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排序方式: 共有238条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Dubreuil JD 《Current issues in molecular biology》2012,14(2):71-82
This review focuses on diarrhea caused by toxins released by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. These bacteria are known to produce toxins that have adverse effects on the intestinal tissue in Man and animals. E. coli is contracted through the ingestion of water or food contaminated by this bacterium. Generally, E. coli colonizes the intestinal mucosa where it multiplies and causes damage to the target cells or interferes with the homeostasis that prevails in the gastrointestinal tract. Enteropathogens such as E. coli are only able to exhibit their effects after colonization of the intestinal mucosa from where they release their toxins. These bacteria mainly affect chloride ions secretion through second messenger pathways resulting in secretory diarrhea. In this review, the association of bacteria with the gastrointestinal tract as pathogens and the resulting effects on the various systems of the intestine, including the nervous system and mediators leading to secretion and diarrhea are examined. 相似文献
92.
Linkage Disequilibrium between the Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3/Machado-Joseph Disease Mutation and Two Intragenic Polymorphisms, One of Which, X359Y, Affects the Stop Codon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
93.
Alexis?M.?Dubreuil Nicolas?BrunelEmail author 《Journal of computational neuroscience》2016,41(2):157-184
We investigate the properties of recently proposed “shotgun” sampling approach for the common inputs problem in the functional estimation of neuronal connectivity. We study the asymptotic correctness, the speed of convergence, and the data size requirements of such an approach. We show that the shotgun approach can be expected to allow the inference of complete connectivity matrix in large neuronal populations under some rather general conditions. However, we find that the posterior error of the shotgun connectivity estimator grows quickly with the size of unobserved neuronal populations, the square of average connectivity strength, and the square of observation sparseness. This implies that the shotgun connectivity estimation will require significantly larger amounts of neuronal activity data whenever the number of neurons in observed neuronal populations remains small. We present a numerical approach for solving the shotgun estimation problem in general settings and use it to demonstrate the shotgun connectivity inference in the examples of simulated synfire and weakly coupled cortical neuronal networks. 相似文献
94.
Preliminary survey of toxicity of the green algaCaulerpa taxifolia introduced into the Mediterranean
R. Lemée D. Pesando M. Durand-Clément A. Dubreuil A. Meinesz A. Guerriero F. Pietra 《Journal of applied phycology》1993,5(5):485-493
Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh (Ulvophyceae, Caulerpales) is an alga of tropical origin that was accidentally introduced into the Mediterranean sea in 1984, where this species can reach an abundance that has never been described in tropical endemic regions. It is known that caulerpacean algae can develop an efficient strategy against grazers consisting of the synthesis of repulsive of toxic secondary metabolites: we report here the first study of the toxicity of purified secondary metabolites and raw extracts fromC. taxifolia from the Mediterranean.Toxicity was evaluated on three models: mice (lethality), mammalian cells in culture (cytotoxicity) and sea urchin eggs (disturbance of cell proliferation). Aqueous extracts are only active on fibroblasts and mice. In the three toxicity models a seasonal variation of toxicity is observed for the crude methanol extract as well as a decrease of this activity whenC. taxifolia from the Mediterranean is kept in aquaria. Pure compounds exhibit different toxicity depending on the assay. 10,11-epoxycaulerpenyne is the most active substance on mice and fibroblasts whereas taxifolial A and D are inactive or only weakly toxic. Among the four tested compounds caulerpenyne, the major metabolite ofC. taxifolia, is the most active on sea urchin eggs. Caulerpenyne may therefore represent an ecological risk for microorganisms and the eggs of multicellular animals living close to this alga. The ecological impact of this toxicity on marine organisms and the interaction of this alga with the herbivorous fauna are discussed. 相似文献
95.
96.
Das A Base C Manna D Cho W Dubreuil RR 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2008,283(18):12643-12653
The spectrin cytoskeleton assembles within discrete regions of the plasma membrane in a wide range of animal cell types. Although recent studies carried out in vertebrate systems indicate that spectrin assembly occurs indirectly through the adapter protein ankyrin, recent studies in Drosophila have established that spectrin can also assemble through a direct ankyrin-independent mechanism. Here we tested specific regions of the spectrin molecule for a role in polarized assembly and function. First, we tested mutant beta-spectrins lacking ankyrin binding activity and/or the COOH-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain for their assembly competence in midgut, salivary gland, and larval brain. Remarkably, three different assembly mechanisms operate in these three cell types: 1) neither site was required for assembly in salivary gland; 2) only the PH domain was required in midgut copper cells; and 3) either one of the two sites was sufficient for spectrin assembly in larval brain. Further characterization of the PH domain revealed that it binds strongly to lipid mixtures containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) but not phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. A K8Q mutation in the lipid binding region of the PH domain eliminated the PIP(2) interaction in vitro, yet the mutant protein retained full biological function in vivo. Reporter gene studies revealed that PIP(2) and the spectrin PH domain codistribute with one another in cells but not with authentic wild type alphabeta-spectrin. Thus, it appears that the PH domain imparts membrane targeting activity through a second mechanism that takes precedence over its PIP(2) binding activity. 相似文献
97.
