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101.
102.
Permal Deo Josephine V. Glenn Lesley A. Powell Alan W. Stitt Jennifer M. Ames 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2009,23(5):364-372
The extent of absorption of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is not fully known. The possible physiological impact of these absorbed components on inflammatory processes has been studied little and was the aim of this investigation. Aqueous solutions of bovine casein and glucose were heated at 95°C for 5 h to give AGE‐casein (AGE‐Cas). Simulated stomach and small intestine digestion of AGE‐Cas and dialysis (molecular mass cutoff of membrane = 1 kDa) resulted in a low molecular mass (LMM) fraction of digestion products, which was used to prepare bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐LMM‐AGE‐Cas complexes. Stimulation of human microvascular endothelial cells with BSA‐LMM‐AGE‐Cas complexes significantly increased mRNA expression of the receptor of AGE (RAGE), galectin‐3 (AGE‐R3), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and a marker of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK‐1), as well as p65NF‐κB activation. Cells treated with LMM digestion products of AGE‐Cas significantly increased AGE‐R3 mRNA expression. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production increased significantly in cells challenged with BSA‐LMM‐AGE‐Cas and LMM‐AGE‐Cas. In conclusion, in an in vitro cell system, digested dietary AGEs complexed with serum albumin play a role in the regulation of RAGE and downstream inflammatory pathways. AGE‐R3 may protect against these effects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:364–372, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20301 相似文献
103.
104.
Pradeep C. Deo Mary Taylor Robert M. Harding Anand P. Tyagi Douglas K. Becker 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(3):283-291
Embryogenic callus was initiated by culturing in vitro taro corm slices on agar-solidified half-strength MS medium containing
2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 20 days followed by transfer to 1.0 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). Callus was
subsequently proliferated on solid medium containing 1.0 mg/L TDZ, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 800 mg/L glutamine before transfer to
liquid medium containing the same components but with reduced glutamine (100 mg/L). After 3 months in liquid culture on an
orbital shaker, cytoplasmically dense cell aggregates began to form. Somatic embryogenesis was induced by plating suspension
cells onto solid media containing reduced levels of hormones (0.1 mg/L TDZ, 0.05 mg/L 2,4-D), high concentrations of sucrose
(40–50 g/L) and biotin (1.0 mg/L). Embryo maturation and germination was then induced on media containing 0.05 mg/L benzyladenine
(BA) and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Histological studies of the developing embryos revealed the presence of typical
shoot and root poles suggesting that these structures were true somatic embryos. The rate of somatic embryos formation was
500–3,000 per mL settled cell volume while approximately 60% of the embryos regenerated into plants. 相似文献
105.
Nested areas of endemism analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aim To develop and evaluate a nested clade approach to aid in the determination of areas of endemism (AoE) in biogeographical studies.
Methods We adapted the nested clade analysis (NCA) to studies of areas of endemism. For this purpose we adapted several of the programs currently in use. Two data sets were examined using this approach – one involving Sciobius in southern Africa and the other involving terrestrial mammals in Mexico.
Results Nested clade analysis as applied to areas of endemism produced results similar to those of previous analyses of Sciobus in southern Africa. An analysis of terrestrial mammals in Mexico supports the designation of some biogeographical provinces as areas of endemism while suggesting that other provinces may comprise composite distributions that should be subdivided.
Main conclusions The nested clade analysis approach utilized primarily in genetic analysis of phylogeographical patterns in population biology studies can be adapted to understanding AoE in the realm of biogeography. This approach offers a statistical paradigm to evaluate AoE suggested by parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) trees. 相似文献
Methods We adapted the nested clade analysis (NCA) to studies of areas of endemism. For this purpose we adapted several of the programs currently in use. Two data sets were examined using this approach – one involving Sciobius in southern Africa and the other involving terrestrial mammals in Mexico.
Results Nested clade analysis as applied to areas of endemism produced results similar to those of previous analyses of Sciobus in southern Africa. An analysis of terrestrial mammals in Mexico supports the designation of some biogeographical provinces as areas of endemism while suggesting that other provinces may comprise composite distributions that should be subdivided.
Main conclusions The nested clade analysis approach utilized primarily in genetic analysis of phylogeographical patterns in population biology studies can be adapted to understanding AoE in the realm of biogeography. This approach offers a statistical paradigm to evaluate AoE suggested by parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) trees. 相似文献
106.
107.
Deo Mishra Manne Ramachander Vishnupriya Madhusoodana Girija Anil Kotilingam Konda Yog Raj Ramesh V. Sonti 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
A number of rice resistance genes, called Xa genes, have been identified that confer resistance against various strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight. An understanding of pathotype diversity within the target pathogen population is required for identifying the Xa genes that are to be deployed for development of resistant rice cultivars. Among 1024 isolates of Xoo collected from 20 different states of India, 11 major pathotypes were distinguished based on their reaction towards ten Xa genes (Xa1, Xa3, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa8, Xa10, Xa11, xa13, Xa21). Isolates belonging to pathotype III showing incompatible interaction towards xa8, xa13 and Xa21 and compatible interaction towards the rest of Xa genes formed the most frequent (41%) and widely distributed pathotype. The vast majority of the assayed Xoo isolates were incompatible with one or more Xa genes. Exceptionally, the isolates of pathotype XI were virulent on all Xa genes, but have restricted distribution. Considering the individual R-genes, Xa21 appeared as the most broadly effective, conferring resistance against 88 % of the isolates, followed in decreasing order by xa13 (84 %), xa8 (64 %), xa5 (30 %), Xa7 (17 %) and Xa4 (14 %). Fifty isolates representing all the eleven pathotypes were analyzed by southern hybridization to determine their genetic relatedness using the IS1112 repeat element of Xoo. Isolates belonging to pathotype XI were the most divergent. The results suggest that one RFLP haplotype that is widely distributed all over India and is represented in strains from five different pathotypes might be an ancestral haplotype. A rice line with xa5, xa13 and Xa21 resistance genes is resistant to all strains, including those belonging to pathotype XI. This three gene combination appears to be the most suitable Xa gene combination to be deployed in Indian rice cultivars. 相似文献
108.
