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101.
The effects of natural, overwintering conditions on photosystem I and photosystem II activity were examined in isolated thylakoids of periwinkle (Vinca minor L.), an endemic, cold-tolerant, herbaceous evergreen. DCMU-Insensitive photosystem I activity (ascorbate/dichlorophenolindophenol → methylviologen) exhibited a twofold increase in light-saturated rates upon exposure to low temperature and freezing stress with no effect on the apparent quantum yield of this reaction. DCMU-Sensitive photosystem II activity (H2O → dichlorlophenolindophenol) exhibited only minor fluctuations in light-saturated rates but a 50% decrease in the apparent quantum yield of this reaction upon exposure to overwintering conditions. This was correlated with a decrease in the 77°K fluorescence emission at 694 nanometers. These functional changes occurred with no detectable changes in the relative chlorophyll contents of the chlorophyll-protein complexes or the chlorophyll-thylakoid protein. The chlorophyll a/b varied less than 10% during any single growth year. Analyses of total leaf extracts indicated that all lipid classes exhibited increased levels of linoleic and linolenic acid. Neither the trans-Δ3-hexadecenoic acid level nor the ratio of oligomeric:monomeric light harvesting of photosystem II was affected by exposure to winter stress. The content of the major chloroplast lipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidyl-diacyl-glycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol exhibited minor fluctuations, whereas phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine content doubled on a mole percent or chlorophyll basis. We conclude that the previously reported increase in photosystem I activity during controlled, low temperature growth is observed during exposure to natural overwintering conditions. This appears to occur with minimal changes in the structure and composition of the photosynthetic apparatus of periwinkle. 相似文献
102.
Stromal free calcium concentration and light-mediated activation of chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
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Light-mediated activation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) in intact spinach chloroplasts (Spinacia oleracea L.) is enhanced in the presence of 10−5 molar external free Ca2+. The most pronounced effect is observed during the first minutes of illumination. Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of light-induced Ca2+ influx, inhibits this Ca2+ stimulated activation. In isolated stromal preparations, the activation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is already enhanced by 2 minutes of exposure to elevated Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of physiological concentrations of Mg2+ and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Maximal activation of the enzyme is achieved between 0.34 and 0.51 millimolar Ca2+. The Ca2+ mediated activation decreases with increasing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate concentration and with increasing pH. The data are consistent with the proposal that the illumination of chloroplasts leads to a transient increase of free stromal Ca2+. In dark-kept chloroplasts the steady-state concentration of free stromal Ca2+ is 2.4 to 6.3 micromolar as determined by null point titration. These observations support our previous proposal that light-induced Ca2+ influx into chloroplasts does not only influence the cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+ but also regulates enzymatic processes inside the chloroplast. 相似文献
103.
From a variety of undifferentiated plant cell suspensions, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-dependent cells of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. Spanners Allzweck) produced large quantities of ethylene. The maximum rate was about 1 nanomole × gram fresh weight−1 × hour−1 during the exponential growth phase. The action of various compounds known to interfere with ethylene formation in plant tissue was studied in sunflower cell suspensions. The influence on ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), and N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) levels suggested that the final steps in ethylene synthesis resemble those of other plant systems. This makes sunflower cells suitable for analyzing the effects of biologically active compounds on cellular ethylene biosynthesis. In particular, plant growth retardants of the norbornenodiazetine and triazole type inhibited ethylene production of sunflower cells. On the other hand, the ACC level was considerably elevated while that of MACC did not change significantly. It is assumed that the conversion of ACC to ethylene catalyzed by the ethylene-forming enzyme was influenced. 相似文献
104.
Plasmalemma Redox Chain and H Extrusion: II. Respiratory and Metabolic Changes Associated with Fusicoccin-Induced and with Ferricyanide-Induced H Extrusion 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
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Ferricyanide reduction by Elodea densa leaves is associated with a release of protons in the cytoplasm, a fraction of the increase in protons being then extruded by the ATP-driven proton pump (20). The data presented here show that ferricyanide induces a marked increase in O2 uptake, additive to that induced by fusicoccin plus K+, and here interpreted as depending on the utilization of ATP by the H+ pump. Glucose 6-phosphate and malate levels are markedly increased by fusicoccin plus K+. The simultaneous presence of ferricyanide reduces by about 50% the increase of malate, while it completely suppresses that of glucose 6-phosphate. The ferricyanide-induced decrease of malate is interpreted as due to the acidification of the cytosol associated with ferricyanide reduction, while the more marked decrease of glucose 6-phosphate might depend in part on the pH change and in part on a faster oxidation of this substrate. In fact, ferricyanide reduction is accompanied by a marked decrease of the incorporation into RNA ribose of C-1 as compared with C-2 of [14C]glucose. This suggests a stimulation of the release of C-1 as CO2 at the level of the glucose 6-phosphate oxidation pathway, as expected if NADPH was the electron donor for ferricyanide reduction. These results are interpreted as confirming that the H+ efflux associated with ferricyanide reduction depends on the activation of the ATP-driven plasmalemma H+ pump. They also suggest that NADPH is used as an electron donor to some initial component of the plasmalemma redox system. 相似文献
105.
Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding maize nitrite reductase: molecular analysis and nitrate induction 总被引:9,自引:6,他引:3
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Complementary DNA has been isolated that codes for maize nitrite reductase (NiR) by using the corresponding spinach gene (E Back et al. 1988 Mol Gen Genet 212:20-26) as a heterologous probe. The sequences of the complementary DNAs from the two species are 66% homologous while the deduced amino acid sequences are 86% similar when analogous amino acids are included. A high percentage of the differences in the DNA sequences is due to the extremely strong bias in the corn gene to have a G/C base in the third codon position with 559/569 codons ending in a G or C. Using a hydroponic system, maize seedlings grown in the absence of an exogenous nitrogen source were induced with nitrate or nitrite. Nitrate stimulated a rapid induction of the NiR mRNA in both roots and leaves. There is also a considerable induction of this gene in roots upon the addition of nitrite, although under the conditions used the final mRNA level was not as high as when nitrate was the inducer. There is a small but detectable level of NiR mRNA in leaves prior to induction, but no constitutive NiR mRNA can be seen in the roots. Analysis of genomic DNA supports the notion that there are at least two NiR genes in maize. 相似文献
106.
Interaction of gravi- and phototropic stimulation in the response of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The influence of gravitropic stimulation upon blue-light-induced first positive phototropism for stimulations in the same (light source and center of gravity opposite to each other) and in opposing directions was investigated in maize cole-optiles by measuring fluence-response patterns. As a result of gravitropic counterstimulation, phototropic bending was transient with maximum curvature occurring 100 min after stimulation. On a horizontal clinostat, however, the seedlings curved for 20 h. Gravistimulation in the opposite direction acted additively upon blue-light curvature. Gravistimulation in the same direction as phototropic stimulation produced a complex behaviour deviating from simple additivity. This pattern can be explained by a gravitropically mediated sensitization of the phototropic reaction, an optimal dependence of differential growth on the sum of photo-and gravistimulation, and blue-light-induced inhibition of gravitropic curvature at high fluences. These findings indicate that several steps of photo-and gravitransduction are separate. Preirradiation with red light desensitized the system independently of applied gravity-treatment, indicating that the site of red-light interaction is common to both transduction chains.Abbreviations BL
blue light
- G+
stimulation by light and gravity in the same direction (i.e. light source and center of gravity opposite to each other)
- G-
stimulation by light and gravity in opposing directions 相似文献
107.
基因工程的目的之一是增加在细胞中所需的基因产物的表达量。首先用大量生产的宿主有大肠杆菌和一些其他的细菌。但是当细菌作为宿主时存在着几个问题,例如多肽糖基化缺陷、寄主蛋白酶造成的产物降解及缺乏分泌等。采用哺乳类动物细胞可排除上述问题,但要大量生产,仍然存在着许多与培养系统的复杂性及效率有关的问题。 相似文献
108.
在花粉母细胞减数第一分裂时期,对多花菜豆(Phaseolus coccineus L.)4个品种,菜豆(P.vulgaris L.)5个品种和菜豆变种[P.vulgaris var,baorigineus(Burk.)baudet]的一个收集样品的二价体次级联会(次级配对)进行了细胞学检查,同时也提供了一种评价观测到的联会程度和预期的随机联会程度之间的偏差统计学方法,发现次级配对的程序是高度显著的,对透射电子显微技术加以改进,并使之能够观察压片完整的花粉母细胞,显示出在次级联会的双价体之间发生有形的联结。 相似文献
109.
飞蝗复眼生理和结构上的节律变化 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
采用细胞内记录和光镜方法研究了飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)夜间和日间在暗适应和明适应状态下小网膜细胞角敏感度以及晶锥和小网膜细胞之间区域结构上的变化.结果表明小网膜细胞角敏感度的变化不仅仅由于晶锥周围主色素细胞色素颗粒的移动,而且也由于小眼感杆束结构上的节律变化. 相似文献
110.
图论在中国慈姑属数量分类研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
.黄德世;.钟扬;.陈家宽 《武汉植物学研究》1988,6(4):405-406
慈姑属(Sagittaria L.)是水生单子叶植物泽泻科(Alismataceae)的一个重要属。近年来,陈家宽等对中国慈姑属进行了系统研究。作者应用聚类分析和主成分分析进行了中国慈姑属的数量分类,取得了良好的效果。由于慈姑属分类性状数目较大,因而在压缩后的三维空间中描述分类群间的距离, 相似文献