全文获取类型
收费全文 | 65篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 4篇 |
2011年 | 2篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1934年 | 1篇 |
1929年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 下载免费PDF全文
This study investigates the evolutionary history of a hyperdiverse clade, the ant subfamily Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), based on analyses of a data matrix comprising 251 species and 11 nuclear gene fragments. Under both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods of inference, we recover a robust phylogeny that reveals six major clades of Myrmicinae, here treated as newly defined tribes and occurring as a pectinate series: Myrmicini, Pogonomyrmecini trib.n. , Stenammini, Solenopsidini, Attini and Crematogastrini. Because we condense the former 25 myrmicine tribes into a new six‐tribe scheme, membership in some tribes is now notably different, especially regarding Attini. We demonstrate that the monotypic genus Ankylomyrma is neither in the Myrmicinae nor even a member of the more inclusive formicoid clade—rather it is a poneroid ant, sister to the genus Tatuidris (Agroecomyrmecinae). Several species‐rich myrmicine genera are shown to be nonmonophyletic, including Pogonomyrmex, Aphaenogaster, Messor, Monomorium, Pheidole, Temnothorax and Tetramorium. We propose a number of generic synonymies to partially alleviate these problems (senior synonym listed first): Pheidole = Anisopheidole syn.n. = Machomyrma syn.n. ; Temnothorax = Chalepoxenus syn.n. = Myrmoxenus syn.n. = Protomognathus syn.n. ; Tetramorium = Rhoptromyrmex syn.n. = Anergates syn.n. = Teleutomyrmex syn.n. The genus Veromessor stat.r. is resurrected for the New World species previously placed in Messor; Syllophopsis stat.r. is resurrected from synonymy under Monomorium to contain the species in the hildebrandti group; Trichomyrmex stat.r. is resurrected from synonymy under Monomorium to contain the species in the scabriceps‐ and destructor‐groups; and the monotypic genus Epelysidris stat.r. is reinstated for Monomorium brocha. Bayesian divergence dating indicates that the crown group Myrmicinae originated about 98.6 Ma (95% highest probability density 87.9–109.6 Ma) but the six major clades are considerably younger, with age estimates ranging from 52.3 to 71.1 Ma. Although these and other suprageneric taxa arose mostly in the middle Eocene or earlier, a number of prominent, species‐rich genera, such as Pheidole, Cephalotes, Strumigenys, Crematogaster and Tetramorium, have estimated crown group origins in the late Eocene or Oligocene. Most myrmicine species diversity resides in the two sister clades, Attini and Crematogastrini, which are estimated to have originated and diversified extensively in the Neotropics and Paleotropics, respectively. The newly circumscribed Myrmicini is Holarctic in distribution, and ancestral range estimation suggests a Nearctic origin. The Pogonomyrmecini and Solenopsidini are reconstructed as being Neotropical in origin, but they have subsequently colonized the Nearctic region (Pogonomyrmecini) and many parts of the Old World as well as the Nearctic region (Solenopsidini), respectively. The Stenammini have flourished primarily in the northern hemisphere, and are most likely of Nearctic origin, but selected lineages have dispersed to the northern Neotropics and the Paleotropics. Thus the evolutionary history of the Myrmicinae has played out on a global stage over the last 100 Ma, with no single region being the principal generator of species diversity. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: BB6829C4‐DA79‐45FE‐979E‐9749E237590E . 相似文献
72.
Summary The relationship between chlorophyll content and photosynthesis as measured in whole leaves by CO2 uptake and by the component reactions of the electron transport chain of isolated chloroplasts, has been investigated. Leaves with a retarded chlorophyll formation, brought about by treatment with chloramphenicol, terramycin or by a low light intensity, were compared with control leaves (i) illuminated for a similar period of time, and (ii) with a similar chlorophyll content. There appeared to be no direct relationship between chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. It is suggested that CO2 uptake in low light treated leaves was limited by lack of enzymes, which are formed as a response to the supply of photosynthetic products. With terramycin and chloramphenicol the limiting factors may also be lowered enzyme levels, caused by specific protein synthesis inhibition. It is suggested that a component of Light System II required a high light intensity stimulation, and its formation was inhibited by chloramphenicol. The synthesis of a substance linking Light Systems I and II appears to be closely associated with chlorophyll formation, and could well be plastoquinone. Structural damage to the intermediate chain between Light Systems I and II is also apparently induced by chloramphenicol.The following abbreviations are used ADP
adenosine diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine triphosphate
- CMU
3 (3-chlorophenyl)-l, l-dimethylurea; DCIP dichlorophenol indophenol
- NADP
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- PMS
phenazine methosulphate
- TRIS
2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl propane-l, 3-diol
This work was supported by a Science Research Council studentship granted to R. J. Dowdell and submitted for the degree of Ph. D. of Bath University of Technology. 相似文献
73.
74.
THÉRÈSE VANDEN DRIESSCHE 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1976,5(2-3):119-126
The c-AMP content has been found to double when Acetabularia develop from 5–10 mm long to grown or almost full-grown algae.
The biological significance of this fact has been approached by studying the effects of drugs known to influence the intracellular c-AMP content on the development of Acetabularia. When grown in the presence of theophyllin or papaverin, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, the Acetabularia display a striking response during the exponential growth period; the final length, however, is not affected. Both substances increase the c-AMP content of the algea. Isoproterenol, which activates adenylate cyclase in many systems, also influences Acetabularia during the exponential growth period and, in addition, slightly affects cap formation.
The change in c-AMP content in the course of development and the effects of drugs influencing (theophyllin and papaverin) or likely to influence (isoproterenol) the c-AMP content of the algae suggest that this nucleotide plays a role at the time of intense growth.
The same phosphodiesterase activity has been found in the 5–10 mm and the 19–25 mm long algae, whereas two enzymes were found in cap-bearing Acetabularia.
The results are discussed as well as the involvement of c-AMP in the development of this alga. 相似文献
The biological significance of this fact has been approached by studying the effects of drugs known to influence the intracellular c-AMP content on the development of Acetabularia. When grown in the presence of theophyllin or papaverin, inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, the Acetabularia display a striking response during the exponential growth period; the final length, however, is not affected. Both substances increase the c-AMP content of the algea. Isoproterenol, which activates adenylate cyclase in many systems, also influences Acetabularia during the exponential growth period and, in addition, slightly affects cap formation.
The change in c-AMP content in the course of development and the effects of drugs influencing (theophyllin and papaverin) or likely to influence (isoproterenol) the c-AMP content of the algae suggest that this nucleotide plays a role at the time of intense growth.
The same phosphodiesterase activity has been found in the 5–10 mm and the 19–25 mm long algae, whereas two enzymes were found in cap-bearing Acetabularia.
The results are discussed as well as the involvement of c-AMP in the development of this alga. 相似文献