人肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的克隆化

肿瘤组织经机械剪切和酶消化分离肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)。TIL在含1000U/ml重组人白细胞介素-2(rhIL-2)的培养液中培养6d后,植入含1000U/ml rhIL-2的软琼脂半固体培养基中培养,7d后将形成的克隆转移到含rhIL-2的培养液中培养。~(51)Cr释放法测定结果表明,约30％的克隆对NK敏感的K562细胞和对NK不敏感的H7402肝癌细胞有细胞毒性,为具有杀瘤活性的TIL杀伤克隆(TIL-K)。60％以上TIL-K克隆在含IL-2的培养液中可持续地增殖2～3个月,其细胞数可扩增至10~8～10~9,并始终保持对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性。TIL-K克隆的表型为CD3~ 、CD4~-、CD8~ 、CD16~-,有T细胞抗原受体β链基因的表达,说明其属T细胞系统。采用半固体-液体两步培养法可获取大量高纯度具有广谱杀瘤活性的TIL,本研究有助于TIL的深入研究和临床应用。     

低湿耕地综合治理对土壤微生物生态影响及大豆增产的研究

本文报道了三江平原低湿耕地综合治理后对土壤微生物生态的影响及对大豆增产的明显效果。4年来开发试验研究的结果表明,低湿耕地经过综合治理并栽培大豆等作物以后,土壤中大豆根瘤菌数量及自生固氮菌的数量明显增加;低湿耕地综合治理后接种高效固氮大豆根瘤菌,经配对选优及结合施用启动氮的高光效高固氮大豆-根瘤菌共生固氮体系的生物技术措施,使大面积的大豆增产12.3％,达到接近岗平地耕作条件下生物技术措施的水平,对今后的生产实践或科学理论都具有重要意义。     

ras基因产物p^21的分子进化和癌变机理探讨

作者收集了人、果蝇、酵母、粘菌和病毒的10种P21氨基酸全顺序,运用AADIS和UPGMA两程序并结合进一步的数据分析揭示:①就协同进化来说,ras基因每年每基因平均重复率为2.78×10~(-9),这或许系迄今报道的最低速率保持者;②ras基因每年每氨基酸替代率为2.23×10~(-10),这在进化上是相当保守的。数据分析进一步证实的实验结果还有:①v-Has和v-Kis分别来自c-H-ras1和c-K-ras2;②c-H-ras1、c-K-ras2和c-N-ras由一个共同的祖先基因演化而来。根据Fitch等的观点,我们在此特别提出了p21的不变子/共变子转化假说,从分子进化角度对P21在癌变中的作用作出可能的解释。     

How do different nitrogen application levels and irrigation practices impact biological nitrogen fixation and its distribution in paddy system?

Plant and Soil - Although phytolith analysis is a promising tool for reconstructing the palaeovegetation in grassland ecosystems, no phytolith study has yet attempted to quantitatively reconstruct...     

Population genetics of wild Hizikia fusiformis (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyta) along China’s coast

Hizikia fusiformis is one of the important commercially cultivated seaweeds in China. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess genetic structure of nine wild H. fusiformis populations collected along the coast of China. Of the 255 bands generated by 21 ISSR primers, 99.61% were polymorphic and 99.71% of 344 bands amplified by 30 SRAP primers were polymorphic. The tested high genetic diversities show that the average Nei’s genetic diversity (H) were 0.1519 and 0.1624, and average Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.2248 and 0.2400 in ISSR and SRAP analyses, respectively. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrograms of the nine populations were divided into two main groups. The ISSR and SRAP analyses values of gene differentiation (G _ST, 0.5955, 0.5486, respectively) indicate that high variation exists among the nine populations, likely due to external interferences and limitation of gene flow (N _m?=?0.3397, 0.4114). Our study indicated that human activities and herbivore overgrazing had influenced the natural Hizikia populations and that the understanding of population genetics would be helpful in sustainable utilization and biomass conservation of Sargassaceae resources.     

S-adenosylmethionine activates adpA transcription and promotes streptomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus

Using a two-plasmid system, we recently identified sigma(E)-dependent promoters directing expression of the sigma(E) regulon genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Comparison of the promoters revealed a consensus sequence almost identical to the sigma(E)-dependent rpoEp3 promoter directing expression of rpoE. This two-plasmid system was previously optimized to identify nucleotides critical for the rpoEp3 promoter activity. However, two highly conserved nucleotides in the sigma(E) consensus sequence were not identified by this screening. In the present study, we have improved the two-plasmid screening system using a new optimized error-prone PCR mutagenesis. Together with site-directed mutagenesis, we further identified nucleotides critical for activity of the rpoEp3 promoter and quantified the effect of the particular mutation upon promoter activity. All the identified critical nucleotides of the rpoEp3 promoter (in capital) were located in the -35 (ggAACtt) and -10 (gTCtaA) regions and corresponded to the most conserved nucleotides in the sigma(E) consensus sequence. The expression of the wild-type and mutated rpoEp3 promoters was confirmed in S. Typhimurium and was found to exhibit a different pattern of sigma(E) activation compared with Escherichia coli, with a peak rpoEp3 promoter activity in early stationary phase followed by a decrease in late stationary phase.     

GENETIC MAPPING OF THE LAMINARIA JAPONICA (LAMINARALES,PHAEOPHYTA) USING AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS1

To establish a molecular‐marker‐assisted system of breeding and genetic study for Laminaria japonica Aresch., amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to construct a genetic linkage map of L. japonica featuring 230 progeny of F₂ cross population. Eighteen primer combinations produced 370 polymorphic loci and 215 polymorphic loci segregated in a 3:1 Mendelian segregation ratio (P ≤ 0.05). Of the 215 segregated loci, 142 were ordered into 27 linkage groups. The length of the linkage groups ranged from 6.7 to 90.3 centimorgans (cM) with an average length of 49.6 cM, and the total length was 1,085.8 cM, which covered 68.4% of the estimated 1,586.9 cM genome. The number of mapped markers on each linkage group ranged from 2 to 12, averaging 5.3 markers per group. The average density of the markers was 1 per 9.4 cM. Based on the marker density and the resolution of the map, the constructed linkage map can satisfy the need for quantitative trait locus (QTL) location and molecular‐marker‐assisted breeding for Laminaria.     

Improved RNA isolation from Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyta)

RNA isolation is difficult in some plants and algae because phenolics, polysaccharides, or other compounds can bind or co-precipitate with RNA, and because the success of RNA isolation can be strain-specific and species-specific. To create an improved RNA isolation protocol for Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyta), four methods for extracting RNA were tested. A cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based RNA extraction protocol was developed that clearly showed 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA bands and produced RNA with high yield (68 μg g⁻¹ fresh weight) and high quality (A _260/280 ratio 1.96 ± 0.05). The isolated RNA was intact, and RT-PCR analysis confirmed that further molecular application is feasible.