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31.
32.
Wood K Paz A Dijkstra K Scheek RM Otten R Silman I Sussman JL Mulder FA 《Biomolecular NMR assignments》2012,6(1):15-18
Neuroligins act as heterophilic adhesion molecules at neuronal synapses. Their cytoplasmic domains interact with synaptic
scaffolding proteins, and have been shown to be intrinsically disordered. Here we report the backbone and side chain 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments for the cytoplasmic domain of human neuroligin 3. 相似文献
33.
Brison Y Pijning T Malbert Y Fabre É Mourey L Morel S Potocki-Véronèse G Monsan P Tranier S Remaud-Siméon M Dijkstra BW 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(11):7915-7924
ΔN123-glucan-binding domain-catalytic domain 2 (ΔN123-GBD-CD2) is a truncated form of the bifunctional glucansucrase DSR-E from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299. It was constructed by rational truncation of GBD-CD2, which harbors the second catalytic domain of DSR-E. Like GBD-CD2, this variant displays α-(1→2) branching activity when incubated with sucrose as glucosyl donor and (oligo-)dextran as acceptor, transferring glucosyl residues to the acceptor via a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism. This allows the formation of prebiotic molecules containing controlled amounts of α-(1→2) linkages. The crystal structure of the apo α-(1→2) branching sucrase ΔN123-GBD-CD2 was solved at 1.90 Å resolution. The protein adopts the unusual U-shape fold organized in five distinct domains, also found in GTF180-ΔN and GTF-SI glucansucrases of glycoside hydrolase family 70. Residues forming subsite −1, involved in binding the glucosyl residue of sucrose and catalysis, are strictly conserved in both GTF180-ΔN and ΔN123-GBD-CD2. Subsite +1 analysis revealed three residues (Ala-2249, Gly-2250, and Phe-2214) that are specific to ΔN123-GBD-CD2. Mutation of these residues to the corresponding residues found in GTF180-ΔN showed that Ala-2249 and Gly-2250 are not directly involved in substrate binding and regiospecificity. In contrast, mutant F2214N had lost its ability to branch dextran, although it was still active on sucrose alone. Furthermore, three loops belonging to domains A and B at the upper part of the catalytic gorge are also specific to ΔN123-GBD-CD2. These distinguishing features are also proposed to be involved in the correct positioning of dextran acceptor molecules allowing the formation of α-(1→2) branches. 相似文献
34.
Structure of Spa15, a type III secretion chaperone from Shigella flexneri with broad specificity 下载免费PDF全文
Type III secretion (TTS) systems are used by many Gram-negative pathogens to inject virulence proteins into the cells of their hosts. Several of these virulence effectors require TTS chaperones that maintain them in a secretion-competent state. Whereas most chaperones bind only one effector, Spa15 from the human pathogen Shigella flexneri and homologous chaperones bind several seemingly unrelated effectors, and were proposed to form a special subgroup. Its 1.8 A crystal structure confirms this specific classification, showing that Spa15 has the same fold as other TTS effector chaperones, but forms a different dimer. The presence of hydrophobic sites on the Spa15 surface suggests that the different Spa15 effectors all possess similar structural elements that can bind these sites. Furthermore, the Spa15 structure reveals larger structural differences between class I chaperones than previously anticipated, which does not support the hypothesis that chaperone-effector complexes are structurally conserved and function as three-dimensional secretion signals. 相似文献
35.
This study compared Pundamilia nyererei and Pundamilia pundamilia males in routine metabolic rate (RR) and in the metabolic costs males pay during territorial interactions (active metabolic rate, RA). Pundamilia nyererei and P. pundamilia males housed in social isolation did not differ in RR. In contrast to expectation, however, P. nyererei males used less oxygen than P. pundamilia males, for a given mass and level of agonistic activity. This increased metabolic efficiency may be an adaptation to limit the metabolic cost that P. nyererei males pay for their higher rate of aggressiveness compared to P. pundamilia males. Thus, the divergence between the species in agonistic behaviour is correlated with metabolic differentiation. Such concerted divergence in physiology and behaviour might be widespread in the dramatically diverse cichlid radiations in East African lakes and may be an important factor in the remarkably rapid speciation of these fishes. The results did not support the hypothesis that higher metabolic rates caused a physiological cost to P. nyererei males that would offset their dominance advantage. 相似文献
36.
T. M. H. Dijkstra G. Schöner M. A. Giese C. C. A. M. Gielen 《Biological cybernetics》1994,71(6):489-501
When standing human subjects are exposed to a moving visual environment, the induced postural sway displays varying degrees
of coherence with the visual information. In our experiment we varied the frequency of an oscillatory visual display and analysed
the temporal relationship between visual motion and sway. We found that subjects maintain sizeable sway amplitudes even as
temporal coherence with the display is lost. Postural sway tended to phase lead (for frequencies below 0.2 Hz) or phase lag
(above 0.3 Hz). However, we also observed at a fixed frequency, highly variable phase relationships in which a preferred range
of phase lags is prevalent, but phase jumps occur that return the system into the preferred range after phase has begun drifting
out of the preferred regime. By comparing the results quantitatively with a dynamical model (the sine-circle map), we show
that this effect can be understood as a form of relative coordination and arises through an instability of the dynamics of
the action-perception cycle. Because such instabilities cannot arise in passively driven systems, we conclude that postural
sway in this situation is actively generated as rhythmic movement which is coupled dynamically to the visual motion.
