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91.
Claire SM Kwan Rafael P Vázquez-Manrique Sung Ly Kshamata Goyal Howard A Baylis 《BMC physiology》2008,8(1):11
Background
Ultradian rhythms, rhythms with a period of less than 24 hours, are a widespread and fundamental aspect of life. The mechanisms underlying the control of such rhythms remain only partially understood. Defecation in C. elegans is a very tightly controlled rhythmic process. Underlying the defecation motor programme is an oscillator which functions in the intestinal cells of the animal. This mechanism includes periodic calcium release and subsequent intercellular calcium waves which in turn regulate the muscle contractions that make up the defecation motor programme. Here we investigate the role of TRPM cation channels in this process. 相似文献92.
93.
Control of nematode parasites with reduced reliance on the use of anthelmintics was studied in 16 ewes with suckling twin
lambs on contaminated pasture in Denmark. Ewes and lambs were treated with albendazole at turn-out 3 May. Ewes were removed
from the groups on 26 July, and lambs were slaughtered on 11 October. The animals were allocated to 4 groups of 8 lambs and
their 4 ewes. Group TS was treated with albendazole at weeks 3, 6 and 8 after turnout and set-stocked; group TM was similarly
treated but moved to clean pasture in conjunction with the last drenching; group US was untreated and set-stocked, and group
UM was left untreated but moved to clean pasture week 8 after turn-out. Supplementary feed was offered in June and August
due to scarcity of pasture. Strategic treatments of ewes and lambs weeks 3, 6 and 8 after turn-out, with or without a move
to clean pasture, were highly effective in controlling nematode infections for most of the season. This was reflected in better
weight gains and carcass characteristics in the treated compared to untreated lambs, resulting in an average increase in the
value of the product by 36%. The effect of moving without treatment (UM) on faecal egg counts was limited but peak pasture
infectivity was reduced to less than 10% compared to the set-stocked group and weight gains of lambs were significantly better
despite poor feed availability in late season. The study showed that under set-stocked conditions repeated anthelmintic treatments
of both ewes and lambs in early season may ensure sufficient nematode control whereas moving animals to clean pasture without
dosing was less efficient. The latter may, however, still be a viable option in organic and other production systems where
routine use of anthelmintics is banned, particularly if weaning and moving are combined or a second move is performed. 相似文献
94.
The agricultural sector, and particularly the horticultural production, has a singular importance in agriculture, considering that it ranks second on agricultural products, nationally and worldwide. Fungal diseases are one of the major causes of vegetable loss during storage, reducing their nutritional value, quality and sale price. Vegetables are usually exposed to diverse treatments with chemical products before storage; as a result, fungal populations develop an increased resistance over time becoming more difficult to control. Because of this, research efforts toward finding more suitable chemicals to control fungal diseases are needed. Natural extracts may be an alternative solve this problem. In the present investigation the fungicidal activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Agave scabra was evaluated on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp., whose strains were isolated from potato and tomato. To assess their effects, the agar-dilution and agar-well techniques were performed. The ethanol extract was more effective against Botrytis cinerea and Mucor sp. when the agar-well method was used. However, when using the agar-dilution method the ethanol extract of Agave scabra inhibited the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Mucor sp. and Penicillium sp. 相似文献
95.
C Magnoli SM Chiacchiera R Miazzo G Palacio A Angeletti C Hallak A Dalcero 《Mycotoxin Research》2002,18(1):7-22
Feedstuffs used for poultry nutrition in Argentina were analyzed for fungal flora and natural incidence of mycotoxins. Survey
of 120 samples of poultry feeds, taken from May 1998 to April 1999, showed the presence of 15 genera of filamentous fungi.
The predominant genera wereFusarium spp. andPenicillium ssp., isolated in 67.5 % of the samples, followed byAspergillus spp. (57.5 %). Yeast, were significantly isolated from most of the samples. Species identification was carried down for the
toxigenic genera. Fungal total counts of poultry feeds ranged from 2.0 × 103 to 3.0 × 105 CFU g-1 The fungal total counts during two months of sampling, were slightly over the limit value of 1 × 105 CFU g-1, which ensure the hygienic quality of the feed. Potentially toxicogenic species presented moderate mean colony counts. Many
of the fungi isolated from poultry feeds are mycotoxin producers. Fumonisins had the highest incidence, and were found in
97 % of the analyzed samples followed by aflatoxin B1 (46 %), zearalenone (18 %) and deoxynivalenol (6 %). On the co-occurrence of both carcinogenic mycotoxins, all of the FBs
contaminated feed samples were co-contaminated with AFB1. The results show the relevance of the samples screening for viable fungi propagules and the surveillance of their associated
mycotoxins in poultry feeds. 相似文献
96.
