人类新基因WDR70的克隆及初步研究

运用基于基因组数据库的特定基因同源新基因的克隆策略得到一个人类新基因WDR70 ,该基因编码一个包含 12个WD4 0结构域的蛋白。WDR70的cDNA序列长 2 2 6 6bp ,预测编码蛋白含 6 30个氨基酸 ,理论分子量为 70× 10 3 u ,染色体定位为 17p13.1。以小鼠胚胎为模型进行整体原位杂交 ,结果显示WDR70基因在 8.5d小鼠胚胎中没有表达 ,而在 9.5d和 10 .5d的小鼠胚胎的脑部有特异表达。由此推断该基因对胚胎期脑部的发育有重要的影响。     

花生苗期耐盐性评价及耐盐指标筛选

评价鉴选耐盐品种对于盐碱地花生生产具有重要意义。采用盆栽试验,设置不同盐胁迫浓度,对200个花生品种(系)萌发至幼苗期通过出苗速度、植株形态和生物量等指标进行耐盐性系统评价。结果表明,随盐胁迫浓度的增加,出苗时间延长,植株形态建成抑制加重,物质积累减少。鉴选花生品种耐盐性强弱的适宜盐胁迫浓度为0.30%—0.45%,超过此浓度不能出苗。地上部形态和生物量可作为耐盐评价的首选指标,主根长和出苗速度可作为辅助指标用以判断花生品种的综合耐盐能力。200个品种(系)在不同盐胁迫浓度下均可分成高度耐盐型、耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型4组。耐盐品种数量随盐胁迫强度加大而下降,盐敏感品种数量则上升。0.15%浓度下200个品种全部出苗,4个类型品种数分别占供试材料的29.0%、39.0%、27.5%和4.5%;0.30%浓度下185个品种出苗,4个类型品种数分别占供试材料的5.5%、34.5%、23.5%和29.0%;0.45%浓度下107个品种出苗,4个类型品种数分别占供试材料的5.5%、5.5%、20.0%和22.5%。14个品种在各盐浓度胁迫下均表现耐性,10个品种在各盐浓度胁迫下均表现敏感,为花生耐盐机理研究及生产应用提供了不同类型材料。     

A new species of Viola L. (Violaceae) from South Anatolia

A new species of Viola L., Viola yildirimlii M. Dinç & Y. Bağcı sp. nov. from South Anatolia is described and illustrated. It is found on the rocky slopes of Aladağ National Park, in the county of Adana, south Turkey, at an elevation of 1800 m. It belongs to Viola , subsect. Viola , and is similar to the Turkish endemics Viola isaurica Contandr. & Quézel and V. kizildaghensis M. Dinç & Ş. Yıldırımlı. Diagnostic morphologic characters for a detailed discrimination from two similar taxa and other Turkish Eflagellatae species are discussed.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 141 , 477–482.     

中华绒螯蟹蜕壳生长及其与相关基因表达的关联分析

蜕壳是甲壳动物常见的生长发育现象,但对调控蜕壳与生长的内在机制尚缺乏足够了解。本研究在室内条件下,对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)一个蜕壳周期内的个体蜕壳与生长现象进行了连续观察,分析了2个蜕壳相关基因,即蜕皮激素受体基因(Ec R)和维甲类X受体基因(RXR),以及1个生长相关基因肌肉生长抑制素基因(MSTN)的表达及其与生长性状的相关性。结果发现,中华绒螯蟹在蜕壳后会出现一个跳跃式生长期,之后进入了一个缓慢持续上升过程,当营养物质积累到一定程度(肥满度达60%左右时)时启动下一次蜕壳;MSTN基因的表达与壳长(r=﹣0.450,P0.05)、壳宽(r=﹣0.410,P0.05)增长率呈显著负相关,而与肥满度呈显著正相关(r=0.450,P0.05),Ec R和RXR基因的表达与体重、壳长和壳宽的增长率均没有显著相关性;相对来说,MSTN在蜕壳后的表达量越高,则增重率越小;而Ec R和RXR在蜕壳后表达量越高,其增重率越大。本研究结果表明,中华绒螯蟹在蜕壳后其生长具有一定的规律性,肥满度可以作为衡量中华绒螯蟹体内营养积累启动蜕壳的指标,Ec R、RXR及MSTN基因表达与生长表型具有一定的相关性。     

放牧对黄河低阶地盐化草场土壤水盐空间异质性的影响

选定黄河低阶地地形大致相近的放牧草场与封育草场,按实地情况分别设置长770m（放牧）、370m（放牧）和240m（封育）3条样线,采用校正后的便携式WET Sensor以10m为间隔进行土壤水盐的分层（0～10cm,10～20cm）测定,并对其进行地统计学分析.结果表明：黄河低阶地盐化草场表层土壤水盐的变异系数和相关性高于下层,土壤水分的变异系数低于土壤盐分且层间的相关性较高;放牧使土壤水盐之间的相关程度增大,变异降低,且使土壤水分存在一定的冗余.所研究草场的土壤水盐表现为中等或强烈空间自相关,封育盐化草场水盐空间相关尺度的差异较小,而放牧草场则相反.持续放牧已经成为一种稳定影响盐化草场水盐空间分布的结构性因素,使盐化草场的水盐空间异质性减弱.盐生植物在草场内随机分布且不受放牧干扰,是封育盐化草场随机作用较强的最可能原因;而放牧草场内牲畜的啃食和践踏对盐生植物和土壤结构改变所形成的反馈作用大大降低了这些植物对水分特别是盐分的再分配,进而导致放牧草场水盐的含量趋于增大且分布格局趋于简单.     

