全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9937篇 |
免费 | 745篇 |
国内免费 | 892篇 |
专业分类
11574篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 132篇 |
2022年 | 333篇 |
2021年 | 517篇 |
2020年 | 349篇 |
2019年 | 426篇 |
2018年 | 392篇 |
2017年 | 303篇 |
2016年 | 461篇 |
2015年 | 607篇 |
2014年 | 763篇 |
2013年 | 800篇 |
2012年 | 929篇 |
2011年 | 908篇 |
2010年 | 529篇 |
2009年 | 478篇 |
2008年 | 525篇 |
2007年 | 507篇 |
2006年 | 425篇 |
2005年 | 336篇 |
2004年 | 253篇 |
2003年 | 289篇 |
2002年 | 205篇 |
2001年 | 165篇 |
2000年 | 146篇 |
1999年 | 151篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 66篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 40篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
我们采用本院基础医学研究所组建的IL-6工程菌E.coilDH5a(pBV-hlL-6),在选定的培养基及pH值下,采用30升发酵罐进一步观察了工程菌的生长和rIL-6的表达,确定了发酵工艺条件。在此条件下连续进行了三批次的培养试验。结果表明,工程首的生长密度达到2.51±0.02g[干重]/L[发酵液],rIL-6产率为182.4±2.0mg/g[干重]。rIL-6以包涵体形式表达于大肠杆菌细胞中,破菌后选用非离子型去垢剂或尿素等变性剂提取包涵体中的杂蛋白,可使rIL-6的纯度达到70.1±1.3%,收率为71.9±1.9%。洗涤后的包涵体,经过凝胶柱纯化和复性,rIL-6纯度达到95%以上,柱纯化的收率为72.3±0.9%;采用依赖IL-6,小鼠杂交瘤细胞系7TD1及MTT比色法测定生物活性,rIL-6比活性达2×108U/mg。 相似文献
92.
Mu Wang Ouyan Rang Fang Liu Wei Xia Yuanyuan Li Yu Zhang Songfeng Lu Shunqing Xu 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(4):45
Introduction
Bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, a common industrial chemical which has extremely huge production worldwide, is ubiquitous in the environment. Human have high risk of exposing to BPA and the health problems caused by BPA exposure have aroused public concern. However, the biomarkers for BPA exposure are lacking. As a rapidly developing subject, metabolomics has accumulated a large amount of valuable data in various fields. The secondary application of published metabolomics data could be a very promising field for generating novel biomarkers whilst further understanding of toxicity mechanisms.Objectives
To summarize the published literature on the use of metabolomics as a tool to study BPA exposure and provide a systematic perspectives of current research on biomarkers screening of BPA exposure.Methods
We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed) up to the end of June 25, 2017 with the key term combinations of ‘metabolomics’, ‘metabonomics’, ‘mass spectrometry’, ‘nuclear magnetic spectroscopy’, ‘metabolic profiling’ and ‘amino acid profile’ combined with ‘BPA exposure’. Additional articles were identified through searching the reference lists from included studies.Results
This systematic review included 15 articles. Intermediates of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, β oxidation of long chain fatty acids, pentose phosphate pathway, nucleoside metabolism, branched chain amino acid metabolism, aromatic amino acids metabolism, sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism were significantly changed after BPA exposure, suggesting BPA had a highly complex toxic effects on organism which was consistent with existing studies. The biomarkers most consistently associated with BPA exposure were lactate and choline.Conclusion
Existing metabolomics studies of BPA exposure present heterogeneous findings regarding metabolite profile characteristics. We need more evidence from target metabolomics and epidemiological studies to further examine the reliability of these biomarkers which link to low, environmentally relevant, exposure of BPA in human body.93.
Synthesis of fluorescent and low cytotoxicity phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR)@Ag composites for cell imaging and antibacterial activity 下载免费PDF全文
Ping Yang Hao Dong Jun Xia Andong Xu Jianjun Shi Jie He Jianzhong Ding Dewei Li 《Luminescence》2015,30(8):1413-1417
Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded onto the surface of phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR) NPs without any reducing agent. The as‐synthesized PFR@Ag composites have low cytotoxicity, which makes them promising antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the good fluorescence of PFR could be used for cell imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in 14 wastewater treatment systems in china 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To determine if there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and to investigate the effects of wastewater characteristics, operational parameters, and geographic locations on microbial communities, activated sludge samples were collected from 14 wastewater treatment systems located in 4 cities in China. High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to examine the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria in the wastewater treatment systems. Our results showed that there were 60 genera of bacterial populations commonly shared by all 14 samples, including Ferruginibacter, Prosthecobacter, Zoogloea, Subdivision 3 genera incertae sedis, Gp4, Gp6, etc., indicating that there is a core microbial community in the microbial populations of WWTPs at different geographic locations. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results showed that the bacterial community variance correlated most strongly with water temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) content. Variance partitioning analyses suggested that wastewater characteristics had the greatest contribution to the bacterial community variance, explaining 25.7% of the variance of bacterial communities independently, followed by operational parameters (23.9%) and geographic location (14.7%). Results of this study provided insights into the bacterial community structure and diversity in geographically distributed WWTPs and discerned the relationships between bacterial community and environmental variables in WWTPs. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Ou Wang Chunyan Wang Min Nie Quancai Cui Heng Guan Yan Jiang Mei Li Weibo Xia Xunwu Meng Xiaoping Xing 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Objective
It is widely recognized that the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is often difficult because of the overlap of characteristics between malignant and benign parathyroid tumors, especially at an early stage. Based on the identification of tumor suppressor gene HRPT2/CDC73 and its association with hereditary and sporadic PC, screening of gene mutations and detection of parafibromin immunoreactivity have been suggested as diagnostic instruments of PC in Whites. There is little information about HRPT2/CDC73 mutations and its corresponding protein expression in patients with sporadic PC in Chinese population, and the long-term follow-up data is scarce.Methods
Paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from 13 patients with PC, 13 patients with parathyroid adenoma (PA) and 7 patients with parathyroid hyperplasia(PH), and 6 normal parathyroid (NP) tissues as controls. Peripheral blood from 11 patients with PC was collected. PCR products using Genomic DNA extracted from tumor tissues or blood as template was sequenced for HRPT2/CDC73 gene. Expression of parafibromin in tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis.Results
Six mutations in 6 of 13 patients with PC were identified, with three being novel. Four of them were germ-line mutations. Patients with mutations were susceptible to recurrence of the PC. Complete (8/13, 61.5%) or partial (5/13, 38.5%) loss of parafibromin expression was observed in PC tissues. All of tissue samples from normal parathyroid or benign parathyroid tumors displayed positive immunostaining of parafibromin except one adenoma.Conclusions
The present study supplies information on the mutations and protein expression of HRPT2/CDC73 gene and phenotypes of parathyroid carcinoma in Chinese population. And the expanded mutation database of this gene may benefit patients in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. 相似文献98.
99.
100.