全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12731篇 |
免费 | 1162篇 |
国内免费 | 1384篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 168篇 |
2022年 | 389篇 |
2021年 | 681篇 |
2020年 | 475篇 |
2019年 | 574篇 |
2018年 | 520篇 |
2017年 | 375篇 |
2016年 | 595篇 |
2015年 | 791篇 |
2014年 | 1019篇 |
2013年 | 978篇 |
2012年 | 1199篇 |
2011年 | 1094篇 |
2010年 | 735篇 |
2009年 | 603篇 |
2008年 | 735篇 |
2007年 | 683篇 |
2006年 | 553篇 |
2005年 | 444篇 |
2004年 | 382篇 |
2003年 | 366篇 |
2002年 | 287篇 |
2001年 | 235篇 |
2000年 | 216篇 |
1999年 | 218篇 |
1998年 | 148篇 |
1997年 | 118篇 |
1996年 | 104篇 |
1995年 | 63篇 |
1994年 | 86篇 |
1993年 | 46篇 |
1992年 | 69篇 |
1991年 | 51篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
61.
藻-菌生态系统代谢功能的生态学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在室内模拟条件下,研究了一些生态因子对藻-菌(A+B)生态系统代谢有机碳(C6H12O6)、NH3-N和无机磷(IP)的影响.研究结果表明,当藻-菌生态系统中藻(A)或菌(B)的起始数量一定时,其代谢C6H12O6的速率,随与之组合的B或A的起始数量增加(数量比则相应降低)而增加.在光照和黑暗条件下,A+B系统代谢上述3种营养物质的速率均有一定的差异.黑暗下C6H12O6的平均代谢速率较光照下高12.3%(P<0.05),IP和NH3-N的平均代谢速率则分别较光照下低14.4%(P<0.05)和16.2%(P<0.001).在A+B系统和A、B单培养物中,3种营养物质的代谢速率均随有机负荷量增加而增加,而且A+B系统的代谢速率分别高于单培养的A和B,其中NH3-N代谢尤为显著.文章还就生态系统结构与功能的关系问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
62.
不同树种混交林及其纯林对土壤理化性质影响的研究 总被引:41,自引:11,他引:30
对针阔混交林土壤理化性质的研究表明,针阔混交林比针叶树纯林对土壤的改良作用要好,它使土壤总孔隙度增加2—19%,水分含量增加6—31%,枯枝落叶年凋落量增加2—200%;土壤养分含量全N、NH4-N、代换性Ca、代换性Mg和腐殖质含量分别增加45—75%、33—82%、55—85%、44—84%和37—46%. 相似文献
63.
利用树木年轮气候学方法,根据马尾松生长对气候变量具非线性响应,尝试重建江苏暖湿地区过去116年(1874~1990)的年平均气温和降水量。温度的重建效果优于降水量,实测值与重建值两者的缩减误差(RE)分别为0.12和0.10,两者的平均偏差百分率分别为2.3%和20%。绝大部分重建结果可从观测记录和历史文献中得到验证,但在温度较高或降水量较多的若干年份,实测值与重建值有较大偏差。 相似文献
64.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis COP1 results in partial suppression of light-mediated development: evidence for a light-inactivable repressor of photomorphogenesis. 总被引:16,自引:6,他引:10
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Plant cell》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Arabidopsis seedlings are genetically endowed with the capability to follow two distinct developmental programs: photomorphogenesis in the light and skotomorphogenesis in darkness. The regulatory protein CONSTITUTIVE PHOTO-MORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) has been postulated to act as a repressor of photomorphogenesis in the dark because loss-of-function mutations of COP1 result in dark-grown seedlings phenocopying the light-grown wild-type seedlings. In this study, we tested this working model by overexpressing COP1 in the plant and examining its inhibitory effects on photomorphogenic development. Stable transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing COP1 were generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression was achieved using either the strong cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter or additional copies of the wild-type gene. Analysis of these transgenic lines demonstrated that higher levels of COP1 can inhibit aspects of photomorphogenic seedling development mediated by either phytochromes or a blue light receptor, and the extent of inhibition correlated quantitatively with the vivo COP1 levels. This result provides direct evidence that COP1 acts as a molecular repressor of photomorphogenic development and that multiple photoreceptors can independently mediate the light inactivation of COP1. It also suggests that a controlled inactivation of COP1 may provide a basis for the ability of plants to respond quantitatively to changing light signals, such as fluence rate and photoperiod. 相似文献
65.
