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81.
Lisa Rafalson Trang H. Pham Steven M. Willi Marsha Marcus Ann Jessup Tom Baranowski 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(3):E328-E333
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) and to quantify its association with dysglycemia in an ethnically diverse group of eighth‐grade students.Design and Methods:
Data were collected in 2003 from a cross‐sectional study of students from 12 middle schools in three US states. Sex, race/ethnicity, and pubertal status were self‐reported. Anthropometric measures were recorded. Trained staff identified the presence and severity of AN by inspection of the back of the neck. Fasting and 2 h blood samples were analyzed for impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and high‐risk glycated hemoglobin (A1C), respectively, defined as ≥100 mg/dl, ≥140 mg/dl, and ≥ 5.7‐6.4%.Results:
Overall, 25.0%, 58.2%, and 16.8% were Black, Hispanic, and White, respectively. AN was present among 406/1,438 (28.2%) of students: 39% among Black, 30% among Hispanic, and 5.4% among White. IGT and high‐risk A1C were present among 2.1%, and 12.4%, respectively. In multivariate logistic modeling after adjusting for gender, family history of diabetes, BMI percentile, and pubertal staging, the presence (vs. absence) of AN was associated with a 59% increased likelihood of high‐risk A1C: (P = 0.04), twice the likelihood of IGT (P = 0.06), and 47% greater likelihood of IGT/IFG combined (P < 0.0001). Adjustment for insulin attenuated the ORs by 25‐70%.Conclusion:
In a racially/ethnically diverse sample of US adolescents, AN was common, occurring in 28% of the sample. AN was associated with a 50‐100% increased likelihood of dysglycemia even after consideration of established diabetes risk factors. 相似文献82.
Theresa S. Betancourt Robert T. Brennan Patrick Vinck Tyler J. VanderWeele Dayo Spencer-Walters Joshua Jeong Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith Phuong Pham 《PLoS medicine》2016,13(8)
BackgroundLittle attention has been paid to potential relationships between mental health, trauma, and personal exposures to Ebola virus disease (EVD) and health behaviors in post-conflict West Africa. We tested a conceptual model linking mental health and trauma to EVD risk behaviors and EVD prevention behaviors.ConclusionsIn post-conflict settings, past war trauma and mental health problems are associated with health behaviors related to combatting EVD. The associations between war trauma and both EVD risk behaviors and EVD prevention behaviors may be mediated through two key mental health variables: depression and PTSD symptoms. Considering the role of mental health in the prevention of disease transmission may help fight continuing and future Ebola outbreaks in post-conflict Sierra Leone. This sample is specific to Freetown and the Western Area and may not be representative of all of Sierra Leone. In addition, our main outcomes as well as personal EVD exposure, war exposures, and mental health predictors rely on self-report, and therefore raise the possibility of common methods bias. However, the findings of this study may be relevant for understanding dynamics related to EVD and mental health in other major capital cities in the EVD-affected countries of West Africa. 相似文献
83.
Avi Z. Rosenberg Michael D. Armani Patricia A. Fetsch Liqiang Xi Tina Thu Pham Mark Raffeld Yun Chen Neil O’Flaherty Rebecca Stussman Adele R. Blackler Qiang Du Jeffrey C. Hanson Mark J. Roth Armando C. Filie Michael H. Roh Michael R. Emmert-Buck Jason D. Hipp Michael A. Tangrea 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
84.
Junko Tanuma Kyu Ha Lee Sebastien Haneuse Shoko Matsumoto Dung Thi Nguyen Dung Thi Hoai Nguyen Cuong Duy Do Thuy Thanh Pham Kinh Van Nguyen Shinichi Oka 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Background
Although the prognosis for HIV-infected individuals has improved after antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up, limited data exist on the incidence of AIDS-defining opportunistic infections (ADIs) and mortality during ART in resource-limited settings.Methods
HIV-infected adults in two large hospitals in urban Hanoi were enrolled to the prospective cohort, from October 2007 through December 2013. Those who started ART less than one year before enrollment were assigned to the survival analysis. Data on ART history and ADIs were collected retrospectively at enrollment and followed-up prospectively until April 2014.Results
Of 2,070 cohort participants, 1,197 were eligible for analysis and provided 3,446 person-years (PYs) of being on ART. Overall, 161 ADIs episodes were noted at a median of 3.20 months after ART initiation (range 0.03–75.8) with an incidence 46.7/1,000 PYs (95% confidence interval [CI] 39.8–54.5). The most common ADI was tuberculosis with an incidence of 29.9/1,000 PYs. Mortality after ART initiation was 8.68/1,000 PYs and 45% (19/45) died of AIDS-related illnesses. Age over 50 years at ART initiation was significantly associated with shorter survival after controlling for baseline CD4 count, but neither having injection drug use (IDU) history nor previous ADIs were associated with poor survival. Semi-competing risks analysis in 951 patients without ADIs history prior to ART showed those who developed ADIs after starting ART were at higher risk of death in the first six months than after six months.Conclusion
ADIs were not rare in spite of being on effective ART. Age over 50 years, but not IDU history, was associated with shorter survival in the cohort. This study provides in-depth data on the prognosis of patients on ART in Vietnam during the first decade of ART scale-up. 相似文献85.
