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51.
In order to explore the relationship between the pollinator and pollination syndromes, and to evaluate the possibility of predicting likely pollinators based on pollination syndromes, the pollination biology of Paphiopedilum dianthum was examined. This species shares a close phylogenetic relationship, similar habit, and a recognizable syndrome of floral features (including helmet-shaped labellum, big dorsal sepal, and black warts or hairs on petals) with other brood-site deceptive Paphiopedilum species. According to the pollination syndrome concept, P. dianthum would be pollinated by hoverflies and attract pollinators with brood-site deception. Results were consistent with this prediction. Paphiopedilum dianthum was mainly pollinated by female hoverflies (Episyrphus balteatus), and these flies were indeed lured by the false brood-site on the orchid flower. It is suggested that the pollination syndrome may be correlated with pollination selective pressure, but not simply with pollinator species, and that accurate prediction requires consideration of all factors influencing floral characters, including habit and evolutionary history. 相似文献
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【目的】BhSGAMP-1 是迟眼蕈蚊唾液腺抗菌肽,为了能够更好的了解其分子特性,我们将其表达、纯化并进行了活性测定。【方法】依据大肠杆菌稀有密码子设计并合成了抗菌肽基因 BhSGAMP-1-S,以 pMAL-c2X 作为表达载体在大肠杆菌 TB1 中进行融合表达,融合蛋白通过麦芽糖亲和层析柱进行纯化,获得的融合蛋白经肠激酶切割后,混合物通过分子筛凝胶层析和反相高效液相色谱来获得单体重组抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,对获得的抗菌肽进行活性测定。【结果】在最优的表达条件下融合蛋白以可溶的形式表达,100 mL 诱导菌液经多步纯化后可得 0. 38 mg 的重组抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,抑菌活性测定表明所获得的抗菌肽对部分测试革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌有较强的抑菌活性。【结论】本研究第一次成功的在大肠杆菌中诱导表达了修饰合成的抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,纯化后的抗菌肽具有很好的抑菌活性,这为进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Vandecasteele M M S Royer S Belluscio M Berényi A Diba K Fujisawa S Grosmark A Mao D Mizuseki K Patel J Stark E Sullivan D Watson B Buzsáki G 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2012,(61):e3568
A major challenge in neuroscience is linking behavior to the collective activity of neural assemblies. Understanding of input-output relationships of neurons and circuits requires methods with the spatial selectivity and temporal resolution appropriate for mechanistic analysis of neural ensembles in the behaving animal, i.e. recording of representatively large samples of isolated single neurons. Ensemble monitoring of neuronal activity has progressed remarkably in the past decade in both small and large-brained animals, including human subjects. Multiple-site recording with silicon-based devices are particularly effective because of their scalability, small volume and geometric design. Here, we describe methods for recording multiple single neurons and local field potential in behaving rodents, using commercially available micro-machined silicon probes with custom-made accessory components. There are two basic options for interfacing silicon probes to preamplifiers: printed circuit boards and flexible cables. Probe supplying companies (http://www.neuronexustech.com/; http://www.sbmicrosystems.com/; http://www.acreo.se/) usually provide the bonding service and deliver probes bonded to printed circuit boards or flexible cables. Here, we describe the implantation of a 4-shank, 32-site probe attached to flexible polyimide cable, and mounted on a movable microdrive. Each step of the probe preparation, microdrive construction and surgery is illustrated so that the end user can easily replicate the process. 相似文献
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为了解决养牛业中粪便污染问题,本研究利用亮斑扁角水虻(黑水虻)来转化利用牛粪,探讨了饲养密度对新鲜牛粪的转化效率。本试验以亮斑扁角水虻为研究对象,选择设置每20.0 kg牛粪投入3500头、8750头、17500头4日龄幼虫3个处理密度,在每个密度日均1.0 kg等量饲喂条件下,分析亮斑扁角水虻幼虫百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、牛粪转化率指标的差异,探索一种适于亮斑扁角水虻幼虫处理新鲜牛粪的饲养密度。结果表明:百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪3个指标在3组处理之间都存在极显著差异。百虫重和粗脂肪两个指标和试验组密度情况在0.01的水平上显著负相关,但3个处理中转化率最高的为8750头的饲养密度。综合评价认为亮斑扁角水虻4日龄幼虫8750头/20.0 kg牛粪的投入量为实验范围内最佳饲养密度。 相似文献
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Wen Chih Chiang Chun Fu Lai Chi Ting Su Wei Hao Peng Ching Fang Wu Fan Chi Chang Yi Ting Chen Shuei Liong Lin Yung Ming Chen Kwan Dun Wu Kuo Shyan Lu Tun Jun Tsai 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Glomerular capillary remodeling is an essential process in the development of glomerular hypertrophy. Angiopoietins, which are important regulators in angiogenesis, plays a role in the development of glomerulus during embryogenesis. Here, we evaluated the influence of angiopoietin on glomerular components and hypertrophy after uninephrectomy in adult male BALB/c mice. The actions of angiopoietin 1 or 2 were systemically antagonized by the subcutaneous administration of antagonists. We observed that the angiopoietin system was activated after uninephrectomy, and that the blockade of angiopoietin 1 or 2 decreased the activation of the angiopoietin receptor—tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains-2—and attenuated the development of glomerular and podocyte hypertrophy. The increase in endothelial density staining (anti-CD31) following uninephrectomy was also reversed by angiopoietin 1 or 2 blockades. Glomerular basement thickness and foot process width were observed to decrease in the angiopoietin blockade groups. These changes were associated with the down regulation of the expression of genes for the glomerular matrix and basement membrane, including collagen type IV α1, collagen type IV α2, collagen type IV α5, and laminin α5. Thus, angiopoietin 1 or 2 may play an important role in the development of glomerular hypertrophy after uninephrectomy. A blockade of the angiopoietin system not only influenced the endothelium but also the podocyte, leading to diminished gene expression and morphological changes after uninephrectomy. 相似文献