药对服药者的细胞遗传学效应”这部分工作中已初步表明:长期应用甾体类激素避孕药,对服药者自身的淋巴细胞染色体没有产生具有临床意义的遗传学效应。但是对服药者下一代是否存在潜在的遗传学危险性,这是十分重要的,也是本文叙述的主要内容。     

Multiple Allele Approach to the Study of Genes in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER That Are Involved in Imaginal Disc Development

The phenotypes of five different lethal mutants of Drosophila melanogaster that have small imaginal discs were analyzed in detail. From these results, we inferred whether or not the observed imaginal disc phenotype resulted exclusively from a primary imaginal disc defect in each mutant. To examine the validity of these inferences, we employed a multiple-allele method. Lethal alleles of the five third-chromosome mutations were identified by screening EMS-treated chromosomes for those which fail to complement with a chromosome containing all five reference mutations. Twenty-four mutants were isolated from 13,197 treated chromosomes. Each of the 24 was then tested for complementation with each of the five reference mutants. There was no significant difference in the mutation frequencies at these five loci. The stage of lethality and the imaginal disc morphology of each mutant allele were compared to those of its reference allele in order to examine the range of defects to be found among lethal alleles of each locus. In addition, hybrids of the alleles were examined for intracistronic complementation. For two of the five loci, we detected no significant phenotypic variation among lethal alleles. We infer that each of the mutant alleles at these two loci cause expression of the null activity phenotype. However, for the three other loci, we did detect significant phenotypic variation among lethal alleles. In fact, one of the mutant alleles at each of these three loci causes no detectable imaginal disc defect. This demonstrates that attempting to assess the developmental role of a gene by studying a single mutant allele may lead to erroneous conclusions. As a byproduct of the mutagenesis procedure, we have isolated two dominant, cold-sensitive mutants.     

Phytochrome-mediated de Novo Synthesis of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase in Cell Suspension Cultures of Parsley

After a preirradiation with ultraviolet light, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum hortense Hoff.) is controlled by phytochrome (red/far red photoreversibility). Isopycnic CsCl density gradient centrifugation, after labeling with ¹⁵N (90 atom%) under inductive and noninductive conditions, was used to investigate the mode of action of phytochrome in this response. After a 5hour labeling period, a buoyant density shift of 0.009 kg·l⁻¹ (0.7%) without band-broadening (indicating close to maximal labeling of the enzyme), was observed in irradiated cells. In dark-grown controls, the density shift was 0.004 kg·l⁻¹ (0.3%), accompanied by significant band-broadening, indicating turnover of about half of the enzyme pool during 5 hours. These results are taken as evidence that phytochrome controls de novo synthesis of this enzyme over a background of basal turnover.     

Light sensitivity of na, rb, and k absorption by different tissues of bean leaves

Autoradiographs of ²²Na-loaded bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. `Brittle Wax') leaf slices showed that most of the tracer was concentrated in vascular tissue. Rubidium-86 was uniformly distributed in slices that had been incubated in darkness; after incubation in the light many small dark spots appeared on the autoradiographs, apparently corresponding with the stomata. Autoradiographs of ⁴²K-loaded slices showed a rather uniform distribution of the tracer, whether the slices had been incubated in light or in darkness.     

Solubilization of enzymes from glyoxysomes of maize scutellum

Glyoxysomes isolated from maize scutella (Zea mays L.) were subjected to several disruptive treatments (osmotic shock, resuspension in an alkaline medium, addition of detergent). The damaged glyoxysomes were centrifuged at 89,500g for 40 minutes and several enzymic activities (isocitratase, malate synthetase, catalase, citrate synthetase, malate dehydrogenase) were measured in the supernatant fraction and in the pellet. Isocitratase is the most easily released of all glyoxysomal enzymes closely followed by malate synthetase. Citrate synthetase is in all instances the most insoluble enzyme. All of the enzymes had higher specific activities in the supernatant than in the pellet. These findings suggest that in corn scutellum glyoxysomes none of these enzymes is truly membrane-bound.