Songling?Bai Pham?Anh?Tuan Takanori?Saito Chikako?Honda Yoshimichi?Hatsuyama Akiko?Ito Takaya?MoriguchiEmail author 《Planta》2016,244(3):573-586
Main conclusion
Paper-bagging treatment can transform non-transcribed MdMYB1 - 2 and MdMYB1 - 3 alleles into transcribed alleles through epigenetic regulations, resulting in the red pigmentation of a normally non-red apple cultivar ‘Mutsu.’ Anthocyanin biosynthesis in apples is regulated by MdMYB1/A/10, an R2R3-Type MYB gene. ‘Mutsu,’ a triploid apple cultivar harboring non-transcribed MdMYB1-2 and MdMYB1-3 alleles, retains green skin color under field conditions. However, it can show red/pink pigmentation under natural or artificial ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light exposure after paper-bagging and bag removal treatment. In the present study, we found that in ‘Mutsu,’ paper bagging-induced red pigmentation was due to the activation of non-transcribed MdMYB1-2/-3 alleles, which triggered the expression of downstream anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in a UV-B-dependent manner. By monitoring the epigenetic changes during UV-B-induced pigmentation, no significant differences in DNA methylation and histone modifications in the 5′ upstream region of MdMYB1-2/-3 were recorded between the UV-B-treated fruit skin (red) and the fruit skin treated only by white light (green). In contrast, bag treatment lowered the DNA methylation in this region of MdMYB1-2/-3 alleles. Similarly, higher levels of histone H3 acetylation and trimethylation of H3 tail at lysine 4, and lower level of trimethylation of H3 tail at lysine 27 were observed in the 5′ upstream region of MdMYB1-2/-3 in the skin of the fruit immediately after bag removal. These results suggest that bagging treatment can induce epigenetic changes, facilitating the binding of trans factor(s) to MdMYB1-2/-3 alleles, resulting in the activation of these MYBs after bag removal.86.
Babesia divergens builds a complex population structure composed of specific ratios of infected cells to ensure a prompt response to changing environmental conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Jeny R. Cursino‐Santos Manpreet Singh Petra Pham Marilis Rodriguez Cheryl A. Lobo 《Cellular microbiology》2016,18(6):859-874
Babesia parasites cause a malaria‐like febrile illness by infection of red blood cells (RBCs). Despite the growing importance of this tick‐borne infection, its basic biology has been neglected. Using novel synchronization tools, the sequence of intra‐erythrocytic events was followed from invasion through development and differentiation to egress. The dynamics of the parasite population were studied in culture, revealing for the first time, the complete array of morphological forms in a precursor–product relationship. Important chronological constants including Babesia's highly unusual variable intra‐erythrocytic life cycle, the life span of each population of infected cells and the time required for the genesis of the different parasite stages were elucidated. Importantly, the maintenance of specific ratios of the infected RBC populations was shown to be responsible for the parasites' choice of developmental pathways, enabling swift responses to changing environmental conditions like availability of RBCs and nutrition. These results could impact the control of parasite proliferation and therefore disease. 相似文献
87.
88.
89.
In conifers, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the CYP720B family plays an important role in the synthesis of diterpene resin acids, which are specialised metabolites of the oleoresin defence. We isolated CYP720B19 from Pinus armandi and found that it belongs to the CYP720B family. The CYP720B19 open reading frame of 1467 bp encodes a protein of 488 amino acid residues with high similarity to abietadienol/abietadienal oxidase. Differential expression of the CYP720B19 gene significantly changed when plants were inoculated with the fungus Leptographium qinlingensis, mechanically wounded, or treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and Tween at 4 days and 8 days. Increased expression of the CYP720B19 gene after these treatments suggested that the gene was involved in pine defence against inoculation by L. qinlingensis, MeJa treatment and mechanical injury. 相似文献
90.
Michael A. Hardigan Emily Crisovan John P. Hamilton Jeongwoon Kim Parker Laimbeer Courtney P. Leisner Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero Linsey Newton Gina M. Pham Brieanne Vaillancourt Xueming Yang Zixian Zeng David S. Douches Jiming Jiang Richard E. Veilleux C. Robin Buell 《The Plant cell》2016,28(2):388-405