J R Trevithick H Xiong S Lee D T Shum S E Sanford S J Karlik C Norley G R Dilworth 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1992,296(2):575-582
Exposure of the skin of the back of skh-1 hairless mice to UVB (310 nm peak) irradiation at doses of 0.115-0.23 J/cm2 results after 24-48 h in an erythema which can be quantified using an erythema meter, providing a useful model of sunburn. Application of pure d-alpha-tocopherol acetate, a thick oil, to the skin immediately following the exposure to UVB significantly reduces the increase in erythema index, by 40-55%. At the lower dose (0.115 J/cm2), skin thickness (associated with edematous swelling of the sunburned skin) was measured by a novel non-invasive technique not previously reported for this purpose--magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In two experiments the UVB-induced increase in skin thickness was significantly reduced at 24 hr by 29 and 54%, and at 48 hr by 26 and 61%. After 8 days the untreated irradiated mouse skin still showed a significant increase in thickness (24%) compared to the untreated unirradiated control, while the treated irradiated control was not significantly thicker than the unexposed control. Skin sensitivity was tested using a modification of the technique of esthesiometry, by observing rapid avoidance responses of the mouse to a pressure of 0.96 g/cm2 exerted by applying to the skin the tip of a nylon esthesiometer fiber extended to 60 mm in length. The untreated irradiated mice were more sensitive (p less than 0.07, Wilcoxon test) than the treated irradiated mice, and also significantly different from the untreated unirradiated control mice (p less than 0.04, Wilcoxon test), but the treated irradiated mice were not significantly differently sensitive when compared to the unirradiated controls (p less than 0.32). Taken together these data indicate that the erythema, edema, and skin sensitivity commonly associated with UVB-induced sunburn are significantly reduced by topical application of tocopherol acetate even after the exposure has occurred. This observation suggests that treatment of sunburn may be possible even after the irradiation has stopped, by a derivative of d-alpha-tocopherol which is stable to autooxidation. 相似文献
97.
Nitrogen fixation in legume root nodules requires biochemical cooperation between the plant and Rhizobium cells. Bacteroids contribute the N2-fixing system and haem for leghaemoglobin, but apart from the production of the globin moiety of leghaemoglobin and the assimilation and export of the NH3 produced, little is known about the contributions of the plant. It now appears that the plant cell may regulate the type and/or quantity of carbon compounds supplied to the Rhizobium bacteroids. 相似文献
98.
Control of leghaemoglobin synthesis in snake beans 总被引:47,自引:1,他引:46
1. The finding that the plant is the genetic determinant of leghaemoglobin production in legume nodules was further tested by inoculating snake beans with two strains of Rhizobium selected to give large genetic differences. Carbohydrate requirement patterns, immunological techniques and DNA base ratio determinations were used to demonstrate genetic differences between the two rhizobial strains. 2. Partially purified preparations of the haemoglobins from the nodules produced by the two strains showed no differences when examined by electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing or ion-exchange chromatography. 3. Two different leghaemoglobins from each type of nodule were separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. One of these was isolated in the Fe(3+) form and accounted for two-thirds of the total leghaemoglobin. When it was examined in the analytical ultracentrifuge and by amino acid analysis, this major component did not vary with the inoculant rhizobial strain. The molecule had an s(20,w) of 1.88S, a diffusion coefficient of 10.7x10(-7)cm(2).s(-1) and a mol. wt. of 16700. 4. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the mRNA for leghaemoglobin is transcribed from plant DNA. 相似文献
99.
The effect of sulfur limitation on sulfate transport and metabolism was studied in four bradyrhizobia strains using sulfur-limited and sulfur-excess chemostat cultures. Characteristics of bradyrhizobia associated with sulfurlimitation were determined and these parameters used to bioassay the sulfur status of bacteroids in nodules on sulfur adequate or sulfur deficient soybean and peanut plants. Sulfur-limited cells took up sulfate 16- to 100-fold faster than sulfur-rich cells. The sulfate-uptake system appeared similar in all strains with apparent K
m values ranging from 3.1 M to 20 M sulfate with maximum activities between 1.6 and 10 nmol·min-1·mg-1 protein of cells. Sulfate-limited cells of all strains derepressed the enzyme alkaline sulfatase in parallel with the derepression of the sulfate transport system. Similarly, the initial enzyme of sulfate assimilation (ATP sulfurylase) was fully derepressed in sulfur-limited cultures. Bacteroids isolated from sulfur adequate and sulfur deficient soybean and peanut possessed very limited sulfate uptake activity and low levels of activity of ATP sulfurylase as well as lacking alkaline sulfatase activity. These results indicate bacteriods have access to adequate sulfur to meet their requirements even when the host plant is sulfur-deficient.Abbreviations CCCP
Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide 相似文献
100.
Chromosome replication in cell-free systems from Xenopus eggs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J J Blow S M Dilworth C Dingwall A D Mills R A Laskey 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》1987,317(1187):483-494
Cell-free systems from eggs of the frog Xenopus laevis are able to perform most of the acts of eukaryotic chromosome replication in vitro. This now includes the crucial regulatory step of initiation, which had only been achieved for viral systems previously. Purified DNA or nuclei are able to initiate and complete semi-conservation replication in egg extracts in vitro (Blow & Laskey, Cell 47, 557-587 (1986). Replication does not require specialized DNA sequences either in vitro or in microinjected eggs, but in both systems large templates replicate more efficiently than small templates. In some cases replication can re-initiate, excluding the possibility that replication is primed by preexisting primers in the template preparations. When nuclei are replicated in vitro, only one round of replication is observed in a single incubation resembling the single round of replication observed for purified DNA after micro-injection. The mechanism that prevents re-initiation of replication within a single cell cycle is discussed and certain models are eliminated. Nucleosome assembly from histones and DNA has also been studied in cell-free systems from Xenopus eggs. Fractionation has led to the identification of two acidic proteins called nucleoplasmin and N1, which bind histones and transfer them to DNA. The sequences of both proteins have been determined by cDNA cloning and sequencing. Both proteins are found as complexes with histones in eggs. 相似文献