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141.
A unifying mathematical analysis of the one-pool and three-pool schemes for estimating acetate, propionate and butyrate production in the rumen from isotope dilution data is presented. Emphasis is given to non-steady-state conditions and to the administration of isotope as a single injection. The single-pool representation is also derived as a special case of the three-pool representation by assuming that the external fluxes are directly proportional to their concentrations in the rumen. 相似文献
142.
It is of interest to compile available information on the root canal morphology of primary maxillary molars from known literature. The literature resources used to collect data include Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, SIGLE and Science Direct. Data consists of type of population, number of teeth per study, number of root canals, canal length and type of root canal configuration. We used data from a total of 13 studies (951 primary maxillary molars). Maxillary molars (1st and 2nd) are dominant for two roots variant. The first molar the mean root length ranges from 7.9mm - 8.1mm. The second molar ranges from 7.2mm-8.5mm. Type I (explain in a phrase) canal morphology is the common variant in both the molars. Data shows that Root Canal morphology shows variations with the diagnostic aid (example micro CT) used and in different ethnic populations. 相似文献
143.
Parker M. Pennington PhD Kira L. Marshall MS Jonnie M. Capiro MS Lauren Howard DVM Barbara S. Durrant PhD 《Zoo biology》2020,39(2):141-144
All extant species in the Rhinocerotidae family are experiencing escalating threats in the wild, making self-sustaining captive populations essential genetic reservoirs for species survival. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) will become increasingly important for achieving and maintaining ex situ population sustainability and genetic diversity. Previous reports have shown that a large proportion of captive southern white rhinoceros (SWR) females are irregularly cyclic or acyclic, and that cycling females display two different estrous cycle lengths of approximately 30 or 70 days. It has been suggested that the longer estrous cycle length is infertile or subfertile, as no term pregnancies have been observed following long cycles. Here we report the achievement of two pregnancies following long luteal phases, using ovulation induction and artificial insemination with either fresh or frozen-thawed semen. One female SWR conceived on the first insemination attempt and gave birth to a live offspring. A second female conceived twice in consecutive long cycles although the first embryo was resorbed by 33 days post-insemination. A pregnancy from this female's second insemination is ongoing with expected parturition in November 2019. Whether prolonged estrous cycles in SWR are subfertile or infertile in natural breeding situations remains unclear. However, our findings demonstrate that the application of ARTs following prolonged cycles can result the successful establishment of pregnancies in SWR. Therefore, with ARTs, female SWR otherwise considered nonreproductive due to long estrous cycles may still have the potential for representation and contribution to the ex situ population. 相似文献
144.
Yan Chao Cui Yu Sheng Qiu Qiong Wu Gang Bu Amira Peli Seoh Wei Teh Kok Pian Ang Narcisse MS Joseph Avin Ee-Hwan Koh Aisha Farhana Badr Alzahrani Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan Antony V Samrot Pooi Ling Mok Suresh Kumar Subbiah 《Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)》2021,246(10):1177
Osteoblasts play an important role in bone regeneration and repair. The hypoxia condition in bone occurs when bone undergoes fracture, and this will trigger a series of biochemical and mechanical changes to enable bone repair. Hence, it is interesting to observe the metabolites and metabolism changes when osteoblasts are exposed to hypoxic condition. This study has looked into the response of human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions by observing the cell growth and utilization of metabolites via Phenotype MicroArrays™ under these two different oxygen concentrations. The cell growth of hFOB 1.19 under hypoxic condition showed better growth compared to hFOB 1.19 under normal condition. In this study, osteoblast used glycolysis as the main pathway to produce energy as hFOB 1.19 in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions showed cell growth in well containing dextrin, glycogen, maltotriose, D-maltose, D-glucose-6-phospate, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-Turanose, D-fructose-6-phosphate, D-galactose, uridine, adenosine, inosine and α-keto-glutaric acid. In hypoxia, the cells have utilized additional metabolites such as α-D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-fructose, indicating possible activation of glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis to metabolize α-D-glucose-1-phosphate. Meanwhile, during normoxia, D-L-α-glycerol phosphate was used, and this implies that the osteoblast may use glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle and oxidative phosphorylation to metabolize glycerol-3-phosphate. 相似文献
145.
