玉米19kD醇溶贮藏蛋白基因启动子种子特异性表达控制区段的分析

为研究玉米（Ｚｅａｍａｙｓ　Ｌ．）１９ｋＤ醇溶贮藏蛋白（ｚｅｉｎ）基因启动子种子特异性表达的控制区段,将全长６９４ｂｐ的启动子进行５’端缺失,共得到６个缺失突变体,长度分别为４８８ｂｐ、３７８ｂｐ、３０２ｂｐ、１５２ｂｐ、１２４ｂｐ和８５ｂｐ。将６个片段分别与报告基因ｇｕｓ连接构建成表达载体ｐＤＧＢ系列,经土壤农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ）介导转化,引入烟草。ＧＵＳ活性检测证明,４８８ｂｐ启动子片段能促使ｇｕｓ基因在种子中特异表达。３７８ｂｐ、３０２ｂｐ、１５２ｂｐ和１２４ｂｐ片段启动子引导的ｇｕｓ基因在烟草根、叶柄、种子中均可表达。     

小檗科鬼臼亚科种子大小变异式样及其生物学意义

分析了小檗科鬼臼亚科４个属代表植物桃儿七、川八角莲、南方山荷地以足叶草种子大小及共变异式样并对该变异式样的生物学意义予以分析。结果显示：（１）在４种植物干种子中,以川八角莲最重,为３７．２４±６．７１ｍｇ,桃儿七镒之,为３６．５６±４．５４ｍｇ,足叶草最轻,为１９．０１±３．２１ｍｇ,南方山荷叶较轻足叶草稍重,为２３．２２±３．２６ｍｇ;（２）每种植物均存在一定比例的活力低下种子,其中以桃儿七最低     

影响K型杂交小麦粒重潜在因素的遗传分析

1996-1997年采用5×7不完全双列杂交,对影响K型杂交小麦粒重的潜在因素进行分析。结果表明,K型杂交小麦粒重与胚乳细胞数和鲜籽烂一最大体积呈极显正相关。鲜籽粒最大体积对粒重贡献较大;胚乳细胞数的杂种优势较弱,鲜籽粒最大体积的杂种优势十分明显;这两个性状均符合加性-显性遗传模型。以加快效应为主,存在明显的母体效应。     

榆梨绵蚜一些型与卵的新发现和记述（同翅目：蚜总科：瘿绵蚜科）

对榆梨绵蚜Ｅｒｉｏｓｏｍａ ｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ ｄｉｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,１９８０的干母,无翅干雌,有翅干雌,无翅侨蚜,有翅性母,雌,雄性蚜放卵进行了描述,除有翅干雌外,其余各型与卵均为首镒记述。所有研究用标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆内。     

甘肃安西荒漠伯劳的繁殖生态

2010年4～8月在甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区,采用样点法对荒漠伯劳(Lanius isabellinus isabellinus)的繁殖生态进行了研究,采用单因素方差分析(ANVON)对荒漠伯劳卵体积与卵序之间的关系进行了研究,用二元Logistic回归对雏鸟生长曲线进行拟合。结果表明,荒漠伯劳的繁殖时间为4月底至8月初,每巢产卵3～6枚,平均窝卵数为4.67±0.57(n=21),卵体积为(3.14±0.32)cm3(n=95),卵鲜重(3.48±0.20)g(n=20),卵体积随着产卵顺序显著减小(R=-0.427,P=0.021,n=29),其采取的是"窝雏减少"的繁殖策略。雌鸟产首枚卵后即开始孵卵,雄鸟负责情饲及警戒。温度自动记录仪测量平均孵卵温度为(38.19±0.77)℃(n=2),雌鸟在巢率为93.95%。平均孵卵时间为(15.33±0.52)d(n=6)。荒漠伯劳雏鸟留巢期12～15 d,幼鸟离巢后亲鸟继续饲喂幼鸟,整个育雏期最长达31 d。研究地区荒漠伯劳种群的孵卵率为82.50%(n=80),卵成功率为46.25%(n=80),雏鸟离巢率为56.06%(n=66),巢成功率58.62%(n=29)。在2010年环志标记的12对繁殖鸟中只有1对繁殖了第二窝。     

Streptomyces pulveraceus突变株中福司曲星类似物的分离鉴定及其生物合成途经初探(英文)

福司曲星是一种从Streptomyces pulveraceus分离得到的磷酸酯类、聚酮类抗生素。本文从其突变株(ΔfosJ)分离得到一系列新的福司曲星结构类似物(10～14)。结合各种波谱方法,我们对其结构进行鉴定。由于这些化合物的结构特殊性,初步推断这些化合物可能来自于异常的PKS组合生物合成。     

Deep learning prediction of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in African Americans by copy number variation

