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排序方式: 共有139条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
61.
Zea mays was incubated with the natural phytotoxin benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) to investigate the detoxification process. A hitherto unknown detoxification product, 1-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-beta-gentiobioside 1,2-carbamate (3), was isolated and identified. A reinvestigation of known BOA detoxification products by NMR methods led to the finding that the structure of benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one-N-beta-glucoside (1) first reported from Avena sativa has to be revised. In fact, the correct structure is that of the isomeric 1-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-beta-glucoside 1,2-carbamate 2, which is structurally related to 3. It was now shown with a synthetic mixture of 1 and 2 that 1 underwent spontaneous isomerization to form 2 in solution. Thus, N-glucosylation of BOA in the plant led finally to the carbamate 2. In contrast to BOA-6-O-glucosylation, BOA-induced N-glucosylation appears first after 6-8 h of incubation. As soon as N-glucosylation is possible, BOA-6-O-glucoside is not further accumulated, whereas the amount of glucoside carbamate increases continuously during the next 40 h. Synthesis of gentiobioside carbamate seems to be a late event in BOA detoxification. All detoxification products are released into the environment via root exudation. 相似文献
62.
63.
Molecular interactions position Mso1p, a novel PTB domain homologue, in the interface of the exocyst complex and the exocytic SNARE machinery in yeast
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Knop M Miller KJ Mazza M Feng D Weber M Keränen S Jäntti J 《Molecular biology of the cell》2005,16(10):4543-4556
In this study, we have analyzed the association of the Sec1p interacting protein Mso1p with the membrane fusion machinery in yeast. We show that Mso1p is essential for vesicle fusion during prospore membrane formation. Green fluorescent protein-tagged Mso1p localizes to the sites of exocytosis and at the site of prospore membrane formation. In vivo and in vitro experiments identified a short amino-terminal sequence in Mso1p that mediates its interaction with Sec1p and is needed for vesicle fusion. A point mutation, T47A, within the Sec1p-binding domain abolishes Mso1p functionality in vivo, and mso1T47A mutant cells display specific genetic interactions with sec1 mutants. Mso1p coimmunoprecipitates with Sec1p, Sso1/2p, Snc1/2p, Sec9p, and the exocyst complex subunit Sec15p. In sec4-8 and SEC4I133 mutant cells, association of Mso1p with Sso1/2p, Snc1/2p, and Sec9p is affected, whereas interaction with Sec1p persists. Furthermore, in SEC4I133 cells the dominant negative Sec4I133p coimmunoprecipitates with Mso1p-Sec1p complex. Finally, we identify Mso1p as a homologue of the PTB binding domain of the mammalian Sec1p binding Mint proteins. These results position Mso1p in the interface of the exocyst complex, Sec4p, and the SNARE machinery, and reveal a novel layer of molecular conservation in the exocytosis machinery. 相似文献
64.
Kollewe C Mackensen AC Neumann D Knop J Cao P Li S Wesche H Martin MU 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(7):5227-5236
The interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) is an important adapter in the signaling complex of the Toll/interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor family. Formation of the signaling IL-1 receptor complex results in the activation and hyperphosphorylation of IRAK-1, which leads to a pronounced shift of its apparent molecular mass in gel electrophoresis. Presently, the individual residues phosphorylated in IRAK-1 and the consequences for IRAK-1 function are unknown. We define sequential phosphorylation steps in IRAK-1, which are, in vitro, autophosphorylation. First, IRAK-1 is phosphorylated at Thr209. By fluorescence energy transfer experiments, we demonstrate that Thr209 phosphorylation results in a conformational change of the kinase domain, permitting further phosphorylations to take place. Substitution of Thr209 by alanine results in a kinase-inactive IRAK-1. Second, Thr387 in the activation loop is phosphorylated, leading to full enzymatic activity. Third, IRAK-1 autophosphorylates several times in the proline-, serine-, and threonine-rich ProST region between the N-terminal death domain and kinase domain. Hyperphosphorylation of this region leads to dissociation of IRAK-1 from the upstream adapters MyD88 and Tollip but leaves its interaction with the downstream adapter TRAF6 unaffected. This identifies IRAK-1 as a novel type of adapter protein, which employs its own kinase activity to introduce negative charges adjacent to the protein interaction domain, which anchors IRAK-1 at the active receptor complex. Thus, IRAK-1 regulates its own availability as an adapter molecule by sequential autophosphorylation. 相似文献
65.
Spore number control and breeding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a key role for a self-organizing system
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Taxis C Keller P Kavagiou Z Jensen LJ Colombelli J Bork P Stelzer EH Knop M 《The Journal of cell biology》2005,171(4):627-640
Spindle pole bodies (SPBs) provide a structural basis for genome inheritance and spore formation during meiosis in yeast. Upon carbon source limitation during sporulation, the number of haploid spores formed per cell is reduced. We show that precise spore number control (SNC) fulfills two functions. SNC maximizes the production of spores (1-4) that are formed by a single cell. This is regulated by the concentration of three structural meiotic SPB components, which is dependent on available amounts of carbon source. Using experiments and computer simulation, we show that the molecular mechanism relies on a self-organizing system, which is able to generate particular patterns (different numbers of spores) in dependency on one single stimulus (gradually increasing amounts of SPB constituents). We also show that SNC enhances intratetrad mating, whereby maximal amounts of germinated spores are able to return to a diploid lifestyle without intermediary mitotic division. This is beneficial for the immediate fitness of the population of postmeiotic cells. 相似文献
66.