Estimating the production of faeces by ruminants from faecal marker concentration curves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J France M S Dhanoa R C Siddons J H Thornley D P Poppi 《Journal of theoretical biology》1988,135(3):383-391
The use of faecal marker concentration curves, in conjunction with compartmental analysis, is examined as a method for predicting faecal output in ruminants. Formulae for faecal production are derived for the various multicompartment models currently used to interpret marker concentration data. A comparison of observed and model-derived estimates of faecal dry matter production using three different markers is given for sheep consuming hay or a mixed diet. 相似文献
146.
147.
MS Nandhu Jes Paul Korah P Kuruvilla Anitha Malat Chinthu Romeo CS Paulose 《Journal of biomedical science》2011,18(1):5
Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive cell death in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which leads to dopamine
depletion in the striatum and indirectly to cortical dysfunction. Increased glutamatergic transmission in the basal ganglia
is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and glutamate receptor mediated excitotoxicity has been suggested
to be one of the possible causes of the neuronal degeneration. In the present study, the effects of serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric
acid and bone marrow cells infused intranigrally to substantia nigra individually and in combination on unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine
induced Parkinson's rat model was analyzed. Scatchard analysis of total glutamate and NMDA receptor binding parameters showed
a significant increase in Bmax (P < 0.001) in the cerebral cortex of 6-hydroxydopamine infused rat compared to control. Real Time PCR amplification of NMDA2B,
mGluR5, bax, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase were up regulated in cerebral cortex of 6-hydroxydopamine infused rats
compared to control. Gene expression studies of GLAST, ά-Synuclien and Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein showed
a significant (P < 0.001) down regulation in 6-OHDA infused rats compared to control. Behavioural studies were carried out
to confirm the biochemical and molecular studies. Serotonin and GABA along with bone marrow cells in combination showed reversal
of glutamate receptors and behaviour abnormality shown in the Parkinson's rat model. The therapeutic significance in Parkinson's
disease is of prominence. 相似文献
148.
Chin Fang Ngim Syed M. Tupur Husain Sharifah Syed Hassan Amreeta Dhanoa Siti Aisyah Abdul Ahmad Jeevitha Mariapun Wan Fadhilah Wan Ismail Nevein Philip Botross Henien Nowrozy Kamar Jahan Lian Yih Pong Hesham Elshahawi Robert D. Hontz Tyler Warkentein Norazim Mohd Yunos 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(5)
BackgroundDengue fever is the most common mosquito-borne infection worldwide where an expanding surveillance and characterization of this infection are needed to better inform the healthcare system. In this surveillance-based study, we explored the prevalence and distinguishing features of dengue fever amongst febrile patients in a large community-based health facility in southern peninsular Malaysia.MethodsOver six months in 2018, we recruited 368 adults who met the WHO 2009 criteria for probable dengue infection. They underwent the following blood tests: full blood count, dengue virus (DENV) rapid diagnostic test (RDT), ELISA (dengue IgM and IgG), nested RT-PCR for dengue, multiplex qRT-PCR for Zika, Chikungunya and dengue as well as PCR tests for Leptopspira spp., Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus.ResultsLaboratory-confirmed dengue infections (defined by positive tests in NS1, IgM, high-titre IgG or nested RT-PCR) were found in 167 (45.4%) patients. Of these 167 dengue patients, only 104 (62.3%) were positive on rapid diagnostic testing. Dengue infection was significantly associated with the following features: family or neighbours with dengue in the past week (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI:2.14–6.00, p<0.001), cutaneous rash (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI:1.77–7.23, p<0.001), increased temperature (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI:1.04–1.70, p = 0.021), leucopenia (white cell count < 4,000/μL) (AOR: 3.44, 95% CI:1.72–6.89, p<0.001) and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/μL)(AOR: 4.63, 95% CI:2.33–9.21, p<0.001). Dengue infection was negatively associated with runny nose (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI:0.29–0.78, p = 0.003) and arthralgia (AOR: 0.42, 95% CI:0.24–0.75, p = 0.004). Serotyping by nested RT-PCR revealed mostly mono-infections with DENV-2 (n = 64), DENV-1 (n = 32) and DENV-3 (n = 17); 14 co-infections occurred with DENV-1/DENV-2 (n = 13) and DENV-1/DENV-4 (n = 1). Besides dengue, none of the pathogens above were found in patients’ serum.ConclusionsAcute undifferentiated febrile infections are a diagnostic challenge for community-based clinicians. Rapid diagnostic tests are increasingly used to diagnose dengue infection but negative tests should be interpreted with caution as they fail to detect a considerable proportion of dengue infection. Certain clinical features and haematological parameters are important in the clinical diagnosis of dengue infection. 相似文献