Current understanding of the underlying molecular network and mechanism for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is lacking and incomplete. Previous studies suggest that genomic structural variations play an important role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. For effective modeling, deep learning approaches have become a method of choice, with ability to predict the impact of genetic variations involving complicated mechanisms. In this study, we examined copy number variation in whole genome sequencing from 116 African Americans ADHD children and 408 African American controls. We divided the human genome into 150 regions, and the variation intensity in each region was applied as feature vectors for deep learning modeling to classify ADHD patients. The accuracy of deep learning for predicting ADHD diagnosis is consistently around 78% in a two-fold shuffle test, compared with ∼50% by traditional k-mean clustering methods. Additional whole genome sequencing data from 351 European Americans children, including 89 ADHD cases and 262 controls, were applied as independent validation using feature vectors obtained from the African American ethnicity analysis. The accuracy of ADHD labeling was lower in this setting (∼70–75%) but still above the results from traditional methods. The regions with highest weight overlapped with the previously reported ADHD-associated copy number variation regions, including genes such as GRM1 and GRM8, key drivers of metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling. A notable discovery is that structural variations in non-coding genomic (intronic/intergenic) regions show prediction weights that can be as high as prediction weight from variations in coding regions, results that were unexpected.     

60Coγ射线对高免卵黄液中EDS-76病毒灭活的研究

用不同剂量、剂量率的^60Coγ射线对卵黄液中的EDS-76病毒进行辐照,研究了其对病毒的灭活效果和对卵黄抗体(IgY)的影响。结果表明,^60Coγ射线辐照,可以灭活高免卵黄液中的EDS-76病毒,且随辐照剂量、剂量率的增大,灭活率也增高;EDS-76病毒在卵黄液中的D10值为0．57kGy～0．60kGy;6．0kGy的辐照剂量,可以将高免卵黄液中的EDS-76病毒完全灭活,且不影响卵黄抗体效价,该卵黄抗体稳定性好、耐酸、耐热、耐蛋白酶消化。     

Activation of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger via the fibronectin-integrin pathway results in hematopoietic stimulation

The proliferative response of hematopoietic cells is regulated by many factors, including the presence and type of growth factors, the cellular microenvironment, and the physiochemical conditions prevailing in the tissue milieu. A process fundamental to all cells is the regulation of the intracellular acid-base conditions. One of the mechanisms by which intracellular pH (pH_i) is regulated is through the sodium/hydrogen exchanger, a ubiquitous membrane protein which exploits the intra- and extracellular sodium ion gradient to drive hydrogen ions out of the cell. However, activation of the exchanger via mitogenic and nonmitogenic signals leads to an increase in pH_i which, in turn, may directly or indirectly result in a proliferative response. It has been shown that interaction of fibronectin with its integrin receptor subunits α₄ and α₅ can result in activation of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger. In this report, we demonstrate that when mouse bone marrow cells are physically brought together in a preculture system we designate as high cell density culture (HCDC), in a small volume and at the same cellularity as that in the marrow, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations are stimulated with no additional stimulation in the presence of growth factors. Neutralizing antibodies to the growth factors added to HCDC had little, if any, effect on the degree of stimulation. However, when antibodies to fibronectin or the α₄ integrin subunit were added to HCDC, inhibition was observed, indicating that the observed hematopoietic stimulation occurred via the fibronectin-integrin pathway. Addition of 5 μM 5-(N,N-hexamethylene) amiloride (5-HMA), a specific inhibitor of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, also resulted in inhibition of in vitro hematopoiesis. Since the exchanger was implicated, we then measured the pH_i of normal and HCDC-treated bone marrow cells in the absence and presence of 5-HMA by flow cytometry using the fluorescent pH-sensitive indicator, carboxy SNARF-1 AM. It was found that cells subjected to HCDC exhibited a higher pH_i than normal fresh cells. In each case, the pH_i was lowered in the presence of 5-HMA. Furthermore, addition of antibodies to fibronectin or the α₄ integrin subunit to HCDC also reduced the pH_i to a similar level to that found for 5-HMA. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that a hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferative response can be initiated by activation of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, leading to an increase in pH_i, via cell-cell interaction through the fibronectin-integrin pathway. This pathway could, therefore, be significant not only in normal hematopoietic regulation, but also under pathophysiological conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 177:109–122, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

速度向量成像技术对肥厚型心肌病左心室扭转功能和收缩功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究速度向量成像技术对肥厚型心肌病（HCM）左心室扭转功能和收缩功能的影响。方法：纳入我院从2018年1月～2019年1月收治的HCM患者30例进行研究,记作病变组,另取同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者30例作为对照组。比较两组常规左心功能超声心动图指标、左室整体扭转和解旋运动指标、左室局部扭转和解旋运动指标、圆周应变以及应变率。结果：病变组舒张末期容积（EDV）、收缩末期容积（ESV）、每搏量（SV）均较对照组更低（P＜0.05）,而两组左室射血分数（LVEF）比较差异不显著（P＞0.05）。病变组心内膜的左心室扭转角度（LVtw）以及左心室扭矩（LVtor）均显著高于对照组,而心内膜及心外膜解扭转率（UntwR）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。病变组基底部心内膜旋转速率、心尖部心外膜旋转速率均显著低于对照组,心尖部心内膜旋转速率显著高于对照组,心尖部心外膜解旋速率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。病变组基底部心内膜圆周应变低于对照组,基底部、心尖部心外膜圆周应变高于对照组（P＜0.05）;病变组基底部、心尖部心外膜应变率均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：HCM患者收缩功能降低,且局部心肌圆周方向的形变能力明显下降。