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Thomas Gr?nthal Arshnee Moodley Suvi Nyk?senoja Jouni Junnila Luca Guardabassi Katariina Thomson Merja Rantala 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to describe a nosocomial outbreak caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) ST71 SCCmec II-III in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Helsinki in November 2010 – January 2012, and to determine the risk factors for acquiring MRSP. In addition, measures to control the outbreak and current policy for MRSP prevention are presented.Methods
Data of patients were collected from the hospital patient record software. MRSP surveillance data were acquired from the laboratory information system. Risk factors for MRSP acquisition were analyzed from 55 cases and 213 controls using multivariable logistic regression in a case-control study design. Forty-seven MRSP isolates were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and three were further analyzed with multi-locus sequence and SCCmec typing.Results
Sixty-three MRSP cases were identified, including 27 infections. MRSPs from the cases shared a specific multi-drug resistant antibiogram and PFGE-pattern indicated clonal spread. Four risk factors were identified; skin lesion (OR = 6.2; CI95% 2.3–17.0, P = 0.0003), antimicrobial treatment (OR = 3.8, CI95% 1.0–13.9, P = 0.0442), cumulative number of days in the intensive care unit (OR = 1.3, CI95% 1.1–1.6, P = 0.0007) or in the surgery ward (OR = 1.1, CI95% 1.0–1.3, P = 0.0401). Tracing and screening of contact patients, enhanced hand hygiene, cohorting and barrier nursing, as well as cleaning and disinfection were used to control the outbreak. To avoid future outbreaks and spread of MRSP a search-and-isolate policy was implemented. Currently nearly all new MRSP findings are detected in screening targeted to risk patients on admission.Conclusion
Multidrug resistant MRSP is capable of causing a large outbreak difficult to control. Skin lesions, antimicrobial treatment and prolonged hospital stay increase the probability of acquiring MRSP. Rigorous control measures were needed to control the outbreak. We recommend the implementation of a search-and-isolate policy to reduce the burden of MRSP. 相似文献52.
Moodley S Maxwell KL Kanelis V 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2012,21(6):809-818
The last gene in the genome of the bacteriophage HK97 encodes the protein gp74. We present data in this article that demonstrates, for the first time, that gp74 possesses HNH endonuclease activity. HNH endonucleases are small DNA binding and digestion proteins characterized by two His residues and an Asn residue. We demonstrate that gp74 cleaves lambda phage DNA at multiple sites and that gp74 requires divalent metals for its endonuclease activity. We also present intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence data that show direct binding of Ni(2+) to gp74. The activity of gp74 in the presence of Ni(2+) is significantly decreased below neutral pH, suggesting the presence of one or more His residues in metal binding and/or DNA digestion. Surprisingly, this pH-dependence of activity is not seen with Zn(2+) , suggesting a different mode of binding of Zn(2+) and Ni(2+) . This difference in activity may result from binding of a second Zn(2+) ion by a putative zinc finger in gp74 in addition to binding of a Zn(2+) ion by the HNH motif. These studies define the biochemical function of gp74 as an HNH endonuclease and provide a platform for determining the role of gp74 in life cycle of the bacteriophage HK97. 相似文献
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Leon Moodley Maaike Steyaert Jack J. Middelburg Pim van Avesaath Karline Soetaert 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2008,357(1):41-47
Meiofauna (small-sized Metazoa and Foraminifera) may constitute a significant part of seafloor biomass and potentially play an important role in benthic metabolism. However, respiration measurements are limited and the methods used are diverse together complicating comparison or upscaling. Here we describe a novel glass micro-respiration chamber used to perform non-invasive measurements (built-in oxygen-sensitive fluorogenic membrane and stirrer) and together with direct organic carbon measurements report initial biomass-specific respiration rates of common intertidal meiofauna. Results indicate large differences between respiration rates of different taxa (biomass 0.7-5.2 µg C per individual) but very similar organic carbon biomass-specific respiration rates (1.6-2.5 µl O2 h− 1 mgC− 1 or on average 2.0 ± 0.3 µl O2 h− 1 mgC− 1). This new, rapid and accurate method allows the study of metabolic allometry of the different small-sized taxa and determining their functional role in benthic metabolism. 相似文献
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Moodley Desika Angulo Elena Cuthbert Ross N. Leung Brian Turbelin Anna Novoa Ana Kourantidou Melina Heringer Gustavo Haubrock Phillip J. Renault David Robuchon Marine Fantle-Lepczyk Jean Courchamp Franck Diagne Christophe 《Biological invasions》2022,24(7):1995-2016
Biological Invasions - Biological invasions are one of the main threats to biodiversity within protected areas (PAs) worldwide. Meanwhile, the resilience of PAs to invasions remains largely... 相似文献
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Md. Aejazur Rahman Parveen Sobia Ved Prakash Dwivedi Aakansha Bhawsar Dhiraj Kumar Singh Pawan Sharma Prashini Moodley Luc Van Kaer William R Bishai Gobardhan Das 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(23):14407-14417
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is an ancient pathogen and a major cause of death worldwide. Although various virulence factors of M. tuberculosis have been identified, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. TlyA is a virulence factor in several bacterial infections and is evolutionarily conserved in many Gram-positive bacteria, but its function in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Here, we report that TlyA significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. We show that a TlyA mutant M. tuberculosis strain induces increased IL-12 and reduced IL-1β and IL-10 cytokine responses, which sharply contrasts with the immune responses induced by wild type M. tuberculosis. Furthermore, compared with wild type M. tuberculosis, TlyA-deficient M. tuberculosis bacteria are more susceptible to autophagy in macrophages. Consequently, animals infected with the TlyA mutant M. tuberculosis organisms exhibited increased host-protective immune responses, reduced bacillary load, and increased survival compared with animals infected with wild type M. tuberculosis. Thus, M. tuberculosis employs TlyA as a host evasion factor, thereby contributing to its virulence. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the role, if any, of Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)-induced aggregation of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). Exposure of rat PMNs to 10−7 M PAF resulted in the release of 4.5 ± 0.7 ng/107 cells of LTB4 measured by radioimmunoassay. However, the maximum aggregation of PMNs achieved by exposure to LTB4 (10−7M) was only 50% of that produced by maximally aggregating concentrations of PAF (10−7M). 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors, BW755c and Nafazatrom at concentrations that completely abolished LTB4 synthesis inhibited the aggregation induced by PAF only by 40% and 50% respectively. Furthermore, desensitisation experiments revealed that the aggregatory response of PMNs to PAF was only partially refractory to prior treatment with LTB4 whereas the aggregatory response to LTB4 was completely refractory to prior treatment with PAF. These results suggest that PAF-induced aggregation of rat PMNs is in part mediated by LTB4 and in part directly by an as yet unidentified mechanism. 相似文献
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