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91.
Hierarchical likelihood approach for frailty models 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
92.
93.
Gürünlüoğlu R Bayramiçli M Doğan T Numanoğlu A 《Plastic and reconstructive surgery》1999,103(5):1539-1540
94.
The polyaniline (PANi)-Nafion composite film was prepared onto the ceramic plate by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method with the various cycle numbers. When the PANi-Nafion/Au/ceramic plate with the preparing cycle number of 5 was as working electrode, the cathodic peak current was achieved as 84.0 microA in 60 mg dl(-1) NH4Cl buffer solution. On the other hand, the small cathodic peak currents for buffer solution in the presence of 60 mg dl(-1) LiOH, NaCl and KCl, respectively, were found with the same composite electrode as working electrode. The cathodic peak current decreased from 84.0 to 16.3 microA in the 60 mg dl(-1) NH4Cl buffer solution when the cycle number for preparing PANi-Nafion/Au/ceramic plate composite electrode with the CV method increased from 5 to 15. The enzyme of urease was immobilized onto the PANi-Nafion/Au/ceramic plate composite film by the electrochemical immobilization and the casting methods and used as sensing electrode to detect the concentration of urea in the buffer solution. The sensitivity of composite electrode immobilized with the casting method was greater than that of electrochemical immobilization method. The sensitivity and the detecting limit of the urea sensor were found to be 0.7 and 5.27 microA (mg dl(-1))(-1)cm(-2), as well as 6 and 0.3 mg dl(-1), respectively, when urease was immobilized by glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linker and Nafion network, respectively. 相似文献
95.
Pessotti JH Zaverucha Do Valle T Corte-Real S Gonçalves Da Costa SC 《Parasite (Paris, France)》2004,11(1):99-102
The Vero cell line, a non-phagocytic cell, has supported the intracellular mechanism of Leishmania (L.) chagasi. This strain (MHOM/BR/501/MS00) was isolated from a human case of visceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil and cultivated in Schneider's Drosophila medium with 20% of heat inactivated fetal calf serum. It was allowed to infect the Vero cells at a ratio of 10 to 20 promastigotes per cell. Within six hours of incubation, promastigote forms were found attached to Vero cells without any particular orientation. The number of amastigotes per cell increased during the incubation period. Results showed that promastigotes of L. (L.) chagasi could interact, transform to amastigote forms and multiply in non-phagocytic cells, demonstrating a new model to study the intracellular cycle of this protozoan. 相似文献
96.
Hepatitis C virus core and nonstructural protein 3 proteins induce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit dendritic cell differentiation 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Dolganiuc A Kodys K Kopasz A Marshall C Do T Romics L Mandrekar P Zapp M Szabo G 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2003,170(11):5615-5624
Antiviral immunity requires recognition of viral pathogens and activation of cytotoxic and Th cells by innate immune cells. In this study, we demonstrate that hepatitis C virus (HCV) core and nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), but not envelope 2 proteins (E2), activate monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and partially reproduce abnormalities found in chronic HCV infection. HCV core or NS3 (not E2) triggered inflammatory cytokine mRNA and TNF-alpha production in monocytes. Degradation of I-kappa B alpha suggested involvement of NF-kappa B activation. HCV core and NS3 induced production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Both monocyte TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels were higher upon HCV core and NS3 protein stimulation in HCV-infected patients than in normals. HCV core and NS3 (not E2) inhibited differentiation and allostimulatory capacity of immature DCs similar to defects in HCV infection. This was associated with elevated IL-10 and decreased IL-2 levels during T cell proliferation. Increased IL-10 was produced by HCV patients' DCs and by core- or NS3-treated normal DCs, while IL-12 was decreased only in HCV DCs. Addition of anti-IL-10 Ab, not IL-12, ameliorated T cell proliferation with HCV core- or NS3-treated DCs. Reduced allostimulatory capacity in HCV core- and NS3-treated immature DCs, but not in DCs of HCV patients, was reversed by LPS maturation, suggesting more complex DC defects in vivo than those mediated by core or NS3 proteins. Our results reveal that HCV core and NS3 proteins activate monocytes and inhibit DC differentiation in the absence of the intact virus and mediate some of the immunoinhibitory effects of HCV via IL-10 induction. 相似文献
97.
Jutabha P Kanai Y Hosoyamada M Chairoungdua A Kim DK Iribe Y Babu E Kim JY Anzai N Chatsudthipong V Endou H 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(30):27930-27938
A novel transport protein with the properties of voltage-driven organic anion transport was isolated from pig kidney cortex by expression cloning in Xenopus laevis oocytes. A cDNA library was constructed from size-fractionated poly(A)+ RNA and screened for p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport in high potassium medium. A 1856-base pair cDNA encoding a 467-amino acid peptide designated as OATV1 (voltage-driven organic anion transporter 1) was isolated. The predicted amino acid sequence of OATV1 exhibited 60-65% identity to those of human, rat, rabbit, and mouse sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter type 1 (NPT1), although OATV1 did not transport phosphate. The homology of this transporter to known members of the organic anion transporter family (OAT family) was about 25-30%. OATV1-mediated PAH transport was affected by the changes in membrane potential. The transport was Na+-independent and enhanced at high concentrations of extracellular potassium and low concentrations of extracellular chloride. Under the voltage clamp condition, extracellularly applied PAH induced outward currents in oocytes expressing OATV1. The current showed steep voltage dependence, consistent with the voltage-driven transport of PAH by OATV1. The PAH transport was inhibited by various organic anions but not by organic cations, indicating the multispecific nature of OATV1 for anionic compounds. This transport protein is localized at the apical membrane of renal proximal tubule, consistent with the proposed localization of a voltage-driven organic anion transporter. Therefore, it is proposed that OATV1 plays an important role to excrete drugs, xenobiotics, and their metabolites driven by membrane voltage through the apical membrane of the tubular epithelial cells into the urine. 相似文献
98.
