山东强筋和中筋小麦品质形成的气象条件及区划

1999—2003年选用4个强筋小麦品种和12个中筋小麦品种在山东省的31个县进行试验,以各试验点当地气象站观测的小麦开花至成熟期的气象资料为依据,采用逐步回归和一元非线性回归模型进行分析.结果表明:平均气温分别为20.0℃和20.5℃时,有利于强筋和中筋小麦面团稳定时间的延长;气温日较差分别为12.7℃和11.7℃时,有利于强筋和中筋小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的提高;降水量分别为48.6mm和52.1mm,日照时数分别为297h和299h时,有利于强筋和中筋小麦沉降值的提高;降水量分别为53.5mm和53.9mm,日照时数分别为295h和298h时,有利于强筋和中筋小麦面团稳定时间的延长.单一气象因子对小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值和面团稳定时间的影响不完全同步.依据对各地气象条件进行综合评价的结果,将山东省划分为胶东与鲁中强筋、中筋小麦适宜区,鲁西北和鲁西南强筋、中筋小麦次适宜区,鲁南强筋小麦次适宜、中筋小麦适宜区.     

A preliminary X-ray study of a refolded PTS EIIBfruc protein from Escherichia coli

The phosphoenolpyruvate-carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) catalyzes the phosphorylation and transportation of its sugar substrates. A sugar-specific enzyme II complex involved in the PTS finally functions to translocate substrates across the membrane. A PTS EIIB(fruc) protein, a fructose specific EIIB subunit, from Escherichia coli has been cloned, expressed, refolded, purified, and crystallized. The synchrotron data were collected to 2.6 A from the crystal of a selenomethionine substitute PTS EIIB(fruc) protein. The crystal belongs to the primitive trigonal space group P3(1)21, with unit-cell parameters of a = 33.4 A, b = 33.4 A, c = 154.0 A, and beta = 120.0 degrees . A full structure determination is under way to provide insights into the structure-function relationships of this protein.     

Invasive alien plant species in China: regional distribution patterns

Plant invasions have been attracting increasing attention from ecologists because of their worldwide environmental impacts and huge economic costs. Research on the characteristics of the recipient regions is essential for understanding the process of plant invasion. However, few previous studies on invasibility of habitats include social factors, although human activities are critical in the process of plant invasion. China is a vast country with high plant species diversity and a long history of introduction of exotic plant species and is particularly vulnerable to invasive plant species. Alien plant species are widespread in the country. Therefore, the study of invasive plants in China is urgent in practice and theoretically important for developing invasion ecology. For the present study, 126 species were selected to represent the major invasive plant species in China. We then collected data on their species richness in 31 provincial administrative units of China and performed Spearman rank correlations between species richness and possible natural and socio‐economic factors. We found that socio‐economic factors, such as human density and GDP, correlated positively with the species richness of invasive plants in China. In conjunction with the natural and socio‐economic correlations in the study of regional distribution pattern of the major invasive plants, we discussed the factors influencing the regional distribution pattern of the major invasive plants in China. We suggest that native plant species richness was mainly determined by the natural conditions of the regions, while invasive species richness was influenced by natural conditions and human disturbance together.     

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopy study of redox-induced conformational equilibrium of cytochrome c adsorbed on DNA-modified metal electrode

The redox-induced conformational equilibrium of cytochrome c (cyt c) adsorbed on DNA-modified metal electrode and the interaction mechanism of DNA with cyt c have been studied by electrochemical, spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical techniques. The results indicate that the external electric field induces potential-dependent coordination equilibrium of the adsorbed cyt c between its oxidized state (with native six-coordinate low-spin and non-native five-coordinate high-spin heme configuration) and its reduced state (with native six-coordinate low-spin heme configuration) on DNA-modified metal electrode. The strong interactions between DNA and cyt c induce the self-aggregation of cyt c adsorbed on DNA. The orientational distribution of cyt c adsorbed on DNA-modified metal electrode is potential-dependent, which results in the deviation from an ideal Nernstian behavior of the adsorbed cyt c at high electrode potentials. The electric-field-induced increase in the activation barrier of proton-transfer steps attributed to the rearrangement of the hydrogen bond network and the self-aggregation of cyt c upon adsorption on DNA-modified electrode strongly decrease the interfacial electron transfer rate. In addition, the strongly Coulombic interactions between DNA and cyt c only disturb the microenvironment of the heme, and do not affect the states of heme ligation and spin. The secondary structure of the adsorbed cyt c is retained, while the conformation of DNA is changed from the B form DNA to A form DNA.     

吸附剂及培养基组成对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响

本文报道了培养基的组成及添加吸附剂对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响。结果表明,添加吸附剂活性炭及XAD-2后,香荚兰细胞产生的香兰素含量明显增加,而且活性炭的效果优于XAD-2;香荚兰细胞在全组成的MS培养基中香兰素含量均低于由矿物质盐组成培养基中的含量。可以考虑采用二步培养法来培养香荚兰细胞及产生香兰素。     

天名精倍半萜内酯化合物

从菊科天名精全草中分得天名精内酯酮,特勒内酯,11（13）－二氢特勒内酯和异埃瓦内酯。其中11（13）－二氢特勒内酯和异埃瓦内酯为新的天然产物。     

内蒙古道虎沟中侏罗世假古蝉属化石(同翅目,古蝉科)

描述古蝉科化石3新种,即多点假古蝉Pseudocossus punctulosus sp.nov.,美丽假古蝉P.bellus sp.nov.,弯脉假古蝉P.ancylivenius sp.nov..所有标本均采自内蒙古宁城道虎沟中侏罗世九龙山组,其中2个新种保存有完整的臀区.模式标本保存在首都师范大学生命科学学院.     

烟粉虱携带番茄黄化曲叶病毒检测及其传入山东省的考证

【背景】番茄黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV）是由媒介昆虫烟粉虱传播的一种双生病毒,对蔬菜及烟草等经济作物造成严重危害。前人资料表明,该病毒于2006年传人我国南方地区,2007年传人山东省,2008年后在山东各地逐渐蔓延扩散。【方法】为了考证TYLcV传人山东省的时间,本研究利用mtCOI基因对于2005和2006年7—8月份在山东省不同地区作物上共采集的15份烟粉虱样品进行了生物型鉴定,并进一步检测了烟粉虱携带TYLCV情况,同时对PCR扩增产物进行了测序分析。【结果】2005年的4份样品烟粉虱生物型均为B型,均不携带TYLCV。2006年的11份烟粉虱样品为B型与Q型混合样品,其中,2份烟粉虱样品检测到TYLCV,进一步证实该病毒为TYLCV。【结论与意义】本研究首次证实了TYLCV早在2006年就已经传入山东省。研究结果不仅对于防控该病毒具有重要指导意义,而且对于其入侵生物学研究也具有重要参考价值。     

Simulation of sequential batch reactor (SBR) operation for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus

Modeling of the operation of sequential batch reactor (SBR) was performed to find out optimum design parameters for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a small-scale wastewater treatment plant. The models were set up with material balances on SBR operation and Monod kinetics. The model parameters were obtained to best fit the experimental results in a small scale SBR. The models were useful in optimizing hydraulic retention time (HRT) and successfully simulated operations of SBR in a larger scale. Especially the model predicted well the reactions occurring in the filling period as well as the effect of dilution, and evaluated the performance of SBR process under diverse operating conditions.