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排序方式: 共有158条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Yanan Zheng Devin B Tesar Lisa Benincosa Herbert Birnb?ck C Andrew Boswell Daniela Bumbaca Kyra J Cowan Dimitry M Danilenko Ann L Daugherty Paul J Fielder Hans Peter Grimm Amita Joshi Nicole Justies Gerry Kolaitis Nicholas Lewin-Koh Jing Li Sami McVay Jennifer O'Mahony Michael Otteneder Michael Pantze Wendy S Putnam Zhihua J Qiu Jane Ruppel Thomas Singer Oliver Stauch Frank-Peter Theil Jennifer Visich Jihong Yang Yong Ying Leslie A Khawli Wolfgang F Richter 《MABS-AUSTIN》2012,4(2):243-255
Subcutaneous (SC) delivery is a common route of administration for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) properties requiring long-term or frequent drug administration. An ideal in vivo preclinical model for predicting human PK following SC administration may be one in which the skin and overall physiological characteristics are similar to that of humans. In this study, the PK properties of a series of therapeutic mAbs following intravenous (IV) and SC administration in Göttingen minipigs were compared with data obtained previously from humans. The present studies demonstrated: (1) minipig is predictive of human linear clearance; (2) the SC bioavailabilities in minipigs are weakly correlated with those in human; (3) minipig mAb SC absorption rates are generally higher than those in human and (4) the SC bioavailability appears to correlate with systemic clearance in minipigs. Given the important role of the neonatal Fc-receptor (FcRn) in the PK of mAbs, the in vitro binding affinities of these IgGs against porcine, human and cynomolgus monkey FcRn were tested. The result showed comparable FcRn binding affinities across species. Further, mAbs with higher isoelectric point tended to have faster systemic clearance and lower SC bioavailability in both minipig and human. Taken together, these data lend increased support for the use of the minipig as an alternative predictive model for human IV and SC PK of mAbs.Key words: mAb IgG, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), pharmacokinetics, subcutaneous bioavailability, animal model, minipig 相似文献
152.
Ayse Meric Ovacik Ji Li Marie Lemper Dimitry Danilenko Nicola Stagg Mary Mathieu 《MABS-AUSTIN》2019,11(2):422-433
Bispecific antibody production using single host cells has been a new advancement in the antibody engineering field. We previously showed comparable in vitro biological activity and in vivo mouse pharmacokinetics (PK) for two novel single cell variants (v10 and v11) and one traditional dual cell in vitro-assembled anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/CD3 T-cell dependent bispecific (TDB) antibodies. Here, we extended our previous work to assess single cell-produced bispecific variants of a novel TDB against FcRH5, a B-cell lineage marker expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells. An in vitro-assembled anti- FcRH5/CD3 TDB antibody was previously developed as a potential treatment option for MM. Two bispecific antibody variants (designs v10 and v11) for manufacturing anti-FcRH5/CD3 TDB in single cells were compared to in vitro-assembled TDB in a dual-cell process to understand whether differences in antibody design and production led to any major differences in their in vitro biological activity, in vivo mouse PK, and PK/pharmacodynamics (PD) or immunogenicity in cynomolgus monkeys (cynos). The binding, in vitro potencies, in vitro pharmacological activities and in vivo PK in mice and cynos of these single cell TDBs were comparable to those of the in vitro-assembled TDB. In addition, the single cell and in vitro-assembled TDBs exhibited robust PD activity and comparable immunogenicity in cynos. Overall, these studies demonstrate that single cell-produced and in vitro-assembled anti-FcRH5/CD3 T-cell dependent bispecific antibodies have similar in vitro and in vivo properties, and support further development of single-cell production method for anti-FcRH5/CD3 TDBs and other single-cell bispecifics. 相似文献
153.
Anaerobic enrichment culture with thiocyanate as electron donor and nitrate as electron acceptor at 2 M NaCl inoculated with
a mixture of sediments from hypersaline lakes in Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in a selection of a binary consortium
of moderately halophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) capable of complete denitrification
of nitrate with thiosulfate as the electron donor. One consortium member, strain HRhD 3sp, was isolated into pure culture
with nitrate and thiosulfate using a density gradient. This strain was responsible for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite
in the consortium, while a second strain, HRhD 2, isolated under microoxic conditions with thiosulfate as substrate, was capable
of anaerobic growth with nitrite and thiosulfate. Nitrite, either as substrate or as product, was already toxic at very low
concentrations for both strains. As a result, optimal growth under anaerobic conditions could only be achieved within the
consortium. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, both organisms were identified as new lineages within the Gammaproteobacteria. As well as thiosulfate, strain HRhD 2 can also use thiocyanate as electron donor, representing a first halophilic SOB capable
of growth with thiocyanate at 2–4 M NaCl. Product and enzymatic analysis identified the “carbonyl sulfide (COS) pathway” of
primary thiocyanate degradation in this new species. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic analysis, strain HRhD 2 is proposed
to be assigned to a new genus and species Thiohalophilus thiocyanoxidans.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
154.