McKallip RJ Fisher M Do Y Szakal AK Gunthert U Nagarkatti PS Nagarkatti M 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(44):43818-43830
In the current study, we investigated the nature and role of CD44 variant isoforms involved in endothelial cell (EC) injury and tumor cell cytotoxicity mediated by IL-2-activated killer (LAK) cells. Treatment of CD44 wild-type lymphocytes with IL-2 led to increased gene expression of CD44 v6 and v7 variant isoforms and to significant induction of vascular leak syndrome (VLS). CD44v6-v7 knockout (KO) and CD44v7 KO mice showed markedly reduced levels of IL-2-induced VLS. The decreased VLS in CD44v6-v7 KO and CD44v7 KO mice did not result from differential activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, NK, and NK-T cells or from altered degree of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the lungs. LAK cells from CD44v7 KO mice showed a significant decrease in their ability to adhere to and mediate lysis of EC but not lysis of P815 tumor cells in vitro. CD44v7-mediated lysis of EC by LAK cells was dependent on the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and tyrosine kinases. Interestingly, IL-2-activated LAK cells expressing CD44hi but not CD44lo were responsible for EC lysis. Furthermore, lysis of EC targets could be blocked by addition of soluble or enzymatic cleavage of CD44v6-v7-binding glycosaminoglycans. Finally, anti-CD44v7 mAbs caused a significant reduction in the adherence to and killing of EC and led to suppression of IL-2-induced VLS. Together, this study suggests that the expression of CD44v7 on LAK cells plays a specific role in EC injury and that it may be possible to reduce EC injury but not tumor cell killing by specifically targeting CD44v7. 相似文献
99.
Babu E Kanai Y Chairoungdua A Kim DK Iribe Y Tangtrongsup S Jutabha P Li Y Ahmed N Sakamoto S Anzai N Nagamori S Endou H 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(44):43838-43845
A cDNA that encodes a novel Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter was isolated from FLC4 human hepatocarcinoma cells by expression cloning. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the encoded protein designated LAT3 (L-type amino acid transporter 3) transported neutral amino acids such as l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-valine, and l-phenylalanine. The LAT3-mediated transport was Na+-independent and inhibited by 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, consistent with the properties of system L. Distinct from already known system L transporters LAT1 and LAT2, which form heterodimeric complex with 4F2 heavy chain, LAT3 was functional by itself in Xenopus oocytes. The deduced amino acid sequence of LAT3 was identical to the gene product of POV1 reported as a prostate cancer-up-regulated gene whose function was not determined, whereas it did not exhibit significant similarity to already identified transporters. The Eadie-Hofstee plots of LAT3-mediated transport were curvilinear, whereas the low affinity component is predominant at physiological plasma amino acid concentration. In addition to amino acid substrates, LAT3 recognized amino acid alcohols. The transport of l-leucine was electroneutral and mediated by a facilitated diffusion. In contrast, l-leucinol, l-valinol, and l-phenylalaninol, which have a net positive charge induced inward currents under voltage clamp, suggesting these compounds are transported by LAT3. LAT3-mediated transport was inhibited by the pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide, consistent with the property of system L2 originally characterized in hepatocyte primary culture. Based on the substrate selectivity, affinity, and N-ethylmaleimide sensitivity, LAT3 is proposed to be a transporter subserving system L2. LAT3 should denote a new family of organic solute transporters. 相似文献
100.
Ai X Do AT Lozynska O Kusche-Gullberg M Lindahl U Emerson CP 《The Journal of cell biology》2003,162(2):341-351
The 6-O sulfation states of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are dynamically regulated to control the growth and specification of embryonic progenitor lineages. However, mechanisms for regulation of HSPG sulfation have been unknown. Here, we report on the biochemical and Wnt signaling activities of QSulf1, a novel cell surface sulfatase. Biochemical studies establish that QSulf1 is a heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O endosulfatase with preference, in particular, toward trisulfated IdoA2S-GlcNS6S disaccharide units within HS chains. In cells, QSulf1 can function cell autonomously to remodel the sulfation of cell surface HS and promote Wnt signaling when localized either on the cell surface or in the Golgi apparatus. QSulf1 6-O desulfation reduces XWnt binding to heparin and HS chains of Glypican1, whereas heparin binds with high affinity to XWnt8 and inhibits Wnt signaling. CHO cells mutant for HS biosynthesis are defective in Wnt-dependent Frizzled receptor activation, establishing that HS is required for Frizzled receptor function. Together, these findings suggest a two-state "catch or present" model for QSulf1 regulation of Wnt signaling in which QSulf1 removes 6-O sulfates from HS chains to promote the formation of low affinity HS-Wnt complexes that can functionally interact with Frizzled receptors to initiate Wnt signal transduction. 相似文献