An actinomycete that changes wall composition during sporulation

Wall analyses on recently isolated strains of Willoughby's 'spore-dome' actino-mycetes grown in submerged culture would suggest that the peptidoglycan contained ll -diaminopimelic acid ( ll -DAP) or meso -DAP or even mixtures of the two isomers. This chemotaxonomic paradox was explained when it was shown that the vegetative mycelium had walls containing ll -DAP and glycine (wall chemotype I) and that spores contained only meso -DAP as the diagnostic amino acid (wall chemotype III). Our earlier data had been obtained from preparations derived from biomass containing mixtures of spores and vegetative mycelium.     

Schizosaccharomyces pombe and its Ni(II)-insensitive mutant GA1 in Ni(II) uptake from aqueous solutions: a biodynamic model

In the present study, Ni(II) uptake from aqueous solution by living cells of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid 972 with h ^? mating type and a Ni(II)-insensitive mutant GA1 derived from 972 was investigated at various initial glucose and Ni(II) concentrations. A biodynamic model was developed to predict the unsteady and steady-state phases of the uptake process. Gompertz growth and uptake process parameters were optimized to predict the maximum growth rate μ _m and the process metric C _r, the remaining Ni(II) content in the aqueous solution. The simulated overall metal uptake values were found to be in acceptable agreement with experimental results. The model validation was done through regression statistics and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. To gain insight into the phenomenon of Ni(II) uptake by wild-type and mutant S. pombe, probable active and passive metal transport mechanisms in yeast cells were discussed in view of the simulation results. The present work revealed the potential of mutant GA1 to remove Ni(II) cations from aqueous media. The results obtained provided new insights for understanding the combined effect of biosorption and bioaccumulation processes for metal removal and offered a possibility for the use of growing mutant S. pombe cell in bioremediation.     

Antioxidant responses in Phanerochaete chrysosporium exposed to Astrazone Red FBL textile dye

Interest in environmental‐pollutant‐induced oxidative stress and knowledge of the interactions between reactive oxygen species and cellular systems have increased in toxicology and microbial ecology considerably in recent decades. These reactive oxidants are produced by a variety of environmental sources: ionizing radiations, ultraviolet light, redox cycling drugs, hyperoxia, ischemia and redox‐active xenobiotics or during metabolism of environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals in mining industries, dyes in wastewater of textile industries, pesticides and polycyclic hydrocarbons, i.e. foreign materials. In this study, the effect of dye on the antioxidative defence system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated, and we showed the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to antioxidative response and defence system exposed to Astrazone Red FBL. Catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione s‐transferase activities and level of glutathione decreased, depending on the period of growth in each exposure to low and high concentration group (20 and 50 ppm) compared with the control group. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sleep measurements in women with dysthymic disorder and insomnia

Sleep and Biological Rhythms - To determine the effects of trazodone, mirtazapine and hydroxyzine on sleep profiles of dysthymic disorder (DD) women with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor...     

Thermoluminescence properties of the rock naturally annealed for thousands of years by flames from the earth's inner layers

The gas leak in Chimaera near Çıralı, Antalya, has been active for thousands of years. It is also known to be the source of the first Olympic flame in the Hellenistic period. The sample taken from the Chimaere seepage annealed for thousands of years was determined to be calcite-magnesian (Ca, Mg)O₃. In this study, thermoluminescence (TL) properties of calcite-magnesian annealed for thousands of years in the fire caused by methane gas were investigated for particle size, dose–response, heating rate, and fading experiments. It exhibits a clear TL glow curve with two distinct peaks positioned at 160 and 330°C, and its shape is not affected by variation in applied dose and reproduciility of experiment. There is a wide linear relationship between TL output and applied dose up to 614 Gy. Although the positions of the TL peaks are stable with the cycle of measurement, a poor reusability was observed in terms of the area under the TL glow curve and peak intensity.     

The immune system as a chronotoxicity target of the anticancer mTOR inhibitor everolimus

The circadian timing system controls many biological functions in mammals including xenobiotic metabolism, detoxification, cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune functions. Everolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, whose immunosuppressant properties are both desired in transplant patients and unwanted in cancer patients, where it is indicated for its antiproliferative efficacy. Here we sought whether everolimus circadian timing would predictably modify its immunosuppressive effects so as to optimize this drug through timing. C57BL/6J mice were synchronized with light-dark 12h:12h, with L onset at Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 0. Everolimus was administered orally to male (5 mg/kg/day) and female mice (15 mg/kg/day) at ZT1, during early rest span or at ZT13, during early activity span for 4 weeks. Body weight loss, as well as hematological, immunological and biochemical toxicities, were determined. Spleen and thymus were examined histologically. Everolimus toxicity was less severe following dosing at ZT13, as compared to ZT1, as shown with least body weight inhibition in both genders; least reductions in thymus weight both in males (p < 0.01) and females (p < 0.001), least reduction in female spleen weight (p < 0.05), and less severe thymic medullar atrophy both in males (p < 0.001) and females (p < 0.001). The mean circulating counts in total leukocytes, total lymphocytes, T-helper and B lymphocytes displayed minor and non-significant changes following dosing at ZT13, while they were decreased by 56.9% (p < 0.01), 45.5% (p < 0.01), 43.1% (p < 0.05) and 48.7% (p < 0.01) after everolimus at ZT1, respectively, in only male mice. Chronotherapy of everolimus is an effective way to increase the general tolerability and decrease toxicity on the immune system.     

The Role of Oxidative Stress,Renal Inflammation,and Apoptosis in Post Ischemic Reperfusion Injury of Kidney Tissue: the Protective Effect of Dose-Dependent Boric Acid Administration

Biological Trace Element Research - Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with a strong inflammatory and oxidative stress response to hypoxia and reperfusion that impair organ function....     

Immobilization of Ene Reductase in Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel

The Protein Journal - In this study, ene reductase (ER) was entrapped in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, adsorbed on montmorillonite and immobilized covalently on glutaraldehyde activated...