The vermiform larva of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål): Form and activity (Insecta,Orthoptera)

A detailed study of the vermiform larva of Schistocerca gregaria was made using film analysis in combination with morphological studies. The adaptations of the body are illustrated, and the use of these in digging up to the surface of the ground is described. The means of orientation were investigated, and unusual club-tipped hairs are suggested as important mechanoreceptors.Now Centre for Overseas Pest Research.     

Inheritance studies with inbred lines of maize having different activity levels of the AP 1 controlled acid phosphatase isozymes

Summary The genetic control of acid phosphatase-1 (AP ₁) activity in pollen of maize was studied by crossing inbred lines having different AP ₁ isozymes and different activity levels of the A P ₁ enzyme. Usually, the intensities of the SS and FF isozyme bands were not equal in pollen of A P ₁ ^S /A P ₁ ^F heterozygous F ₁ hybrids, but the relative intensities of the two bands were not correlated to the activity levels of the parental lines. The A P ₁ ^S /A P ₁ ^S and A P ₁ ^F /A P ₁ ^F F ₂ populations differed in their mean level of activity. Both populations showed segregation in the activity levels indicating single gene control. The intensity ratios of the SS and FF bands in the different heterozygous A P ₁ ^S /A P ₁ ^F F ₂ plants did not segregate. The results support the competition model for gene regulation proposed by Schwartz (1971).     

Fine structural studies of rat adrenal cortices following prostaglandin administration

Summary Histological and fine structural studies of adrenal cortices were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats which had been given intravenous injections of prostaglandin E₁ or E₂. It was found that there were increased numbers of intracellular lipid droplets, free ribonucleoprotein particles, cholesterol ester clefts and coated vesicles of both the small and large varieties. A reorganization of the internal mitochondrial membranes and the appearance of protrusions of parenchymal cytoplasm into the sinusoidal lumina accompanied by vasodilation were also observed. These alterations are not typical of those observed following exogenous ACTH administration and are therefore considered to be prostaglandin-induced. Supported in part by N.I.H. Grant AM-09561.     

Entwicklungsgeschichtliche Studien an Loasaceen-Blüten

Zusammenfassung Die Blüten vonLoasa triphylla, Blumenbachia hieronymi undCajophora lateritia sind sich in ihrer Ontogenese sehr ähnlich. Das Androeceum besitzt zehn Bildungszentren, fünf episepale und fünf epipetale: Die episepalen Bildungszentren liefern drei Primordien, die später gemeinsam zu einer Nektarschuppe hochwachsen; die epipetalen bestehen aus zwei sich zentrifugal entwickelnden Doppelreihen von zickzackförmig angeordneten Primordien, von denen das Anfangsglied jeweils zu einem Staminodium wird (Diagramm, Abb. 38).Ein völlig anderes Bild bietet das Androeceum vonMentzelia arborescens. Das Androeceum weist fünf episepale nicht gegeneinander abgrenzbare Bildungszentren auf. Alle Stamina sind fertil und werden in zentripetaler Folge angelegt (Diagramm, Abb. 18). Aus diesen und anderen Gründen wird vorgeschlagen, die Mentzelien aus den Loasaceae auszuschließen.

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Developmental studies on flowers of loasaceae

Summary The flowers ofLoasa triphylla, Blumenbachia hieronymi andCajophora lateritia have a very similar ontogeny. The androecium consists of ten complex organs, five in episepalous and five in epipetalous position. The episepalous organs are composed of three primodia, which later become a nectary; in the epipetalous complexes numerous primordia originate centrifugally in two zigzag-like double rows, in which the first member develops to a staminode, while the others become fertile stamens (see diagram Fig. 38).InMentzelia arborescens we can assume five episepalous complex organs, which are fused laterally. All stamens are fertile and originate in a centripetal sequence (see diagram Fig. 18). It is proposed to excludeMentzelia from the Loasaceae.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. L.Brauner zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

An Agent-Based Modeling Template for a Cohort of Veterans with Diabetic Retinopathy

Background

Agent-based models are valuable for examining systems where large numbers of discrete individuals interact with each other, or with some environment. Diabetic Veterans seeking eye care at a Veterans Administration hospital represent one such cohort.

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop an agent-based template to be used as a model for a patient with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This template may be replicated arbitrarily many times in order to generate a large cohort which is representative of a real-world population, upon which in-silico experimentation may be conducted.

Methods

Agent-based template development was performed in java-based computer simulation suite AnyLogic Professional 6.6. The model was informed by medical data abstracted from 535 patient records representing a retrospective cohort of current patients of the VA St. Louis Healthcare System Eye clinic. Logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors associated with advancing stages of DR. Predicted probabilities obtained from logistic regression were used to generate the stage of DR in the simulated cohort.

Results

The simulated cohort of DR patients exhibited no significant deviation from the test population of real-world patients in proportion of stage of DR, duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), or the other abstracted predictors. Simulated patients after 10 years were significantly more likely to exhibit proliferative DR (P<0.001).

Conclusions

Agent-based modeling is an emerging platform, capable of simulating large cohorts of individuals based on manageable data abstraction efforts. The modeling method described may be useful in simulating many different conditions where course of disease is described in categorical stages.     

Erfahrungen mit Spitzenmeristemkulturen von Pelargonien (Pelargonium zonale-Hybriden)

Six fungicides, namely Benlate (benomyl) methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate, 50%WP; Dithane M45 (mancozeb) 1,2-ethanediybis carbamodithioato (2-)manganese +1,2-ethanediybis, 20%Mn + 2.5%Zn; Delsene M, (carbendazim + maneb) methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate, 10% carbendazim + 60% maneb; Rovral (iprodione), 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2-4-dioxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamide, 50%WP; Cupravit (copper oxychloride) 3Cu(OH)₂ · CuCl 2 , 50%WP; and Ridomil (metalaxyl) methyl N-(2-methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl-DL-alaminate), 50%WP were evaluated for their efficacy in the control of brown blotch disease of bambara groundnut caused by Colletotrichum capsici (Syd) Butler and Bisby in field trials. Two of the fungicides, Benlate and Delsene M gave significantlty (P = 0.05) better control of the disease and consequently higher grain yield than the other treatments. The performance of Rovral, Dithane M-45 and Ridomil did not differ significantly from each other and Cupravit did not perform significantly better than the check treatment.     

Methode und Gerät zur Untersuchung des Wanderungsvermögens von Fritfliegenlarven

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Westhoff, P.; Jeske, H.; Jürgens, G.; Kloppstock, K.; Link, G.: Molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie. Vom Gen zur Pflanze. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York; 1996; 112 Abb., 19 Tab. ISBN 3–13–102021–0

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McIntosh, R.A.; Wellings, C.R.; Park, R.F.: Wheat rusts ‐ An atlas of resistance genes. 200 S., 119 Bildseiten, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 1995, 125,00 Dfl., ISBN 0–7923–3430–2

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Nultsch, W.: Allgemeine Botanik. 10. neubearbeitete erweiterte Auflage. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York. 1996, 602 Seiten, 234 Abb. in 525 Einzeldarstellungen, 19 Boxen. Glossarium mit 752 Stichworten. Preis 44,‐DM; ISBN 3–13–383310–3

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