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Summary The cloning, sequencing and mutational analysis of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiotic nitrogen fixation genes fixL and fixJ are reported here. The two genes were adjacent and probably formed an operon, fixLJ. The predicted FixL and FixJ proteins, members of the two-component sensor/regulator family, were homologous over almost their entire lengths to the corresponding Rhizobium meliloti proteins (approx. 50% identity). Downstream of the B. japonicum fixJ gene was found an open reading frame with 138 codons (ORF138) whose product shared 36% homology with the N-terminal part of FixJ. Deletion and insertion mutations within fixL and fixJ led to a loss of approximately 90% wildtype symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Fix) activity, whereas an ORF138 mutant was Fix+. In fixL, fixJ and ORF138 mutant backgrounds, the aerobic expression of the fixR-nifA operon was not affected. NifA itself did not regulate the expression of the fixJ gene. Thus, the B. japonicum FixL and FixJ proteins were neither involved in the regulation of aerobic nifA gene expression nor in the anaerobic NifA-dependent autoregulation of the fixRnifA operon; rather they appeared to control symbiotically important genes other than those whose expression was dependent on the NifA protein. The fixL and fixJ mutant strains were unable to grow anaerobically with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Therefore, some of the FixJ-dependent genes in B. japonicum may be concerned with anaerobic respiration. 相似文献
33.
Evidence that the G1-S and G2-M transitions are controlled by different cdc2 proteins in higher eukaryotes. 总被引:71,自引:0,他引:71
Xenopus eggs contain two distinct cdc2 homologs of 34 and 32 kd. We show that the 32 kd cdc2 protein, like the 34 kd protein, is a kinase. However, unlike the 34 kd homolog, the 32 kd cdc2 kinase activity does not decrease dramatically at the end of mitosis. The 32 kd protein does not associate with mitotic cyclins B1 and B2 but does associate with cyclin A and a novel doublet of proteins of 54 kd that may regulate its activity. We also show that depletion of the 32 kd cdc2 homolog from a Xenopus extract blocks DNA replication, but does not inhibit entry into mitosis. By contrast, depletion of the 34 kd cdc2 homolog or absence of mitotic cyclins from an extract does not inhibit replication, but does block entry into mitosis. Our results indicate that in higher eukaryotes, DNA replication (G1-S) and mitosis (G2-M) may be controlled by distinctly different cdc2 proteins. 相似文献
34.
Rong-Xiang Fang Zhen Pang Dong-Ming Gao Ke-Qiang Mang Nam-Hai Chua 《Plant molecular biology》1991,17(6):1255-1257
35.
M. Yang Fang Ming J. Hubble A. D. Lockett R. R. Rathbone J. A. Howell 《Biotechnology Techniques》1992,6(5):409-412
A simple thermal monitoring technique has been successfully applied to an adsorption system using a novel ion exchanger with
a large internal void volume (voidage) which can be operated at high superficial velocity (SV). Temperature changes resulting
from heats of adsorption could be followed effectively using semi-conductor thermistor devices inserted into the resin through
the column wall. Results show that, despite the high feed rates adopted, the thermal signals generated can be consistently
related to the position of the breakthrough front within the bed. 相似文献
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