Deo D. Shirima Pantaleo K. T. Munishi Simon L. Lewis Neil D. Burgess Andrew R. Marshall Andrew Balmford Ruth D. Swetnam Eliakimu Mnkondo Zahabu 《African Journal of Ecology》2011,49(3):332-342
We determine the aboveground biomass and carbon storage (ABGC) of trees and the herbaceous layer in miombo woodland in the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) of Tanzania. In four 1‐ha sample plots in Nyanganje and Kitonga Forests, we measured all trees ≥10 cm diameter alongside height and wood mass density. The plots contained an average of 20 tree species ha?1 (range 11–29) and 344 stems ha?1 (range 281–382) with Shannon diversity values of 1.05 and 1.25, respectively. We weighted nine previously published woody savannah allometric models based on whether: (i) the model was derived from the same geographical region; (ii) the model included tree height/wood mass density in addition to stem diameter; and (iii) sample size was used to fit the model. The weighted mean ABGC storage from the nine models range from 13.5 ± 2 to 29.8 ± 5 Mg ha?1. Measured ABGC storage in the herbaceous layer, using the wet combustion method, adds 0.55 ± 0.02 Mg C ha?1. Estimates suggest that EAM miombo woodlands store a range of 13–30 Mg ha?1 of carbon. Although the estimates suggest that miombo woodlands store significant quantities of carbon, caution is required as this is the first estimate based on in situ data. 相似文献
109.
Kim A Deo SH Vianna LC Balanos GM Hartwich D Fisher JP Fadel PJ 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2011,301(6):H2454-H2465
It is presently unknown whether there are sex differences in the magnitude of blood pressure (BP) responses to baroreceptor perturbation or if the relative contribution of cardiac output (CO) and total vascular conductance (TVC) to baroreflex-mediated changes in BP differs in young women and men. Since sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone is attenuated in women, we hypothesized that carotid baroreflex-mediated BP responses would be attenuated in women by virtue of a blunted vascular response (i.e., an attenuated TVC response). BP, heart rate (HR), and stroke volume were continuously recorded during the application of 5-s pulses of neck pressure (NP; carotid hypotension) and neck suction (NS; carotid hypertension) ranging from +40 to -80 Torr in women (n = 20, 21 ± 0.5 yr) and men (n = 20, 21 ± 0.4 yr). CO and TVC were calculated on a beat-to-beat basis. Women demonstrated greater depressor responses to NS (e.g., -60 Torr, -17 ± 1%baseline in women vs. -11 ± 1%baseline in men, P < 0.05), which were driven by augmented decreases in HR that, in turn, contributed to larger reductions in CO (-60 Torr, -15 ± 2%baseline in women vs. -6 ± 2%baseline in men, P < 0.05). In contrast, pressor responses to NP were similar in women and men (e.g., +40 Torr, +14 ± 2%baseline in women vs. +10 ± 1%baseline in men, P > 0.05), with TVC being the primary mediating factor in both groups. Our findings indicate that sex differences in the baroreflex control of BP are evident during carotid hypertension but not carotid hypotension. Furthermore, in contrast to our hypothesis, young women exhibited greater BP responses to carotid hypertension by virtue of a greater cardiac responsiveness. 相似文献
110.
Plutonium (Pu), a key contaminant at sites associated with the manufacture of nuclear weapons and with nuclear-energy wastes,
can be precipitated to “immobilized” plutonium phases in systems that promote bioreduction. Ferric iron (Fe3+) is often present in contaminated sites, and its bioreduction to ferrous iron (Fe2+) may be involved in the reduction of Pu to forms that precipitate. Alternately, Pu can be reduced directly by the bacteria.
Besides Fe, contaminated sites often contain strong complexing ligands, such as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). We used biogeochemical
modeling to interpret the experimental fate of Pu in the absence and presence of ferric iron (Fe3+) and NTA under anaerobic conditions. In all cases, Shewanella alga BrY (S. alga) reduced Pu(V)(PuO2
+) to Pu(III), and experimental evidence indicates that Pu(III) precipitated as PuPO4(am). In the absence of Fe3+ and NTA, reduction of PuO2
+ was directly biotic, but modeling simulations support that PuO2
+ reduction in the presence of Fe3+ and NTA was due to an abiotic stepwise reduction of PuO2
+ to Pu4+, followed by reduction of Pu4+ to Pu3+, both through biogenically produced Fe2+. This means that PuO2
+ reduction was slowed by first having Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+. Modeling results also show that the degree of PuPO4(am) precipitation depends on the NTA concentration. While precipitation out-competes complexation when NTA is present at the
same or lower concentration than Pu, excess NTA can prevent precipitation of PuPO4(am). 相似文献