红豆杉内生真菌次生代谢物的分离鉴定及其抗菌活性 分析

以产紫杉醇类化合物的云南红豆杉内生真菌12.3.2为目标菌株,对其次生代谢物进行分离鉴定和抗菌活性研究。通过硅胶柱层析,共分离得到3个主要成分,红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱等光谱解析鉴定其分别为松柏烯、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、油酸乙酯。生物活性试验表明3种化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色链球菌这5种致病菌都有一定的抑制作用。其中松柏烯对金黄色葡球菌、枯草杆菌和白色念珠菌有较强的抑制作用。松柏烯是首次报道从植物内生真菌次生代谢物中分离得到,这为松柏烯的来源开辟了一条重要的途径,同时也为松柏烯的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

Depletion but Activation of CD56dimCD16+ NK Cells in Acute Infection with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

Virologica Sinica - Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with high mortality (12%–30%). The mechanism by which the SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV)...     

药用植物穿心莲离体培养技术及其应用研究进展

穿心莲为我国重要的南药之一,用于清热解毒、凉血消肿,其主要活性成分穿心莲内酯具有抗癌、抗HIV病毒、抗炎、保肝等功效。然而,穿心莲内酯人工合成难度较大,主要从人工栽培的植物原料中提取,栽培植物原料的质量因受土壤、气候、水肥管理等各种因素的影响而参差不齐,穿心莲生长周期长且占用土地资源。植物离体培养技术在种苗快繁及活性成分积累等方面都具有显著优势,是实现穿心莲活性成分快速、高效生产的重要途径之一。穿心莲组织离体再生技术体系日益完善,从外植体到完整植株的组织离体再生技术日渐成熟,已在种苗繁育、倍性育种等方面有了一定的应用。同时,在穿心莲愈伤组织培养、细胞悬浮培养、不定根培养、毛状根培养过程中,通过优化培养条件和使用适宜的诱导子可大幅增加培养物中穿心莲内酯等活性成分的积累。该文分别从穿心莲组织、细胞、不定根及毛状根培养等方面,全面系统地综述了近年来国内外关于穿心莲离体培养技术以及其生产穿心莲内酯的研究进展,以期促进穿心莲离体培养技术的发展与应用,为离体生产穿心莲内酯的研究提供参考。此外,还提出了未来在穿心莲离体培养技术及通过该技术生产穿心莲内酯的研究中需重点关注的3个方面:(1)熟化完善穿心莲组织离体再生技术体系,建立全面系统的评价体系;(2)优化培养条件和高效诱导子联用,进一步提高穿心莲内酯等重要活性成分产量;(3)开展通过细胞悬浮培养技术生产穿心莲内酯的生物反应器培养研究。     

Screening the human exome: a comparison of whole genome and whole transcriptome sequencing

Background  

There is considerable interest in the development of methods to efficiently identify all coding variants present in large sample sets of humans. There are three approaches possible: whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing using exon capture methods, and RNA-Seq. While whole-genome sequencing is the most complete, it remains sufficiently expensive that cost effective alternatives are important.     

Genome sequence of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) provides insights into grass evolution and biofuel potential

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), a member of the Poaceae grass family, is an important food and fodder crop in arid regions and has potential for use as a C(4) biofuel. It is a model system for other biofuel grasses, including switchgrass and pearl millet. We produced a draft genome (～423 Mb) anchored onto nine chromosomes and annotated 38,801 genes. Key chromosome reshuffling events were detected through collinearity identification between foxtail millet, rice and sorghum including two reshuffling events fusing rice chromosomes 7 and 9, 3 and 10 to foxtail millet chromosomes 2 and 9, respectively, that occurred after the divergence of foxtail millet and rice, and a single reshuffling event fusing rice chromosome 5 and 12 to foxtail millet chromosome 3 that occurred after the divergence of millet and sorghum. Rearrangements in the C(4) photosynthesis pathway were also identified.     

Persistence of the Recombinant Genomes of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus in the Mouse Model

Hydrodynamic injection (HI) with a replication competent hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome may lead to transient or prolonged HBV replication in mice. However, the prolonged HBV persistence after HI depends on the specific backbone of the vector carrying HBV genome and the genetic background of the mouse strain. We asked whether a genetically closely related hepadnavirus, woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), may maintain the gene expression and replication in the mouse liver after HI. Interestingly, we found that HI of pBS-WHV1.3 containing a 1.3 fold overlength WHV genome in BALB/c mouse led to the long presence of WHV DNA and WHV proteins expression in the mouse liver. Thus, we asked whether WHV genome carrying foreign DNA sequences could maintain the long term gene expression and persistence. For this purpose, the coding region of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was inserted into the WHV genome to replace the corresponding region. Three recombinant WHV-HBV genomes were constructed with the replacement with HBsAg a-determinant, major HBsAg, and middle HBsAg. Serum HBsAg, viral DNA, hepatic WHV protein expression, and viral replication intermediates were detected in mice after HI with recombinant genomes. Similarly, the recombinant genomes could persist for a prolonged period of time up to 45 weeks in mice. WHV and recombinant WHV-HBV genomes did not trigger effective antibody and T-cell responses to viral proteins. The ability of recombinant WHV constructs to persist in mice is an interesting aspect for the future investigation and may be explored for in vivo gene transfer.     

LTR retrotransposons from the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus x clementina</Emphasis> genome: characterization and application

Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are a large portion of most plant genomes, and can be used as a powerful molecular marker system. The first citrus reference genome (Citrus x clementina) has been publicly available since 2011; however, previous studies in citrus have not utilized the whole genome for LTR-RT marker development. In this study, 3959 full-length LTR-RTs were identified in the C. x clementina genome using structure-based (LTR_FINDER) and homology-based (RepeatMasker) methods. LTR-RTs were first classified by protein domain into Gypsy and Copia superfamilies, and then clustered into 1074 families based on LTR sequence similarity. Three hundred fifty Copia families were grouped into four lineages: Retrofit, Tork, Sire, and Oryco. One hundred seventy-eight Gypsy families were sorted into six lineages: Athila, Tat, Renia, CRM, Galadriel, and Del. Most LTR-RTs (3218 or 81.3%) were anchored to the nine Clementine mandarin linkage groups, accounting for 9.74% of chromosomes currently assembled. Accessions of 25 Rutaceae species were genotyped using 17 inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers developed from conserved LTR regions. Sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) makers were used to distinguish ‘Valencia’ and ‘Pineapple’ sweet oranges (C. x sinensis), and 24 sweet orange clones. LTR-RT markers developed from the Clementine genome can be transferred within the Rutaceae family demonstrating that they are an excellent tool for citrus and Rutaceae genetic analysis.