Jeanine S. Geelhoed Dimitry Y. Sorokin Eric Epping Tatjana P. Tourova Horia L. Banciu Gerard Muyzer Alfons J.M. Stams & Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht 《FEMS microbiology ecology》2009,70(1):54-65
The oxic–anoxic transition zone (OATZ) of freshwater sediments, where opposing gradients exist of reduced iron and sulfide with oxygen, creates a suitable environment for microorganisms that derive energy from the oxidation of iron or sulfide. Gradient microcosms incubated with freshwater sediment showed rapid microbial turnover of sulfide and oxygen compared with sterile systems. Microcosms with FeS as a substrate also showed growth at the OATZ and subsequent dilution series resulted in the isolation of three novel strains, of which strain J10 grows chemolithoautotrophically with reduced sulfur compounds under microaerobic conditions. All three strains are motile spirilla with bipolar flagella, related to the genera Magnetospirillum and Dechlorospirillum within the Alphaproteobacteria . Strain J10 is closely related to Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and is the first strain in this genus found to be capable of autotrophic growth. Thiosulfate was oxidized completely to sulfate, with a yield of 4 g protein mol−1 thiosulfate, and autotrophic growth was evidenced by incorporation of 13 C derived from bicarbonate into biomass. A putative gene encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase type II was identified in strain J10, suggesting that the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle is used for autotrophic growth. Analogous genes are also present in other magnetospirilla, and in the autotrophically growing alphaproteobacterium magnetic vibrio MV-1. 相似文献
155.
156.
157.
Aquatic Habitat Dynamics along a Braided Alpine River Ecosystem (Tagliamento River, Northeast Italy)
Aquatic habitat change caused by flooding was quantified along the Fiume Tagliamento, a morphologically intact gravel-bed river ecosystem in northeast Italy. Five different geomorphic reaches (each around 1.5 km), ranging from near the headwaters at 800 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to near the mouth at 5 m a.s.l., were studied over a 1-year period. All floodplain water bodies in each reach were delineated in August 1999 using a differential global positioning system. Each reach was remapped twice (in December 1999 and August 2000) to investigate the impact of autumn and spring flood seasons on aquatic habitat composition and configuration. A high degree (nearly 62%) of aquatic habitat turnover was documented in a braided headwater floodplain. The degree of aquatic habitat turnover decreased with decreasing elevation to approximately 20% turnover in a meandering reach at 5 m a.s.l. In contrast to turnover, braiding, sinuosity, and aquatic habitat composition changed little in response to flooding in all reaches. Location of aquatic habitats in floodplains changed considerably (turnover), whereas habitat configuration and composition remained relatively stable. These results support the applicability of the shifting mosaic steady-state model to riverine floodplain environments. 相似文献
158.
Dimitry van der Nat Andreas P. Schmidt Klement Tockner Peter J. Edwards J. V. Ward 《Ecosystems》2002,5(7):636-647
The relationships among water level, inundated area, and shoreline dynamics were investigated in a bar-braided and an island-braided floodplain of the Tagliamento River in northeast Italy. Ground-based surveys with a differential global positioning system (aGPS) unit were used to delineate all aquatic-terrestrial interfaces (shorelines) in the active floodplain at different water levels. Despite complex inundation patterns, a highly significant (P < 0.00001) linear relationship between water level and arcsine square root of inundated area was found in both reaches (y = 0.49x + 0.07). A highly significant (P < 0.00009) second-order polynomial relationship occurred between water level and shoreline length (y = 87.83 − 65.85x2 + 169.83x). Using these relationships as simple predictive models, we converted several years of water-level data into predictions for degree of inundation and shoreline length. The plot of the simulated degree of inundation strongly resembled the actual hydrograph. Complete inundation of the active floodplains occurred one or two times per year; however, the degree of inundation at lower water levels was highly dynamic during most of the year. Simulated shoreline length averaged 171 m ha−1 (13.6 km km−1), with a maximum of 197 m ha−1 (15.6 km km−1) occurring during periods with intermediate water levels. The corresponding values determined with GPS were somewhat higher, with an average value of 181 m ha−1 (14.4 km km−1) and a maximum of 214 m ha−1 (16.3 km km−1). During major flood events, actual shoreline length decreased to 28 m ha−1 (2.1 km km−1). Braiding index and upstream surface hydrologic connectivity were positively related to water level, whereas total area of isolated water bodies was negatively related to water level. The number of nodes remained high most of the time during the 2-year study period. 相似文献