中国散居型飞蝗地理种群数量性状变异的分析

本文用模糊聚类分析、系统聚类分析和主成分分析的方法对中国21个散居型飞蝗Locusta migratoria L.Phase Solitaria地理种群的形态测量数据进行了数值分析.这3种分析方法所得的结果是相似的.结果较好地说明了我国21个飞蝗地理种群的地理变异、种群相互关系及亚种的地位.初步确定了我国飞蝗三个亚种的自然地理分界线.陕北的地理种群与陕中、南和华北平原的地理种群非常接近,应认为是东亚飞蝗 L. m. manilensis(Meyen)的一个地理种群.发生基地的散居型飞蝗与一般发生区或扩散区的飞蝗形态特征存在明显差异,作者认为,这是由于发生基地种群密度和生存条件经常处于不稳定状态的结果.主成分分析说明,内蒙古西部的地理种群是介于亚洲飞蝗L. m. migratoria L.和东亚飞蝗L. m. manilensis(Meyen)之间的过渡性种群,但更接近新疆和甘肃的亚洲飞蝗.作者还将E/F、F/C和P/C 3个比值投入运算,这不仅输入了体形的信息,而且也起到给前翅长E、后足股节长F和头宽C加权的作用.作者认为,当在空间和时间上大量连续取样的情况下,飞蝗形态测量学的方法对于确定亚种的地位是比较困难的,这是因为该种固有的多变性和散居型飞蝗在水平和垂直分布上的连续性所造成的.但对于分析地理种群的相互关系方面则显示出优越性.     

A comparison of cloprostenol and dinoprost tromethamine for the control of estrus in bovine embryo transfer

Cloprostenol (500 ug) and dinoprost tromethamine (65 mg in three doses) were similarly effective in controlling estrus during superovulation with FSH-P. Estrous response was 97.3% and 99.5%, respectively. Embryo production was the same measured in terms of the number transferable, total, percent transferable and number of ova cleaved. The percent cleaved was higher in the dinoprost group (75.5%) than the cloprostenol group (67.4%, P=0.019). The number (P=0.04) and proportions (P=0.009) of degenerate embryos were higher in the dinoprost group as compared to the cloprostenol group (2.9 and 27.9% vs 2.2 and 20.5%).     

The day of the estrous cycle that FSH is started and superovulation in cattle

A total of 993 commercial donor cows were superovulated with 28 mg FSH-P. The first injection of FSH-P was administered on one of days 9 through 13 of the donor's estrous cycle. The day that FSH was started did not affect total embryos collected, the number of transferable embryos or the percent transferable. These results did not support the current hypothesis that because the population of antral and preantral follicles in the ovaries on days 9 and 10 is higher, best embryo production should be achieved by starting donor cows on day 9 or 10 of the estrous cycle.     

Protection from radiation nephropathy by WR-2721

The efficacy of WR-2721 pretreatment against radiation injury to the growing kidney was evaluated in the weanling mouse. Immediately following unilateral nephrectomy, animals received intraperitoneal injections of saline or WR-2721 (220 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later both nonprotected (saline-treated) control animals and protected (WR-2721-treated) animals received 1000-rad single-fraction radiation to the remaining kidney. Other animals received WR-2721 immediately following unilateral nephrectomy but no radiation. Animals were sacrificed at 3 and 24 weeks. Nonirradiated animals treated with WR-2721 only showed normal compensatory renal growth, body growth, and renal function at 24 weeks. The nonprotected, irradiated animals exhibited renal growth inhibition without body growth inhibition, and renal functional abnormalities including elevation of serum BUN and reduction of glomerular filtration rate. Pretreatment with WR-2721 prior to 1000 rad prevented the renal growth inhibition and functional abnormalities seen in the nonprotected irradiated animals. Within the observation period there were no differences in renal morphology by light and electron microscopy between protected and nonprotected groups; only mild glomerular and tubular abnormalities compatible with radiation injury were seen. WR-2721 can modulate renal radiation injury; however, the growth and functional protection is not well correlated with specific histologic change. The dose reduction factor for WR-2721 renal growth protection is between 1.16 and 1.2. WR-2721 may have future clinical utility by increasing radiation tolerance of the kidney.     

非洲猪瘟病毒D1133L蛋白增加宿主波形蛋白磷酸化而促进病毒在猪巨噬细胞中的复制

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)感染引起家猪和野猪的一种高死亡率的传染性疾病。ASFV具有庞大的基因组,其中非结构蛋白pD1133L被预测为其编码的6个解旋酶之一。本实验室应用免疫沉淀-质谱联用(immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, IP-MASS)技术筛选与pD1133L互作的宿主细胞蛋白,发现细胞波形蛋白(vimentin, VIM)为pD1133L互作的宿主蛋白之一,但尚不清楚宿主蛋白VIM对ASFV复制的影响。【目的】探究ASFV与VIM的相互调控作用,揭示VIM促进ASFV复制的机制。【方法】通过免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation, Co-IP)试验验证pD1133L与VIM存在互作关系;外源过表达VIM蛋白以及设计并合成VIM的siRNA探究VIM对ASFV复制的影响;利用Western blotting以及荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR)方法检测ASFV对VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平的影响;通过Western blotting、间接免疫荧光试验(immunofluorescence assay, IFA)探究巨噬细胞感染ASFV后VIM磷酸化水平变化以及亚细胞定位变化情况;CCK-8试剂盒检测VIM磷酸化抑制剂KN-93处理的最佳浓度,并利用Western blotting以及IFA检测KN-93对VIM磷酸化、亚细胞定位以及对ASFV复制影响。【结果】VIM过表达促进ASFV复制,敲低VIM的表达则抑制ASFV复制;ASFV感染抑制VIM蛋白水平以及转录水平表达,且呈时间依赖性;ASFV感染后VIM发生磷酸化修饰且发生亚细胞定位改变,从而促进ASFV复制。【结论】证实了ASFV与宿主蛋白VIM之间的相互调控作用;初步确定ASFV感染后VIM受到ASFV pD1133L调控,亚细胞定位发生重排向核周聚集从而促进ASFV复制的机制。     

Early Release of ABA from Cell Walls During Rose Petal Protoplast Isolation

During the isolation of rose petal protoplasts, two successivetransient abscisic acid (ABA) accumulations were detected whendigest medium and tissue slices were assayed simultaneously,using polyclonal antibodies raised against (+)-ABA. Late accumulation,occurring after more than 1 h of incubation, was observed, whetherenzymes were present or not, in a hyperosmotic medium. Veryearly accumulation, occurring at a maximum of 15 min after thebeginning of incubation, was observed only in the presence ofcellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes. The ABA level could beincreased by the addition of tetcyclacis, an inhibitor of mono-oxygenaseknown to delay ABA oxidation. The need for cell wall digestingenzymes to observe this first ABA increase suggested that itwas due to a release from the cell wall. Analysis by radioimmunoassay(RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showedthat ABA and another non-acidic immunoreactive compound werereleased from purified cell walls by the same enzymes. Key words: ABA, cell wall, protoplast, rose petal