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151.
Denis G. Touret 《Ocean Development & International Law》2013,44(1):115-120
Japan and the New Ocean Regime, by Robert L. Friedheim, ed. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1983), 350 pp., $32.00. Japan in Global Ocean Politics, by Tsuneo Akaha (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985), 160 pp., $19.00. 相似文献
152.
Jean-Paul Comet Mathilde Noual Adrien Richard Julio Aracena Laurence Calzone Jacques Demongeot Marcelle Kaufman Aurélien Naldi El Houssine Snoussi Denis Thieffry 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》2013,75(6):906-919
It has been proved, for several classes of continuous and discrete dynamical systems, that the presence of a positive (resp. negative) circuit in the interaction graph of a system is a necessary condition for the presence of multiple stable states (resp. a cyclic attractor). A positive (resp. negative) circuit is said to be functional when it “generates” several stable states (resp. a cyclic attractor). However, there are no definite mathematical frameworks translating the underlying meaning of “generates.” Focusing on Boolean networks, we recall and propose some definitions concerning the notion of functionality along with associated mathematical results. 相似文献
153.
Maya Kunigo Christoph Buerth Denis Tielker Joachim F. Ernst 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2013,97(16):7357-7368
The yeast Candida utilis (also referred to as Torula) is used as a whole-cell food additive and as a recombinant host for production of intracellular molecules. Here, we report recombinant C. utilis strains secreting significant amounts of Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB). Native and heterologous secretion signals led to secretion of CalB into the growth medium; CalB was enzymatically active and it carried a short N-glycosyl chain lacking extensive mannosylation. Furthermore, CalB fusions to the C. utilis Gas1 cell wall protein led to effective surface display of enzymatically active CalB and of β-galactosidase. Secretory production in C. utilis was achieved using a novel set of expression vectors containing sat1 conferring nourseothricin resistance, which could be transformed into C. utilis, Pichia jadinii, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; C. utilis promoters including the constitutive TDH3 and the highly xylose-inducible GXS1 promoters allowed efficient gene expression. These results establish C. utilis as a promising host for the secretory production of proteins. 相似文献
154.
Denis Wirtz 《Biophysical journal》2013,104(6):1217-1218
155.
Erick Francisco Rakotoniriana Mamy Rafamantanana Denis Randriamampionona Christian Rabemanantsoa Suzanne Urveg-Ratsimamanga Mondher El Jaziri Françoise Munaut Anne-Marie Corbisier Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq Stéphane Declerck 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2013,103(1):121-133
Thirty-one endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy leaves of Centella asiatica were screened in vitro for their ability to reduce the growth rate and disease incidence of Colletotrichum higginsianum, a causal agent of anthracnose. Isolates of Cohnella sp., Paenibacillus sp. and Pantoea sp. significantly stimulated the growth rate of C. higginsianum MUCL 44942, while isolates of Achromobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Microbacterium sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas putida had no influence on this plant pathogen. By contrast, Bacillus subtilis BCA31 and Pseudomonas fluorescens BCA08 caused a marked inhibition of C. higginsianum MUCL 44942 growth by 46 and 82 %, respectively. Cell-free culture filtrates of B. subtilis BCA31 and P. fluorescens BCA08 were found to contain antifungal compounds against C. higginsianum MUCL 44942. Inoculation assays on in vitro-cultured plants of C. asiatica showed that foliar application of B. subtilis BCA31, three days before inoculation with C. higginsianum MUCL 44942, significantly reduced incidence and severity of the disease. The role of endophytic bacteria in maintaining the apparent inactivity of C. higginsianum MUCL 44942 in C. asiatica grown in the wild is discussed. 相似文献
156.
Julien Gonzalez Sofia Mouttalib Christine Delage Denis Calise Jean-José Maoret Jean-Philippe Pradère Julie Klein Bénédicte Buffin-Meyer Betty Van der Veen Israel F. Charo Peter Heeringa Johan Duchene Jean-Loup Bascands Joost-Peter Schanstra 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2013
Most end-stage renal disease kidneys display accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the renal tubular compartment (tubular interstitial fibrosis – TIF) which is strongly correlated with the future loss of renal function. Although inflammation is a key event in the development of TIF, it can also have a beneficial anti-fibrotic role depending in particular on the stage of the pathology. Chemokines play an important role in monocyte extravasation in the inflammatory process. CCL2 has already been shown to be involved in the development of TIF but CCL7, a close relative of CCL2 and able to bind to similar receptors, has not been studied in renal disease. We therefore studied chemokine CCL7 in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced TIF. We observed that the role of CCL7 differs depending on the stage of the pathology. In early stages (0–8 days), CCL7 deficient (CCL7-KO) mice displayed attenuated TIF potentially involving two mechanisms: an early (0–3 days) decrease of inflammatory cell infiltration followed (3–8 days) by a decrease in tubular ECM production independent of inflammation. In contrast, during later stages of obstruction (10–14 days), CCL7-KO mice displayed increased TIF which was again associated with reduced inflammation. Interestingly, the switch between this anti- to profibrotic effect was accompanied by an increased influx of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. In conclusion, these results highlight for the first time a dual role for CCL7 in the development of renal TIF, deleterious in early stages but beneficial during later stages. 相似文献
157.