Signaling networks regulating leukocyte podosome dynamics and function

Podosomes are ventral adhesion structures prominent in cells of the myeloid lineage. A common aspect of these cells is that they are highly motile and must to traverse multiple tissue barriers in order to perform their functions. Recently podosomes have gathered attention from researchers as important cellular structures that can influence cell adhesion, motility and matrix remodeling. Adhesive and soluble ligands act via transmembrane receptors and propagate signals to the leukocyte cytoskeleton via small G proteins of the Rho family, tyrosine kinases and scaffold proteins and are able to induce podosome formation and rearrangements. Manipulation of the signals that regulate podosome formation and dynamics can therefore be a strategy to interfere with leukocyte functions in a multitude of pathological settings, such as infections, atherosclerosis and arthritis. Here, we review the major signaling molecules that act in the formation and regulation of podosomes.     

裕固族血脂异常人群肠道菌群结构特征分析

探究生活在相同环境下的同一民族血脂异常人群与健康人群的肠道菌群差异,为血脂异常的精准预防和治疗提供参考。

收集甘肃肃南县裕固族血脂异常人群和健康人群粪便样本,提取细菌总DNA,通过16S rDNA高通量测序和生物信息学技术,分析2组人群肠道菌群的差异。

裕固族健康组人群肠道菌群分属26个门,73个纲,169个目,301个科,709个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有22个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群分属29个门,75个纲,280个目,304个科,702个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有15个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群与健康组间拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门水平以及F/B比值存在显著差异,Р＜0.05的差异物种有5个,Subdoligranulum、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group及Dialister与血脂水平呈负相关,Lachnoclostridium、Parasutterella与血脂水平呈正相关。

肃南县裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群结构与健康组存在差异,为下一步关联分析肠道菌群与血脂异常及环境因素提供了基础数据。

     

小鼠BTB/锌指结构新基因Bsg6的克隆及表达谱分析

Bsg6 (brain specific gene 6) 是用消减差异筛选的方法克隆的小鼠头部特异表达 新基因. Bsg6基因cDNA长3 871 bp,编码一个670个氨基酸残基的蛋白,GenBank 登录号AY635051,位于小鼠第4号染色体,由2个外显子构成. Bsg6蛋白含有一个N端BTB（Broad complex, Tramtrack, and Bric a brac）结构域和两个C端C２Ｈ２型锌指结构域. 小鼠Bsg6蛋白与其在人类和鸡中同源蛋白的同源性分别为86.2%和79.1%. Bsg6在小鼠胚胎中的表达具有一定动态性,在E8.5的小鼠胚胎中,Bsg6主要在前脑和神经管表达. 在E9.5的小鼠胚胎中,Bsg6的表达明显增强并主要集中在前脑的端脑部. Bsg6在E10.5小鼠胚胎端脑的表达出现了下降,但是在中脑和后脑的表达增加,此外,Bsg6 mRNA的表达还出现在肢芽和尾部. 在HH10期的鸡胚中,Bsg6主要在头部和神经管前端表达. Northern杂交结果显示,Bsg6在很多小鼠成体组织中没有表达,但是在破骨细胞瘤中高表达. Bsg6的表达谱提示,Bsg6可能是在器官形成期对脑的发育起到重要作用的转录因子,而且其表达受到严格的调控,此外Bsg6还能与肿瘤的发生有关.     

The chemotactic defect in wiskott-Aldrich syndrome macrophages is due to the reduced persistence of directional protrusions

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is an actin nucleation promoting factor that is required for macrophages to directionally migrate towards various chemoattractants. The chemotaxis defect of WASp-deficient cells and its activation by Cdc42 in vivo suggest that WASp plays a role in directional sensing, however, its precise role in macrophage chemotaxis is still unclear. Using shRNA-mediated downregulation of WASp in the murine monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW/LR5 (shWASp), we found that WASp was responsible for the initial wave of actin polymerization in response to global stimulation with CSF-1, which in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and carcinoma cells has been correlated with the ability to migrate towards chemoattractants. Real-time monitoring of shWASp cells, as well as WASp^−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), in response to a CSF-1 gradient revealed that the protrusions from WASp-deficient cells were directional, showing intact directional sensing. However, the protrusions from WASp-deficient cells demonstrated reduced persistence compared to their respective control shRNA and wild-type cells. Further examination showed that tyrosine phosphorylation of WASp was required for both the first wave of actin polymerization following global CSF-1 stimulation and proper directional responses towards CSF-1. Importantly, the PI3K, Rac1 and WAVE2 proteins were incorporated normally in CSF-1 – elicited protrusions in the absence of WASp, suggesting that membrane protrusion driven by the WAVE2 complex signaling is intact. Collectively, these results suggest that WASp and its phosphorylation play critical roles in coordinating the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements necessary for the persistence of protrusions required for directional migration of macrophages towards CSF-1.