CEP128 Localizes to the Subdistal Appendages of the Mother Centriole and Regulates TGF-β/BMP Signaling at the Primary Cilium

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Zur protoplasmatischen Anatomie des Keimblattes vonSoja hispida

Ohne ZusammenfassungDas Manuskript wurde im Jänner 1945 abgeschlossen und konnte infolge von Kriegseinwirkungen bis jetzt nicht zur Drucklegung gelangen.     

Global responses of Aliivibrio salmonicida to hydrogen peroxide as revealed by microarray analysis

Aliivibrio salmonicida causes "cold-water vibriosis" (or "Hitra disease") in fish, including marine-reared Atlantic salmon. During development of the disease the bacterium will encounter macrophages with antibacterial activities such as production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). To defend itself the bacterium will presumably start producing detoxifying enzymes, reducing agents, and proteins involved in DNA and protein repair systems. Even though responses to oxidative stress are well studied for a few model bacteria, little work has been done in general to explain how important groups of pathogens, like members of the Vibrionaceae family, can survive at high levels of ROS. We have used bioinformatic tools and microarray to study how A. salmonicida responds to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). First, we used the recently published genome sequence to predict potential binding sites for OxyR (H(2)O(2) response regulator). The computer-based search identified OxyR sites associated with 20 single genes and 8 operons, and these predictions were compared to experimental data from Northern blot analysis and microarray analysis. In general, OxyR binding site predictions and experimental results are in agreement. Up- and down regulated genes are distributed among all functional gene categories, but a striking number of ≥2 fold up regulated genes encode proteins involved in detoxification and DNA repair, are part of reduction systems, or are involved in carbon metabolism and regeneration of NADPH. Our predictions and -omics data corroborates well with findings from other model bacteria, but also suggest species-specific gene regulation.     

Cytoplasmic expression of the Achromobacter xylosoxidans blue copper nitrite reductase in Escherichia coli and characterisation of the recombinant protein

The gene of the Achromobacter xylosoxidans (DSM 2402) blue copper-containing nitrite reductase was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. DNA sequence analysis reveals that the amino acid sequence is identical to those of the GIFU1051 and the NCIMB11015 A. xylosoxidans nitrite reductases. The gene encoding the mature coding region for DSM 2402 nitrite reductase was cloned into a pET-vector, overexpressed in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the expressed holoprotein was purified to apparent homogeneity by cation-exchange chromatography. The recombinant blue copper-containing nitrite reductase was obtained in high yields of 70mgL(-1) of culture. The specific catalytic activity as well as the electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra agree with corresponding data for the native protein. Mass spectroscopic analysis of the recombinant nitrite reductase gave a molecular weight of 36659.1Da for the apo-protein monomer, in agreement with the expected molecular mass based on the amino acid sequence.     

Human glucagon receptor antagonists based on alkylidene hydrazides

A series of alkylidene hydrazide derivatives containing an alkoxyaryl moiety was optimized. The resulting hydrazide-ethers were competitive antagonists at the human glucagon receptor. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed fast clearance of most of the compounds tested. A representative compound [4-hydroxy-3-cyanobenzoic acid (4-isopropylbenzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxymethylene)hydrazide] with an IC50 value of 20 nM was shown to reduce blood glucose levels in fasted rats.     

Behavior and Population Development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phorodon humuli</Emphasis> (Schrank) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Two Hop Cultivars of Different Susceptibility

The two hop cultivars “Hallertauer Magnum” (HM) and “Spalter Select” (SE) are regarded by growers as extremely different in their susceptibility to the damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli (Schrank). To investigate these anecdotal observations, spring migration and initial population development of P. humuli were monitored on the two cultivars in 1998 and 1999 in an experimental hop garden. Numbers of migrant aphids on SE were significantly lower, comprising 18.8 and 30.2% as compared to HM in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Population development of apterous aphids on these two cultivars differed significantly. At the end of the monitoring period numbers of aphids on SE were 7.5 and 14.2% as compared to HM in 1998 and 1999, respectively. In behavioral studies of P. humuli alates released on glasshouse plants, those on SE spent significantly more time in motile behavior patterns than aphids on HM. In the glasshouse, population development also differed significantly and the number of aphids developing on SE was 12.9% of that on HM after 28 days. It is concluded that SE exhibits a certain repellent effect on P. humuli and, compared to HM, is possibly nutritionally less suitable to the aphid.