Rachel M. Sherrard Kirsty J. Dixon Joëlle Bakouche Jenny Rodger Yolande Lemaigre‐Dubreuil Jean Mariani 《Developmental neurobiology》2009,69(13):897-912
Correct neural function depends on precisely organized connectivity, which is refined from broader projections through synaptic/collateral elimination. In the rat, olivocerebellar topography is refined by regression of multiple climbing fiber (CF) innervation of Purkinje cells (PC) during the first two postnatal weeks. The molecules that initiate this regression are not fully understood. We assessed the role of cerebellar neurotrophins by examining tropomycin receptor kinase (Trk) receptor expression in the inferior olive and cerebellum between postnatal days (P)3‐7, when CF‐PC innervation changes from synapse formation to selective synapse elimination, and in a denervation‐reinnervation model when synaptogenesis is delayed. Trks A, B, and C are expressed in olivary neurons; although TrkA was not transported to the cerebellum and TrkC was unchanged during innervation and reinnervation, suggesting that neither receptor is involved in CF‐PC synaptogenesis. In contrast, both total and truncated TrkB (TrkB.T) increased in the olive and cerebellum from P4, whereas full‐length and activated phosphorylated TrkB (phospho‐TrkB) decreased from P4‐5. This reveals less TrkB signaling at the onset of CF regression. This expression pattern was reproduced during CF‐PC reinnervation: in the denervated hemicerebellum phospho‐TrkB decreased as CF terminals degenerated, then increased in parallel with the delayed neosynaptogenesis as new CFs reinnervated the denervated hemicerebellum. In the absence of this signaling, CF reinnervation did not develop. Our data reveal that olivocerebellar TrkB activity parallels CF‐PC synaptic formation and stabilization and is required for neosynaptogenesis. Furthermore, TrkB.T expression rises to reduce TrkB signaling and permit synapse elimination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009 相似文献
98.
Nelson JF da Silveira Helen A Arcuri Carlos E Bonalumi Fátima P de Souza Isabel MVGC Mello Paula Rahal Jo?o RR Pinho Walter F de Azevedo 《BMC structural biology》2005,5(1):1
Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) currently infects approximately three percent of the world population. In view of the lack of vaccines against HCV, there is an urgent need for an efficient treatment of the disease by an effective antiviral drug. Rational drug design has not been the primary way for discovering major therapeutics. Nevertheless, there are reports of success in the development of inhibitor using a structure-based approach. One of the possible targets for drug development against HCV is the NS3 protease variants. Based on the three-dimensional structure of these variants we expect to identify new NS3 protease inhibitors. In order to speed up the modeling process all NS3 protease variant models were generated in a Beowulf cluster. The potential of the structural bioinformatics for development of new antiviral drugs is discussed. 相似文献99.
WT Ismaya A Efthyani DS Retnoningrum X Lai BW Dijkstra RR Tjandrawinata 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2017,92(6):411-416
The light subunit of mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, tyrosinase (LSMT), has been identified as an extrinsic component of the enzyme. Its function is unknown, but it can cross an epithelial cell layer, which suggests that it can be absorbed by the intestine. A similar capability has been demonstrated for the HA-33 component of the progenitor toxin from Clostridium botulinum, which is the closest structural homolog of LSMT. Unlike HA-33, LSMT appears to be non-immunogenic as shown by preliminary tests in Swiss Webster mice. We investigated the immunogenicity and histopathology of LSMT in mice to determine its safety in vivo. LSMT did not evoke generation of antibodies after prolonged periods of intraperitoneal administration. Histopathological observations confirmed the absence of responses in organs after twelve weekly administrations of LSMT. We found that LSMT is not toxic and is less immunogenic than the C. botulinum HA-33 protein, which supports further research and development for pharmaceutical application. 相似文献
100.
MG Mullender NA Blom M De Kleuver JM Fock WMGC Hitters AMC Horemans CJ Kalkman JEH Pruijs RR Timmer PJ Titarsolej NC Van Haasteren Tol-de MJ Van Jager AJ Van Vught BJ Van Royen 《Scoliosis》2008,3(1):1-14