Anh Thu Nguyen-Trung Denis Tritsch Catherine Grosdemange-Billiard Michel Rohmer 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(6):1643-1647
This work is focused on the design of new antimicrobial drugs and on the development of lipophilic inhibitors of the DXR, the second enzyme of the MEP pathway for the biosynthesis of isoprene units in most bacteria, by replacing the phosphonate group of fosmidomycin derivatives by a tetrazoyl moiety capable of multiple hydrogen bonding. The N- and C-substituted tetrazole analogues of phosphonohydroxamate inhibitors were synthesized and tested on the DXR of Escherichia coli. This work points out the hypothesis that the phosphonate/phosphate recognition site might be too rigid to accommodate other functional groups. 相似文献
158.
It is now common for population geneticists to estimate FST for a large number of loci across the genome, before testing for selected loci as being outliers to the FST distribution. One surprising result of such FST scans is the often high proportion (>1% and sometimes >10%) of outliers detected, and this is often interpreted as evidence for pervasive local adaptation. In this issue of Molecular Ecolog, Fourcade et al. ( 2013 ) observe that a particularly high rate of FST outliers has often been found in river organisms, such as fishes or damselflies, despite there being no obvious reason why selection should affect a larger proportion of the genomes of these organisms. Using computer simulations, Fourcade et al. ( 2013 ) show that the strong correlation in co‐ancestry produced in long one‐dimensional landscapes (such as rivers, valleys, peninsulas, oceanic ridges or coastlines) greatly increases the neutral variance in FST, especially when the landscape is further reticulated into fractal networks. As a consequence, outlier tests have a high rate of false positives, unless this correlation can be taken into account. Fourcade et al.'s study highlights an extreme case of the general problem, first noticed by Robertson ( 1975a , b ) and Nei & Maruyama ( 1975 ), that correlated co‐ancestry inflates the neutral variance in FST when compared to its expectation under an island model of population structure. Similar warnings about the validity of outlier tests have appeared regularly since then but have not been widely cited in the recent genomics literature. We further emphasize that FST outliers can arise in many different ways and that outlier tests are not designed for situations where the genetic architecture of local adaptation involves many loci. 相似文献
159.
Ben Raymond Denis J. Wright Neil Crickmore Michael B. Bonsall 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2013,280(1769)
Pesticide mixtures can reduce the rate at which insects evolve pesticide resistance. However, with live biopesticides such as the naturally abundant pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a range of additional biological considerations might affect the evolution of resistance. These can include ecological interactions in mixed infections, the different rates of transmission post-application and the impact of the native biodiversity on the frequency of mixed infections. Using multi-generation selection experiments, we tested how applications of single and mixed strains of Bt from diverse sources (natural isolates and biopesticides) affected the evolution of resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, to a focal strain. There was no significant difference in the rate of evolution of resistance between single and mixed-strain applications although the latter did result in lower insect populations. The relative survivorship of Bt-resistant genotypes was higher in the mixed-strain treatment, in part owing to elevated mortality of susceptible larvae in mixtures. Resistance evolved more quickly with treatments that contained natural isolates, and biological differences in transmission rate may have contributed to this. Our data indicate that the use of mixtures can have unexpected consequences on the fitness of resistant and susceptible insects. 相似文献
160.
Mikhail S. Novikov Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston Denis A. Babkov Maria P. Paramonova Alexander V. Ivanov Sergey A Gavryushov Anastasia L. Khandazhinskaya Sergey N. Kochetkov Christophe Pannecouque Graciela Andrei Robert Snoeck Jan Balzarini Katherine L. Seley-Radtke 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2013,21(5):1150-1158
A series of phenyloxyethyl and cinnamyl derivatives of substituted uracils were synthesized and found to exhibit potent activity against HIV-RT and HIV replication in cell culture. In general, the cinnamyl derivatives proved superior to the phenyloxyethyl derivatives, however 1-[2-(4-methylphenoxy)ethyl]-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil (19) exhibited the highest activity (EC50 = 0.27 μM) thus confirming that the 3-benzyluracil fragment in the NNRTI structure can be regarded as a functional analogue of the benzophenone pharmacophore typically found in NNRTIs. 相似文献