Received: 7 September 1993/Accepted in revised form: 2 May 1994 相似文献
37.
The NMR side-chain assignments and solution structure of enzyme IIBcellobiose of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli. 下载免费PDF全文
E. Ab G. Schuurman-Wolters J. Reizer M. H. Saier K. Dijkstra R. M. Scheek G. T. Robillard 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1997,6(2):304-314
The assignment of the side-chain NMR resonances and the determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of the C10S mutant of enzyme IIBcellobiose (IIBcel) of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli are presented. The side-chain resonances were assigned nearly completely using a variety of mostly heteronuclear NMR experiments, including HCCH-TOCSY, HCCH-COSY, and COCCH-TOCSY experiments as well as CBCACOHA, CBCA(CO)NH, and HBHA(CBCA)(CO)NH experiments. In order to obtain the three-dimensional structure, NOE data were collected from 15N-NOESY-HSQC, 13C-HSQC-NOESY, and 2D NOE experiments. The distance restraints derived from these NOE data were used in distance geometry calculations followed by molecular dynamics and simulated annealing protocols. In an iterative procedure, additional NOE assignments were derived from the calculated structures and new structures were calculated. The final set of structures, calculated with approximately 2000 unambiguous and ambiguous distance restraints, has an rms deviation of 1.1 A on C alpha atoms. IIBcel consists of a four stranded parallel beta-sheet, in the order 2134. The sheet is flanked with two and three alpha-helices on either side. Residue 10, a cysteine in the wild-type enzyme, which is phosphorylated during the catalytic cycle, is located at the end of the first beta-strand. A loop that is proposed to be involved in the binding of the phosphoryl-group follows the cysteine. The loop appears to be disordered in the unphosphorylated state. 相似文献
38.
Yolima Carrillo Feike A. Dijkstra Elise Pendall Dan LeCain Colin Tucker 《Biogeochemistry》2014,117(2-3):229-240
Microbial decomposer C metabolism is considered a factor controlling soil C stability, a key regulator of global climate. The plant rhizosphere is now recognized as a crucial driver of soil C dynamics but specific mechanisms by which it can affect C processing are unclear. Climate change could affect microbial C metabolism via impacts on the plant rhizosphere. Using continuous 13C labelling under controlled conditions that allowed us to quantify SOM derived-C in all pools and fluxes, we evaluated the microbial metabolism of soil C in the rhizosphere of a C4 native grass exposed to elevated CO2 and under variation in N concentrations in soil and in plant root C:N stoichiometry. Our results demonstrated that this plant can influence soil C metabolism and further, that elevated CO2 conditions can alter this role by increasing microbial C efficiency as indicated by a reduction in soil-derived C respiration per unit of soil C-derived microbial biomass. Moreover, under elevated CO2 increases in soil N, and notably, root tissue N concentration increased C efficiency, suggesting elevated CO2 shifted the stoichiometric balance so N availability was a more critical factor regulating efficiency than under ambient conditions. The root C:N stoichiometry effect indicates that plant chemical traits such as root N concentration are able to influence the metabolism of soil C and that elevated CO2 conditions can modulate this role. Increased efficiency in soil C use was associated with negative rhizosphere priming and we hypothesize that the widely observed phenomenon of rhizosphere priming may result, at least in part, from changes in the metabolic efficiency of microbial populations. Observed changes in the microbial community support that shifting microbial populations were a contributing factor to the observed metabolic responses. Our case study points at greater efficiency of the SOM-degrading populations in a high CO2, high N world, potentially leading to greater C storage of microbially assimilated C in soil. 相似文献
39.
Yolima Carrillo Feike A. Dijkstra Dan LeCain Jack A. Morgan Dana Blumenthal Sarah Waldron Elise Pendall 《Oecologia》2014,175(2):699-711
Future ecosystem properties of grasslands will be driven largely by belowground biomass responses to climate change, which are challenging to understand due to experimental and technical constraints. We used a multi-faceted approach to explore single and combined impacts of elevated CO2 and warming on root carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in a temperate, semiarid, native grassland at the Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment experiment. To investigate the indirect, moisture mediated effects of elevated CO2, we included an irrigation treatment. We assessed root standing mass, morphology, residence time and seasonal appearance/disappearance of community-aggregated roots, as well as mass and N losses during decomposition of two dominant grass species (a C3 and a C4). In contrast to what is common in mesic grasslands, greater root standing mass under elevated CO2 resulted from increased production, unmatched by disappearance. Elevated CO2 plus warming produced roots that were longer, thinner and had greater surface area, which, together with greater standing biomass, could potentially alter root function and dynamics. Decomposition increased under environmental conditions generated by elevated CO2, but not those generated by warming, likely due to soil desiccation with warming. Elevated CO2, particularly under warming, slowed N release from C4—but not C3—roots, and consequently could indirectly affect N availability through treatment effects on species composition. Elevated CO2 and warming effects on root morphology and decomposition could offset increased C inputs from greater root biomass, thereby limiting future net C accrual in this semiarid grassland. 相似文献