Arabidopsis COP8, COP10, and COP11 genes are involved in repression of photomorphogenic development in darkness. 总被引:16,自引:6,他引:10
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Plant cell》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings are capable of following two developmental programs: photomorphogenesis in the light and skotomorphogenesis in darkness. Screening of Arabidopsis mutants for constitutive photomorphogenic development in darkness resulted in the identification of three new loci designated COP8, COP10, and COP11. Detailed examination of the temporal morphological and cellular differentiation patterns of wild-type and mutant seedlings revealed that in darkness, seedlings homozygous for recessive mutations in COP8, COP10, and COP11 failed to suppress the photomorphogenic developmental pathway and were unable to initiate skotomorphogenesis. As a consequence, the mutant seedlings grown in the dark had short hypocotyls and open and expanded cotyledons, with characteristic photomorphogenic cellular differentiation patterns and elevated levels of light-inducible gene expression. In addition, plastids of dark-grown mutants were defective in etioplast differentiation. Similar to cop1 and cop9, and in contrast to det1 (deetiolated), these new mutants lacked dark-adaptive change of light-regulated gene expression and retained normal phytochrome control of seed germination. Epistatic analyses with the long hypocotyl hy1, hy2, hy3, hy4, and hy5 mutations suggested that these three loci, similar to COP1 and COP9, act downstream of both phytochromes and a blue light receptor, and probably HY5 as well. Further, cop8-1, cop10-1, and cop11-1 mutants accumulated higher levels of COP1, a feature similar to the cop9-1 mutant. These results suggested that COP8, COP10, and COP11, together with COP1, COP9, and DET1, function to suppress the photomorphogenic developmental program and to promote skotomorphogenesis in darkness. The identical phenotypes resulting from mutations in COP8, COP9, COP10, and COP11 imply that their encoded products function in close proximity, possibly with some of them as a complex, in the same signal transduction pathway. 相似文献
66.
Casein Kinase II Activity in the Postischemic Rat Brain Increases in Brain Regions Resistant to Ischemia and Decreases in Vulnerable Areas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Abstract: Casein kinase II (CKII) is a protein kinase acting in the intracellular cascade of reactions activated by growth factor receptors, and that has a profound influence on cell proliferation and survival. In this investigation, we studied the changes in the activity and levels of CKII in the rat brain exposed to 10. 15 and 20 min of transient forebrain ischemia followed by variable periods of reperfusion. The cytosolic CKII activity decreased during reperfusion by ∼ 30 and ∼ 50% in the selectively vulnerable areas, striatum and the CA1 region of the hippocampus, respectively. In the resistant CA3 region of hippocampus and neocortex, the activity increased by ∼ 20 and ∼ 60%, respectively. The postischemic changes in CKII activity were dependent on the duration of the ischemic insult. The levels of CKII did not change after ischemia, suggesting that the enzyme is modulated by covalent modification or is interacting with an endogenous inhibitor/activator. Treatment of the cytosolic fraction from cortex of rats exposed to ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion with agarose-bound phosphatase decreased the activity of CKII to control levels, suggesting that CKII activation after ischemia involves a phosphorylation of the enzyme. The correlation between postischemic CKII activity and neuronal survival implies that preservation or activation of CKII activity may be important for neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia. 相似文献
67.
Depression of Neuronal Protein Synthesis Initiation by Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Abstract— Growth factors stimulate cellular protein synthesis, but the intracellular signaling mechanisms that regulate initiation of mRNA translation in neurons have not been clarified. A rate-limiting step in the initiation of protein synthesis is the formation of the ternary complex among GTP, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (elF-2), and the initiator tRNA. Here we report that genistein, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, decreases tyrosine kinase activity and the content of phosphotyrosine proteins in cultured primary cortical neurons. Genistein inhibits protein synthesis by >80% in a dose-dependent manner (10–80 μg/ml) and concurrently decreases ternary complex formation by 60%. At the doses investigated, genistein depresses tyrosine kinase activity and concomitantly stimulates PKC activity. We propose that a protein tyrosine kinase participates in the initiation of protein synthesis in neurons, by affecting the activity of elF-2 directly or through a protein kinase cascade. 相似文献
68.
本文对血清岩藻糖测定方法进行了系统研究。血清用量由200μL减至50μL,显色反应4h内稳定。吸收峰在396nm。岩藻糖浓度40μg/mL内线性良好,批间CV=2.1%。以Sephadex-G200层析,血清岩藻糖主要存在于分子量为500kD的组分中。以本法测得30例健康人血清岩藻糖浓度为588.1±172.0μmol/L。 相似文献
69.
本文研究了小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对正常人极低密度脂蛋白(N-VLDL)两种亚组分VLDL_1和VLDL_3的代谢。两种亚组分都能以受体方式和非特异性方式被巨噬细胞摄取和降解。在受体途径中以VLDL_1的摄入量居多。对胞内甘油三酯(TG)的堆积作用以VLDL_1较强,对胆固醇酶(CE)的堆积则以VLDL_3较强。表明两者在促进巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞转变中的作用有所不同。 相似文献
70.
从崖椒(Zanthoxglum schinifolutm Sieb.et Zucc.)茎的石油醚、二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到8个化合物。经物理常数测定及光谱(UV,IR,MS,NMR)分析鉴定其为(1)白鲜碱(dictamning),(2)茵芋碱(skimmianine),(3)滨蒿内酯(scoparone),(4)崖椒内酯(schinifolin),(5)莨菪亭(scopoletin),(6)7-羟基-8-甲氧基香豆素(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin),(7)N-甲基弗林辛(N-methylflindersine),(8)β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),其中化合物(5)、(6)和(7)为首次从该植物中分离。 相似文献