The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of the cereals

Summary The entire chloroplast genome of the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) has been sequenced and comprises 134525 bp. Predicted genes have been identified along with open reading frames (ORFs) conserved between rice and the previously sequenced chloroplast genomes, a dicot, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). The same complement of 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes has been conserved between rice and tobacco. Most ORFs extensively conserved betweenN. tabacum andM. polymorpha are also conserved intact in rice. However, several such ORFs are entirely absent in rice, or present only in severely truncated form. Structural changes are also apparent in the genome relative to tobacco. The inverted repeats, characteristic of chloroplast genome structure, have expanded outward to include several genes present only once per genome in tobacco and liverwort and the large single copy region has undergone a series of inversions which predate the divergence of the cereals. A chimeric tRNA pseudogene overlaps an apparent endpoint of the largest inversion, and a model invoking illegitimate recombination between tRNA genes is proposed which accounts simultaneously for the origin of this pseudogene, the large inversion and the creation of repeated sequences near the inversion endpoints.     

Microcalorimetric measurements of tissue cells in vitro

A culture flask was designed for the microcalorimetric measurements of tissue cells by an MS 80 standard calvet microcalorimeter. Tissue cells cultured in this flask behaved in the same manner as in the common culture flask used in cytobiological studies. The thermograms of human adenocarcinoma gastric cells (SGc 7901) and HeLa cells were obtained. The heat output power of SGc 7901 cells continuously increased for 70 h with an initial cell number of 3.0 X 10(5). The thermogram was reproducible under strictly controlled conditions. The relationship between the heat output power and the number of SGc 7901 cells within 48 h was obtained. The heat output power was 40 pW/cell to 49 pW/cell when the cell number was in the range 4.5 X 10(5) to 10.4 X 10(5). It was 62.3 +/- 2.9 pW/cell for HeLa cells when the cell number was 6 X 10(5).     

Hot spot of recombination within DXS164 in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene.

The DMD gene, which spans more than 2,000 kbp, has been assigned to band Xp21 of the X chromosome. Two subclones (PERT 87-1 and PERT 87-15) of the intragenic locus DXS164 physically are separated by approximately 60 kbp. Linkage studies were done in 49 informative DMD families by using the LINKAGE program. Crossing-over between the loci studied occurred in four families. A recombination rate of 4% (support interval [Zmax-1] 1%-10%), which was 54 (support interval 14-135-fold) times higher than expected, was found with a maximum lod score of 13.50. These data suggest a hot spot for recombination within DXS164.     

洈水水库鳡鱼(Elopichthys bambusa)生长规律的研究

本文对洈水水库鳡鱼的生长及其利用进行了分析研究,结果表明:1.该种鱼生长快,高速生长时间长,可连续5年每年生长6kg以上;2.雌、雄鱼体长与体重生长分别适合Von.Bertalanffy的生长公式:L=L_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))和W=W_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))~3;3.雌鱼体重生长速度快于雄鱼,体长生长无明显差别;4.建议大中型水体中的鳡鱼与其它鱼类群落体重之比控制在3—5％为宜。     

洈水水库鳡鱼(Elopichthys bambusa)生长规律的研究

本文对洈水水库鳡鱼的生长及其利用进行了分析研究,结果表明:1.该种鱼生长快,高速生长时间长,可连续5年每年生长6kg以上;2.雌、雄鱼体长与体重生长分别适合Von.Bertalanffy的生长公式:L=L_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))和W=W_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))~3;3.雌鱼体重生长速度快于雄鱼,体长生长无明显差别;4.建议大中型水体中的鳡鱼与其它鱼类群落体重之比控制在3—5％为宜。     

Biochemical Mapping of Peptidyl-Glycine α-Amidation Activity in the Rat CNS

Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidation enzyme activity has been measured in 36 nuclei or areas in the rat CNS and pituitary using D-Tyr-Phe-Gly as the substrate. The distribution of this enzyme is highly uneven, with highest activity levels (greater than 30 pmol/mg of protein/h) in hypothalamic nuclei, substantia grisea centralis, and nucleus ruber; moderate activity levels (10-30 pmol/mg of protein/h) in globus pallidus, septum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and cervical spinal cord; and low activity levels (1-10 pmol/mg of protein/h) in other telencephalic and thalamic structures. Almost no alpha-amidation activity (less than 0.5 pmol/mg of protein/h) was detected in cerebellar cortex. The Km values in several brain regions are of the same order.     

钙调素抑制剂——三氟拉嗪对肿瘤细胞增殖和微管组装的影响

本文用钙调素抑制剂——三氟拉嗪处理人胃癌MGC-803细胞,用免疫荧光细胞化学方法,放射免疫法和速流荧光分析等方法研究了钙调素对细胞增殖,环核苷酸代谢及微管组装,有丝分裂等细胞功能的调节作用。实验结果表明,TFP明显地抑制了人胃癌细胞的增殖,这种抑制增殖的作用,具有剂量和时间依赖关系,细胞群体中G_1期细胞增多,S期细胞下降,DNA合成明显地受到抑制。TFP处理的胃癌细胞仅在短时间内(5'-30')cAMP含量升高,cGMP浓度降低,cAMP/ ??cGMP比值比对照组高4.4倍,但此后环核苷酸含量又很快恢复到对照组水平。本实验还观察到TFP处理后的MGC-803细胞胞质铺展,细胞形态的改变与胞质微管的分布有密切联系,实验结果表明TFP加强了人胃癌细胞MTOC对微管的组装能力,使微管分布得到恢复,微管纤维呈放射状延伸到细胞边缘,充满胞浆,使细胞呈现出展平的多边形,趋向于正常上皮细胞形态的变化,本实验结果表明TFP抑制癌细胞增殖及使微管组装加强可能是通过对CaM活性的抑制作用。此结果有助于说明转化细胞内钙调素的变化,可能是与转化细胞增殖失控和胞质微管消退有关。     

限制性内切酶诱发的姊妹染色单体互换

用限制性内切酶PstⅠ,SalⅠ,PvuⅡ和BamHⅠ处理CHO细胞后,发现其SCE率升高,与对照相比,前三种酶具有显著性差异。但这些酶诱导SCE的效应与其致染色体畸变效应相比则较弱,提示引起DNA双链断裂的限制性内切酶不是SCE的强刺激物。实验结果表明,BrdU取代胸苷不能消除限制酶对底物DNA的识别及裂解。     

天名精倍半萜内酯化合物

从菊科天名精全草中分得天名精内酯酮,特勒内酯,11（13）－二氢特勒内酯和异埃瓦内酯。其中11（13）－二氢特勒内酯和异埃瓦内酯为新的天然产物。