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31.
Herein, we present results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme in aqueous solution. Two configurations of the unbound form of BuChE differing in the presence or absence of a sodium ion inside the protein gorge were simulated for 10 and 5 ns, respectively. Besides complementing the structural information provided by X-ray data, the MD simulations give insight into the structure of the native BuChE enzyme. For example, it is shown that: the nucleophilic Ser(198) residue and the various binding subsites in the BuChE catalytic cavity are readily accessible from the exterior of the protein; the presence of the sodium ion dynamically explores two different binding sites in the gorge leading to the active site and stabilizes the productive conformation of the Glu(325)/His(438)/Ser(198) catalytic triad; several long-lived water bridges are fully integrated into the architecture of the active site; the positions of the residues at the rim of the gorge region display large deviations with respect to the crystal structure; and two side doors, constituted by residues situated at the tip of the acyl- and Omega-loops, respectively, open wide enough to allow the passage of water molecules. In conclusion, we compare our theoretical results with those from previous work on mouse acetylcholinesterase and discuss their implications for substrate binding and catalysis in BuChE. 相似文献
32.
Saúl A. Villafañe-Barajas João Paulo T. Baú María Colín-García Alicia Negrón-Mendoza Alejandro Heredia-Barbero Teresa Pi-Puig Dimas A. M. Zaia 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》2018,48(2):181-200
Any proposed model of Earth’s primitive environments requires a combination of geochemical variables. Many experiments are prepared in aqueous solutions and in the presence of minerals. However, most sorption experiments are performed in distilled water, and just a few in seawater analogues, mostly inconsistent with a representative primitive ocean model. Therefore, it is necessary to perform experiments that consider the composition and concentration of dissolved salts in the early ocean to understand how these variables could have affected the absorption of organic molecules into minerals. In this work, the adsorption of adenine, adenosine, and 5’AMP onto Na+montmorillonite was studied using a primitive ocean analog (4.0 Ga) from experimental and computational approaches. The order of sorption of the molecules was: 5’AMP?>?adenine > adenosine. Infrared spectra showed that the interaction between these molecules and montmorillonite occurs through the NH2 group. In addition, electrostatic interaction between negatively charged montmorillonite and positively charge N1 of these molecules could occur. Results indicate that dissolved salts affect the sorption in all cases; the size and structure of each organic molecule influence the amount sorbed. Specifically, the X-ray diffraction patterns show that dissolved salts occupy the interlayer space in Na-montmorillonite and compete with organic molecules for available sites. The adsorption capacity is clearly affected by dissolved salts in thermodynamic terms as deduced by isotherm models. Indeed, molecular dynamic models suggest that salts are absorbed in the interlamellar space and can interact with oxygen atoms exposed in the edges of clay or in its surface, reducing the sorption of the organic molecules. This research shows that the sorption process could be affected by high concentration of salts, since ions and organic molecules may compete for available sites on inorganic surfaces. Salt concentration in primitive oceans may have strongly affected the sorption, and hence the concentration processes of organic molecules on minerals. 相似文献
33.
Paulo Silva de Almeida Alan Sciamarelli Paulo Mira Batista Ademar Dimas Ferreira Jo?o Nascimento Josué Raizer José Dilermando Andrade Filho Rodrigo Gurgel-Gon?alves 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(8):992-996
To understand the geographic distribution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the state
of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, both the climatic niches of Lutzomyia
longipalpis and VL cases were analysed. Distributional data were obtained
from 55 of the 79 counties of MS between 2003-2012. Ecological niche models (ENM) of
Lu. longipalpis and VL cases were produced using the maximum
entropy algorithm based on eight climatic variables. Lu. longipalpis
showed a wide distribution in MS. The highest climatic suitability for Lu.
longipalpis was observed in southern MS. Temperature seasonality and
annual mean precipitation were the variables that most influenced these models. Two
areas of high climatic suitability for the occurrence of VL cases were predicted: one
near Aquidauana and another encompassing several municipalities in the southeast
region of MS. As expected, a large overlap between the models for Lu.
longipalpis and VL cases was detected. Northern and northwestern areas of
MS were suitable for the occurrence of cases, but did not show high climatic
suitability for Lu. longipalpis . ENM of vectors and human cases
provided a greater understanding of the geographic distribution of VL in MS, which
can be applied to the development of future surveillance strategies. 相似文献
34.
Amanda Mizukami Maristela D. Orellana Sâmia R. Caruso Karen de Lima Prata Dimas T. Covas Kamilla Swiech 《Biotechnology progress》2013,29(2):568-572
The need for efficient and reliable technologies for clinical‐scale expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has led to the use of disposable bioreactors and culture systems. Here, we evaluate the expansion of cord blood‐derived MSC in a disposable fixed bed culture system. Starting from an initial cell density of 6.0 × 107 cells, after 7 days of culture, it was possible to produce of 4.2(±0.8) × 108 cells, which represents a fold increase of 7.0 (±1.4). After enzymatic retrieval from Fibra‐Cell disks, the cells were able to maintain their potential for differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes and were positive for many markers common to MSC (CD73, CD90, and CD105). The results obtained in this study demonstrate that MSC can be efficiently expanded in the culture system. This novel approach presents several advantages over the current expansion systems, based on culture flasks or microcarrier‐based spinner flasks and represents a key element for MSC cellular therapy according to GMP compliant clinical‐scale production system. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 568–572, 2013 相似文献
35.
