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111.
112.
Dorothy M. Morr Mark Sweeting D. James Morr 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1998,711(1-2)
The partitioning behaviour of a drug (capsaicin)-responsive NADH oxidase (tNOX) activity released from HeLa ceIls by low pH treatment followed by heat and proteinase K was determined. When partitioned in a standard 6.4% PEG 3350/6.4% dextran T-500 two-phase system, the bulk of the tNOX activity was in the dextran-rich lower phase. The activity was inhibited by and bound to the triazine dye, Cibacron blue. Affinity partition, where the Cibacron blue was coupled to amino PEG 5000 and added to the first two-phase separation step, resulted in the partitioning of activity to the upper PEG phase. A second partition with PEG-salts resulted in the release of the tNOX from the Cibacron blue–amino PEG enriched phase into the salt-enriched lower phase. The phase-purified protein exhibited anomalous behavior and tended to multimerize in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) prior to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Multimerization appeared to be enhanced by PEG. The multimerization was enhanced with the reduced protein in the presence of detergent prior to SDS–PAGE. In addition, the activity was precipitated by PEG 8000 at concentrations between 6 and 30% by weight. In the presence of or after exposure to PEG 3350 or PEG 8000, the protein could not be detected by Western blot analysis after SDS–PAGE suggesting that the protein failed to enter the gel even though other HeLa cell surface proteins were unaffected. The anomalous multimerization behavior has thus far precluded the use of phase partition as a practical purification step for the oxidase. 相似文献
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Barth W. Wright Kristin A. Wright Janine Chalk Michele P. Verderane Dorothy Fragaszy Elisabetta Visalberghi Patricia Izar Eduardo B. Ottoni Paul Constantino Christopher Vinyard 《American journal of physical anthropology》2009,140(4):687-699
The genus Cebus is one of the best extant models for examining the role of fallback foods in primate evolution. Cebus includes the tufted capuchins, which exhibit skeletal features for the exploitation of hard and tough foods. Paradoxically, these seemingly “specialized” taxa belong to the most ubiquitous group of closely related primates in South America, thriving in a range of different habitats. This appears to be a consequence of their ability to exploit obdurate fallback foods. Here we compare the toughness of foods exploited by two tufted capuchin species at two ecologically distinct sites; C. apella in a tropical rainforest, and C. libidinosus in a cerrado forest. We include dietary data for one untufted species (C. olivaceus) to assess the degree of difference between the tufted species. These data, along with information on skeletal morphology, are used to address whether or not a fallback foraging species exhibits a given suite of morphological and behavioral attributes, regardless of habitat. Both tufted species ingest and masticate a number of exceedingly tough plant tissues that appear to be used as fallback resources, however, C. libidinosus has the toughest diet both in terms of median and maximal values. Morphologically, C. libidinosus is intermediate in absolute symphyseal and mandibular measurements, and in measures of postcranial robusticity, but exhibits a higher intermembral index than C. apella. We propose that this incongruence between dietary toughness and skeletal morphology is the consequence of C. libidinosus' use of tools while on the ground for the exploitation of fallback foods. Am J Phys Anthropol 140:687–699, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Hilary K. Hsu Todd T. Brown Xiuhong Li Stephen Young Ross D. Cranston Gypsyamber D’Souza Lisa P. Jacobson Otoniel Martínez-Maza Eric C. Seaberg Joseph B. Margolick Frank J. Jenkins Matthew G. Moran Kristofer Chua Robert K. Bolan Roger Detels Dorothy J. Wiley 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 cause invasive cervical cancer and most invasive anal cancers (IACs). Overall, IAC rates are highest among men who have sex with men (MSM), especially MSM with HIV infection. Testosterone is prescribed for men showing hypogonadism and HIV-related wasting. While there are direct and indirect physiological effects of testosterone in males, its role in anal HPV16/18 infections in men is unknown.Methods
Free testosterone (FT) was measured in serum from 340 Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants who were tested for anal HPV16/18-DNA approximately 36 months later. The effect of log10-transformed current FT level on anal HPV16/18 prevalence was modeled using Poisson regression with robust error variance. Multivariate models controlled for other HPV types, cumulative years of exogenous testosterone use, race, age, lifetime number of receptive anal intercourse partnerships, body mass index, tobacco smoking, HIV-infection and CD4+ T-cell counts among HIV-infected, and blood draw timing.Results
Participants were, on average, 60 (+5.4) years of age, White (86%), and HIV-uninfected (56%); Twenty-four percent tested positive for anal HPV16 and/or 18-DNA (HPV16 prevalence=17.1%, HPV18=9.1%). In adjusted analysis, each half-log10 increase of FT was associated with a 1.9-fold (95% Confidence Interval: 1.11, 3.24) higher HPV16/18 prevalence. Additionally, other Group 1 high-risk HPVs were associated with a 1.56-fold (1.03, 2.37) higher HPV16/18 prevalence. Traditional risk factors for HPV16/18 infection (age, tobacco smoking; lifetime number of sexual partners, including the number of receptive anal intercourse partnerships within 24 months preceding HPV testing) were poorly correlated with one another and not statistically significantly associated with higher prevalence of HPV16/18 infection in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.Conclusions
Higher free testosterone was associated with increased HPV16/18 prevalence measured approximately three years later, independent of sexual behavior and other potential confounders. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear and warrant further study. 相似文献117.
118.
Effective vision for action and effective management of concurrent spatial relations underlie skillful manipulation of objects, including hand tools, in humans. Children’s performance in object insertion tasks (fitting tasks) provides one index of the striking changes in the development of vision for action in early life. Fitting tasks also tap children’s ability to work with more than one feature of an object concurrently. We examine young children’s performance on fitting tasks in two and three dimensions and compare their performance with the previously reported performance of adult individuals of two species of nonhuman primates on similar tasks. Two, three, and four year-old children routinely aligned a bar-shaped stick and a cross-shaped stick but had difficulty aligning a tomahawk-shaped stick to a matching cut-out. Two year-olds were especially challenged by the tomahawk. Three and four year-olds occasionally held the stick several inches above the surface, comparing the stick to the surface visually, while trying to align it. The findings suggest asynchronous development in the ability to use vision to achieve alignment and to work with two and three spatial features concurrently. Using vision to align objects precisely to other objects and managing more than one spatial relation between an object and a surface are already more elaborated in two year-old humans than in other primates. The human advantage in using hand tools derives in part from this fundamental difference in the relation between vision and action between humans and other primates. 相似文献
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Hye-Kyeong Kim Mary Anne Della-Fera Dorothy B. Hausman Clifton A. Baile 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2010,66(3):197-203
Clenbuterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) selective agonist, has been shown to decrease body fat in animals and can induce apoptosis in adipose tissue in mice.
We hypothesized that direct actions of a β-adrenergic receptor agonist on adipocytes could trigger the observed apoptotic
effect. The hypothesis was inspected by investigating the direct effect of clenbuterol on apoptosis, adipogenesis, and lipolysis
in vitro using the 3T3-L1 cell line and rat primary adipocytes. Cells were treated with 10−9 to 10−5 M clenbuterol depending on the experiments. There was no apoptotic effect of clenbuterol both in 3T3-L1 cells and rat primary
adipocytes. Adipogenesis monitored by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed™ assay was modestly decreased by clenbuterol treatment
(p < 0.05). In fully differentiated primary adipocytes, clenbuterol increased basal lipolysis compared with the control (p < 0.01). In summary, direct stimulation of β2-AR by clenbuterol does not cause apoptosis in adipocytes, despite a direct lipolytic stimulation and attenuation of adipogenesis. 相似文献