R H Knop C W Chen J B Mitchell A Russo S McPherson J S Cohen 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1984,804(3):275-284
Levels of ATP and Pi in metabolically active Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts were monitored noninvasively by 31P-NMR over many hours and under a variety of conditions. The cells were embedded in a matrix of agarose gel in the form of fine threads which were continuously perfused in a standard NMR tube. The small diameter of the thread allows rapid diffusion of metabolites and drugs into the cells. The changes in ATP and Pi levels were followed as a function of time in response to perfusion with a glucose-containing medium, with isotonic saline and with a medium containing 2,4-dinitrophenol, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. This gel-thread perfusion method should enable routine NMR studies of cellular metabolism, and may have other potential biological applications. 相似文献
67.
Rabitsch KP Tóth A Gálová M Schleiffer A Schaffner G Aigner E Rupp C Penkner AM Moreno-Borchart AC Primig M Esposito RE Klein F Knop M Nasmyth K 《Current biology : CB》2001,11(13):1001-1009
BACKGROUND: Meiosis is the process by which gametes are generated with half the ploidy of somatic cells. This reduction is achieved by three major differences in chromosome behavior during meiosis as compared to mitosis: the production of chiasmata by recombination, the protection of centromere-proximal sister chromatid cohesion, and the monoorientation of sister kinetochores during meiosis I. Mistakes in any of these processes lead to chromosome missegregation. RESULTS: To identify genes involved in meiotic chromosome behavior in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we deleted 301 open reading frames (ORFs) which are preferentially expressed in meiotic cells according to microarray gene expression data. To facilitate the detection of chromosome missegregation mutants, chromosome V of the parental strain was marked by GFP. Thirty-three ORFs were required for the formation of wild-type asci, eight of which were needed for proper chromosome segregation. One of these (MAM1) is essential for the monoorientation of sister kinetochores during meiosis I. Two genes (MND1 and MND2) are implicated in the recombination process and another two (SMA1 and SMA2) in prospore membrane formation. CONCLUSIONS: Reverse genetics using gene expression data is an effective method for identifying new genes involved in specific cellular processes. 相似文献
68.
Integrative, centromeric, and episomal plasmids are essential for easy, fast, and reliable genetic manipulation of yeast. We constructed a system of shuttle vectors based on the widely used plasmids of the pRS series. We used genes conferring resistance to Geneticin (kanMX4), nourseothricin (natNT2), and hygromycin B (hphNT1) as markers. The centromeric and episomal plasmids that we constructed can be used the same way as the traditional auxotrophic marker-based shuttle vectors (pRS41x and pRS42x series). Additionally, we created a set of nine yeast integrative vectors with the three dominant markers. These plasmids allow for direct integration in the LEU2, URA3, and HIS3 locus of any yeast strain and the concomitant partial deletion of the gene. This prevents multiple integrations and allows for the rapid identification of correct integrants. The set of new vectors considerably enhances the flexibility of genetic manipulations and gene expression in yeast. Most notably, the new vectors allow one to work with natural yeast isolates, which do not contain auxotrophic markers. 相似文献
69.
Jelle Knop Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian Joëls Rixt van der Veen 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2020,19(7)
The differential susceptibility hypothesis proposes that individuals who are more susceptible to the negative effects of adverse rearing conditions may also benefit more from enriched environments. Evidence derived from human experiments suggests the lower efficacy dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 7‐repeat as a main factor in exhibiting these for better and for worse characteristics. However, human studies lack the genetic and environmental control offered by animal experiments, complicating assessment of causal relations. To study differential susceptibility in an animal model, we exposed Drd4+/? mice and control litter mates to a limited nesting/bedding (LN), standard nesting (SN) or communal nesting (CN) rearing environment from postnatal day (P) 2‐14. Puberty onset was examined from P24 to P36 and adult females were assessed on maternal care towards their own offspring. In both males and females, LN reared mice showed a delay in puberty onset that was partly mediated by a reduction in body weight at weaning, irrespective of Drd4 genotype. During adulthood, LN reared females exhibited characteristics of poor maternal care, whereas dams reared in CN environments showed lower rates of unpredictability towards their own offspring. Differential susceptibility was observed only for licking/grooming levels of female offspring towards their litter; LN reared Drd4+/? mice exhibited the lowest and CN reared Drd4+/? mice the highest levels of licking/grooming. These results indicate that both genetic and early‐environmental factors play an important role in shaping maternal care of the offspring for better and for worse. 相似文献
70.
Dan Liu Kai Hu Stefan St?rk Sebastian Herrmann Bastian Kramer Maja Cikes Philipp Daniel Gaudron Stefan Knop Georg Ertl Bart Bijnens Frank Weidemann 《PloS one》2014,9(12)