排序方式: 共有76条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Diarra MS Rempel H Champagne J Masson L Pritchard J Topp E 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2010,76(24):8033-8043
Enterococci are now frequent causative agents of nosocomial infections. In this study, we analyzed the frequency and distribution of antibiotic resistance and virulence genotypes of Enterococcus isolates from broiler chickens. Fecal and cecal samples from nine commercial poultry farms were collected to quantify total enterococci. Sixty-nine presumptive enterococci were isolated and identified by API 20 Strep, and their susceptibilities to antibiotics were determined. Genotypes were assessed through the use of a novel DNA microarray carrying 70 taxonomic, 17 virulence, and 174 antibiotic resistance gene probes. Total enterococcal counts were different from farm to farm and between sample sources (P < 0.01). Fifty-one (74%) of the isolates were identified as E. faecium, whereas nine (13%), seven (10%), and two (3%) isolates were identified as E. hirae, E. faecalis, and E. gallinarum, respectively. Multiple-antibiotic resistance was evident in E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates. The most common multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype was Bac Ery Tyl Lin Str Gen Tet Cip. Genes conferring resistance to aminoglycoside (aac, aacA-aphD, aadB, aphA, sat4), macrolide (ermA, ermB, ermAM, msrC), tetracycline (tetL, tetM, tetO), streptogramin (satG_vatE8), bacitracin (bcrR), and lincosamide (linB) antibiotics were detected in corresponding phenotypes. A range of 9 to 12 different virulence genes was found in E. faecalis, including ace, agg, agrB(Efs) (agrB gene of E. faecalis), cad1, the cAM373 and cCF10 genes, cob, cpd1, cylAB, efaA(Efs), and gelE. All seven E. faecalis isolates were found to carry the gelE gene and to hydrolize gelatin and bile salts. Results from this study showed the presence of enterococci of public and environmental health concerns in broiler chicken farms and demonstrated the utility of a microarray to quickly and reliably analyze resistance and virulence genotypes of Enterococcus spp. 相似文献
22.
Chaventré A Delafosse J Rhaly AA Diarra JN Bellis G Roux F Kouamé P Pitté A Mayer G Gaimard M Dilumbu I 《Collegium antropologicum》1998,22(1):1-8
The iodine deficiency (ID), which affects 1 person out of 6, is relatively neglected by the responsible of Public Health Service, particularly in developing countries. Consequences of ID are far from being negligible: mental retardation, hypofertility, hyperplasia, carcinoma, early ageing and, in very exposed areas, endemic cretinism. Nevertheless, eradication is easy and cheap but it requires rigorous protocols and control of results. The elaboration of these protocols is complex because it must be adapted to environment, population and financial possibilities of concerned countries. Based on our experience in this field, we propose a combined protocol, between the Public Health too liberal approach and that of too expensive research, which can be adapted to several situations. 相似文献
23.
Monique L'Hostis Oumar Diarra Henri Seegers 《Experimental & applied acarology》1994,18(11-12):681-689
A sample of 110 lactating dairy cows was examined to describe the attachment sites of female Ixodes ricinus ticks and to assess whether counts on one or two body areas can predict infestation and its level. Seventy per cent of the cows were infested by I. ricinus and the average tick burden on the infested cows was 15, ranging from 1 to 136. Preferred attachment sites were the axilla, udder/groin, neck, dewlap and flank. Udder/groin and axilla carryied respectively 35.3% and 44.1% of the total tick burden. To predict infestation (yes/no), sensitivity of counts on axilla, on udder/groin and on both areas was respectively, 76.6%, 80.6% and 94.8%. Total burden prediction equations based on count on axilla and udder/groin are presented. 相似文献
24.
25.
Adama Gansane Issa Nebie Ouedraogo Noelie Bere Henry Issiaka Soulama Esperance Ouedraogo Jean-Baptiste Yaro Amidou Diarra Sombie Benjamin Amadou Tidiani Konate Alfred Tiono Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(5):644-650
During the season of high malaria transmission, most children are
infected by Plasmodium, which targets red blood cells (RBCs),
affecting haematological parameters. To describe these variations, we examined
the haematological profiles of two groups of children living in a
malaria-endemic area. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the peak of the
malaria transmission season in a rural area of Burkina Faso. After informed
consent and clinical examination, blood samples were obtained from the
participants for malaria diagnosis and a full blood count. Of the 414 children
included in the analysis, 192 were not infected with
Plasmodium, whereas 222 were asymptomatic carriers of
Plasmodium infection. The mean age of the infected children
was 41.8 months (range of 26.4-57.2) compared to 38.8 months (range of
22.4-55.2) for the control group (p = 0.06). The asymptomatic infected children
tended to have a significantly lower mean haemoglobin level (10.8 g/dL vs. 10.4
g/dL; p < 0.001), mean lymphocyte count (4592/µL vs. 5141/µL; p = 0.004),
mean platelet count (266 x 103/µL vs. 385 x 103/µL; p < 0.001) and mean RBC
count (4.388 x 106/µL vs. 4.158 x 106/µL; p < 0.001) and a higher mean
monocyte count (1403/µL vs. 1192/µL; p < 0.001) compared to the control
group. Special attention should be applied when interpreting haematological
parameters and evaluating immune responses in asymptomatic infected children
living in malaria-endemic areas and enrolled in vaccine trials. 相似文献
26.
