Prophylaxis of wound infection in patients with head and neck tumors with an account of the pathogen taxonomic pattern]

The most important problem of onkology, i. e. antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative infectious complications is touched upon in the paper. The current publications on the problem are discussed and the autors' experience on the treatment is described. The spectrum of the main pathogens of wound infections in patients with head and neck tumors is considered.     

Peculiarities of proteasome pool formation in rat spleen and liver during postnatal development

Changes in the specific activity and amounts of 26S and 20S proteasome pools in rat spleen and liver during postnatal development and appearance in them of immune subunits were studied. Two decreases in chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome pools were recorded during the first three weeks after birth. The activity minimum fell on the 11th and 19th days, and the first decrease was more prolonged and pronounced than the second. The decrease in the specific activity of the 26S proteasome pools was associated with a reduction of their quantity. The 20S proteasome pools displayed no such decreases. Noticeable quantities of immune subunits LMP7 and LMP2 were revealed by Western blotting in the spleen on the 7th day and on the 19th day in the liver, concurrently with the beginning of the decrease in the proteasome activity. It was concluded that during the first three weeks of postnatal development the proteasome pools in rat spleen and liver were replaced twice, and in the spleen (a lymphoid organ) a qualitatively new pool containing immune subunits appeared nearly two weeks earlier than in the liver (a non-lymphoid organ). The appearance of immune proteasomes in different organs and tissues during some weeks after birth seems to explain the immune system inefficiency during embryogenesis and early postnatal development.     

Cardiac,respiratory, and motor activity in norm and after activation of catecholaminergic systems in newborn rat pups

Study of parameters of the cardiac, respiratory, and motor activity (MA) was carried out on newborn rat pups for the first day after birth (P0) and at the 14th day of postnatal development (P14) after change of the activity levels of dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. To provide an excessive level of catecholamines, the animals were administered individually with L-DOPA (25–100 mg/kg) and with the indirect adrenomimetic isoamine (3 and 10 mg/kg). Additionally there were studied effects of L-DOPA and isoamine after blockade of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (antagonists SCH-23390 and sulpirid). The L-DOPA administration produced a dose-dependent MA enhancement with its subsequent possible conversion into the continuous generalized activity. At P0 the release of monoamines was accompanied by development of weak bradycardia. There was noted a tendency for acceleration of respiration at administration of the low dose both of L-DOPA and of isoamine and for its deceleration at high doses. At P14 the L-DOPA administration was accompanied by deceleration of the heart rate (HR) by 8% and by acceleration of respiration rate (RR) by 26%. The isoamine administration produced an insignificant decrease of HR and an increase of RR by 8% at the low dose and by 21% at the high dose of the agent. At the blockade of D1 receptors, RR remained close to the background values, while at the blockade of D2 receptors it decreased insignificantly. Blockade of D1 and D2 receptors did not cause significant HR changes. Analysis of the HR variability has shown that both after L-DOPA administration and at blockade of dopamine receptors no unidirectional reaction was observed: in 80% of rat pups the portion of nerve mechanisms of HR regulation increased, while in the rest-of sympathetic and humoral factors at a decrease of parasympathetic effects. In all rat pups the isoamine administration was accompanied by a shift of the specter power into the higher frequency area; in 60% of the animals there were enhanced sympathetic effects. At P14 in rat pups after administration both of L-DOPA and of isoamine, the sympathetic nervous effects were predominant. Thus, at P0 both at release of endogenous catecholamines and at their excessive concentration in rat pups there occurs a qualitative change of character of the catecholaminergic effects on functional activity of excitable structures, particularly of those connected with regulation of respiration.     

外源质粒pcDNA3s疫苗在小鼠体内组织代谢动力学研究

为分析外源质粒pcDNA3s肌肉注射后在小鼠体内的组织分布及评价整合到宿主基因组上的可能性．通过PCR方法检测质粒pcDNA3s经肌肉注射在各组织中的分布及随时间变化的情况．检测外源质粒在基因组DNA上的整合情况．注射后3h所有的组织均能检测到质粒,至第3周时只有胸腺和生殖器官能检测到质粒的存在,至第6周后各组织均为阴性、各组织基因组DNA经PCR扩增均为阴性．肌注外源质粒后,外源质粒在小鼠细胞内逐渐被清除,外源质粒不会整合到宿主染色体上．     

多效唑（MET）对啤酒花试管苗生长和移栽的影响

在培养基中加入0.1-0.2mg/L浓度的多效唑（MET）,啤酒花试管苗植株矮壮,单株生根数量增加、移栽成活率提高13％。0．5－2．0mg/L时,试管苗基部愈伤组织增多,枝叶失绿,生长受到抑制。初步发现多将唑对啤酒花试管苗的效力与葡萄糖用量呈正相关。     

Adaptive divergence for a fitness-related trait among invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations in France

The impact of natural selection on the adaptive divergence of invasive populations can be assessed by testing the null hypothesis that the extent of quantitative genetic differentiation (Q(ST) ) would be similar to that of neutral molecular differentiation (F(ST) ). Using eight microsatellite loci and a common garden approach, we compared Q(ST) and F(ST) among ten populations of an invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) in France. In a common garden study with varying water and nutrient levels, we measured Q(ST) for five traits (height, total biomass, reproductive allocation, above- to belowground biomass ratio, and days to flowering). Although low F(ST) indicated weak genetic structure and strong gene flow among populations, we found significant diversifying selection (Q(ST) > F(ST) ) for reproductive allocation that may be closely related to fitness. It suggests that abiotic conditions may have exerted selection pressure on A. artemisiifolia populations to differentiate adaptively, such that populations at higher altitude or latitude evolved greater reproductive allocation. As previous studies indicate multiple introductions from various source populations of A. artemisiifolia in North America, our results suggest that the admixture of introduced populations may have increased genetic diversity and additive genetic variance, and in turn, promoted the rapid evolution and adaptation of this invasive species.