Abdillah Dimas Arya Kereilwe Onalenna Mizukami Yoichi Watanabe Kenji Kadokawa Hiroya 《Mammalian genome》2022,33(4):606-618
Mammalian Genome - Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary (AP) gland is imperative, however, is suppressed by aging via unclear mechanisms. Therefore, we identified differentially expressed... 相似文献
36.
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection can be a life-threatening condition among patients with hereditary (chronic) hemolytic anemias. Our objective was to characterize the infection molecularly among patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Forty-seven patients (37 with sickle cell disease, and 10 with β-thalassemia major) as well as 47 healthy blood donors were examined for B19V infection by anti-B19V IgG enzyme immunoassay, quantitative PCR, which detects all B19V genotypes, and DNA sequencing. B19V viremia was documented in nine patients (19.1%) as two displayed acute infection and the rest had a low titre viremia (mean 3.4?× 10(4) copies/mL). All donors were negative for B19V DNA. Anti-B19V IgG was detected in 55.3% of the patients and 57.4% among the donors. Based on partial NS1 fragments, all patient isolates were classified as genotype 1 and subgenotype 1A. The evolutionary events of the examined partial NS1 gene sequence were associated with a lack of positive selection. The quantification of all B19V genotypes by a single hydrolytic probe is a technically useful method, but it is difficult to establish relationships between B19V sequence characteristics and infection outcome. 相似文献
37.
Saldanha-Araujo F Haddad R Farias KC Souza Ade P Palma PV Araujo AG Orellana MD Voltarelli JC Covas DT Zago MA Panepucci RA 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2012,16(6):1232-1244
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to induce the conversion of activated T cells into regulatory T cells in vitro. The marker CD69 is a target of canonical nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling and is transiently expressed upon activation; however, stable CD69 expression defines cells with immunoregulatory properties. Given its enormous therapeutic potential, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of regulatory cells by MSCs. Peripheral blood CD3(+) T cells were activated and cultured in the presence or absence of MSCs. CD4(+) cell mRNA expression was then characterized by microarray analysis. The drug BAY11-7082 (BAY) and a siRNA against v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB) were used to explore the differential roles of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signalling, respectively. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR were used for analyses. Genes with immunoregulatory functions, CD69 and non-canonical NF-κB subunits (RELB and NFKB2) were all expressed at higher levels in lymphocytes co-cultured with MSCs. The frequency of CD69(+) cells among lymphocytes cultured alone progressively decreased after activation. In contrast, the frequency of CD69(+) cells increased significantly following activation in lymphocytes co-cultured with MSCs. Inhibition of canonical NF-κB signalling by BAY immediately following activation blocked the induction of CD69; however, inhibition of canonical NF-κB signalling on the third day further induced the expression of CD69. Furthermore, late expression of CD69 was inhibited by RELB siRNA. These results indicate that the canonical NF-κB pathway controls the early expression of CD69 after activation; however, in an immunoregulatory context, late and sustained CD69 expression is promoted by the non-canonical pathway and is inhibited by canonical NF-κB signalling. 相似文献
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39.
Herein we use different computational methods to study the structure and energetic stability of the catalytic domain of the active MMP-2 enzyme considering two different orientations of its N-terminal coil. The first orientation is largely solvent accessible and corresponds to that observed in the 1CK7 crystal structure of the proenzyme. In the second orientation, the N-terminal coil is packed against the Omega-loop and the alpha3-helix of the MMP-2 enzyme likewise in the so-called "superactivated" form of other MMPs. Binding to the MMP-2 catalytic domain of a short peptide substrate, which mimics the sequence of the alpha1 chain of collagen type I, is also examined considering again the two configurations of the N-terminal coil. All these MMP-2 models are subject to 20 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by MM-PBSA (Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area) calculations. The positioning of the N-terminal coil in the "superactivated" form is found to be energetically favored for the MMP-2 enzyme. Moreover, this configuration of the N-terminal moiety can facilitate the binding of peptide substrates. Globally, the results obtained in this study could be relevant for the structural-based design of specific MMP inhibitors. 相似文献
40.
Bárbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Paes Pablo Diego Moço Cristiano Gonçalves Pereira Geciane Silveira Porto Elisa Maria de Sousa Russo Luiza Cunha Junqueira Reis Dimas Tadeu Covas Virginia Picanço-Castro 《Cell biology and toxicology》2017,33(3):233-250
Ten years have passed since the first publication announcing the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Issues related to ethics, immune rejection, and cell availability seemed to be solved following this breakthrough. The development of iPSC technology allows advances in in vitro cell differentiation for cell therapy purpose and other clinical applications. This review provides a perspective on the iPSC potential for cell therapies, particularly for hematological applications. We discuss the advances in in vitro hematopoietic differentiation, the possibilities to employ iPSC in hematology studies, and their potential clinical application in hematologic diseases. The generation of red blood cells and functional T cells and the genome editing technology applied to mutation correction are also covered. We highlight some of the requirements and obstacles to be overcome before translating these cells from research to the clinic, for instance, iPSC variability, genotoxicity, the differentiation process, and engraftment. Also, we evaluate the patent landscape and compile the clinical trials in the field of pluripotent stem cells. Currently, we know much more about iPSC than in 2006, but there are still challenges that must be solved. A greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of hematopoietic stem cells is necessary to produce suitable and transplantable hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from iPSC. 相似文献