Mame T. Bakhoum Moussa Fall Assane G. Fall Glenn A. Bellis Yuval Gottlieb Karien Labuschagne Gert J. Venter Mariame Diop Iba Mall Momar T. Seck Xavier Allène Maryam Diarra La?titia Gardès Jérémy Bouyer Jean-Claude Delécolle Thomas Balenghien Claire Garros 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
The Schultzei group of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is distributed throughout Africa to northern Asia and Australasia and includes several potential vector species of livestock pathogens. The taxonomy of the species belonging to this species group is confounded by the wide geographical distribution and morphological variation exhibited by many species. In this work, morphological and molecular approaches were combined to assess the taxonomic validity of the species and morphological variants of the Schultzei group found in Senegal by comparing their genetic diversity with that of specimens from other geographical regions. The species list for Senegal was updated with four species: Culicoides kingi, C. oxystoma, C. enderleini and C. nevilli being recorded. This is the first record of C. oxystoma from Africa south of Sahara, and its genetic relationship with samples from Israel, Japan and Australia is presented. This work provides a basis for ecological studies of the seasonal and spatial dynamics of species of this species group that will contribute to better understanding of the epidemiology of the viruses they transmit. 相似文献
27.
David Tiga Kangoye Issa Nebie Jean-Baptiste Yaro Siaka Debe Safiatou Traore Oumarou Ouedraogo Guillaume Sanou Issiaka Soulama Amidou Diarra Alfred Tiono Kevin Marsh Sodiomon Bienvenu Sirima Philip Bejon 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Background
Children below six months are reported to be less susceptible to clinical malaria. Maternally derived antibodies and foetal haemoglobin are important putative protective factors. We examined antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) and glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), in children in their first two years of life in Burkina Faso and their risk of malaria.Methods
A cohort of 140 infants aged between four and six weeks was recruited in a stable transmission area of south-western Burkina Faso and monitored for 24 months by active and passive surveillance. Malaria infections were detected by examining blood smears using light microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify total Immunoglobulin G to Plasmodium falciparum antigens MSP3 and two regions of GLURP (R0 and R2) on blood samples collected at baseline, three, six, nine, 12, 18 and 24 months. Foetal haemoglobin and variant haemoglobin fractions were measured at the baseline visit using high pressure liquid chromatography.Results
A total of 79.6% of children experienced one or more episodes of febrile malaria during monitoring. Antibody titres to MSP3 were prospectively associated with an increased risk of malaria while antibody responses to GLURP (R0 and R2) did not alter the risk. Antibody titres to MSP3 were higher among children in areas of high malaria risk. Foetal haemoglobin was associated with delayed first episode of febrile malaria and haemoglobin CC type was associated with reduced incidence of febrile malaria.Conclusions
We did not find any evidence of association between titres of antibodies to MSP3, GLURP-R0 or GLURP-R2 as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and early protection against malaria, although anti-MSP3 antibody titres may reflect increased exposure to malaria and therefore greater risk. Foetal haemoglobin was associated with protection against febrile malaria despite the study limitations and its role is therefore worthy further investigation. 相似文献28.
29.
Lyke KE Wang A Dabo A Arama C Daou M Diarra I Plowe CV Doumbo OK Sztein MB 《PloS one》2012,7(6):e37868
Polyparasitism is common in the developing world. We have previously demonstrated that schistosomiasis-positive (SP) Malian children have age-dependent protection from malaria compared to matched schistosomiasis-negative (SN) children. Evidence of durable immunologic memory to malaria antigens is conflicting, particularly in young children and the effect of concomitant schistomiasis upon acquisition of memory is unknown. We examined antigen-specific B memory cell (MBC) frequencies (expressed as percentage of total number of IgG-secreting cells) in 84 Malian children aged 4-14 to malaria blood-stage antigens, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) and merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and to schistosomal antigens, Soluble Worm Antigenic Preparation (SWAP) and Schistosoma Egg Antigen (SEA), at a time point during the malaria transmission season and a follow-up dry season visit. We demonstrate, for the first time, MBC responses to S. haematobium antigens in Malian children with urinary egg excretion and provide evidence of seasonal acquisition of immunologic memory, age-associated differences in MBC acquisition, and correlation with circulating S. haematobium antibody. Moreover, the presence of a parasitic co-infection resulted in older children, aged 9-14 years, with underlying S. haematobium infection having significantly more MBC response to malaria antigens (AMA1 and MSP1) than their age-matched SN counterparts. We conclude that detectable MBC response can be measured against both malaria and schistosomal antigens and that the presence of S. haematobium may be associated with enhanced MBC induction in an age-specific manner. 相似文献
30.
Pitt C Diawara H Ouédraogo DJ Diarra S Kaboré H Kouéla K Traoré A Dicko A Konaté AT Chandramohan D Diallo DA Greenwood B Conteh L 《PloS one》2012,7(3):e32900