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941.
Lucia A. Seale Ann C. Hashimoto Suguru Kurokawa Christy L. Gilman Ali Seyedali Frederick P. Bellinger Arjun V. Raman Marla J. Berry 《Molecular and cellular biology》2012,32(20):4141-4154
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element used for biosynthesis of selenoproteins and is acquired either through diet or cellular recycling mechanisms. Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) is the enzyme that supplies Se for selenoprotein biosynthesis via decomposition of the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Knockout (KO) of Scly in a mouse affected hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Mice lacking Scly and raised on an Se-adequate diet exhibit hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis, with increased hepatic oxidative stress, but maintain selenoprotein levels and circulating Se status. Insulin challenge of Scly KO mice results in attenuated Akt phosphorylation but does not decrease phosphorylation levels of AMP kinase alpha (AMPKα). Upon dietary Se restriction, Scly KO animals develop several characteristics of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, fatty liver, and hypercholesterolemia, with aggravated hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and selenoprotein S (SelS) production and circulating selenoprotein P (Sepp1) levels are significantly diminished. Scly disruption increases the levels of insulin-signaling inhibitor PTP1B. Our results suggest a dependence of glucose and lipid homeostasis on Scly activity. These findings connect Se and energy metabolism and demonstrate for the first time a unique physiological role of Scly in an animal model. 相似文献
942.
943.
Deepika Verma Nannan Ye Fanjie Meng Frederick Sachs Jason Rahimzadeh Susan Z. Hua 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Using stress sensitive FRET sensors we have measured cytoskeletal stresses in α-actinin and the associated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in cells subjected to chronic shear stress. We show that long-term shear stress reduces the average actinin stress and this effect is reversible with removal of flow. The flow-induced changes in cytoskeletal stresses are found to be dynamic, involving a transient decrease in stress (phase-I), a short-term increase (3–6 min) (Phase-II), followed by a longer-term decrease that reaches a minimum in ∼20 min (Phase-III), before saturating. These changes are accompanied by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton from parallel F-actin bundles to peripheral bundles. Blocking mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) with Gd3+ and GsMTx4 (a specific inhibitor) eliminated the changes in cytoskeletal stress and the corresponding actin reorganization, indicating that Ca2+ permeable MSCs participate in the signaling cascades. This study shows that shear stress induced cell adaptation is mediated via MSCs. 相似文献
944.
B Krishnamachary MF Penet S Nimmagadda Y Mironchik V Raman M Solaiyappan GL Semenza MG Pomper ZM Bhujwalla 《PloS one》2012,7(8):e44078
Background
The CD44 transmembrane glycoproteins play multifaceted roles in tumor progression and metastasis. CD44 expression has also been associated with stem-like breast cancer cells. Hypoxia commonly occurs in tumors and is a major cause of radiation and chemo-resistance. Hypoxia is known to inhibit differentiation and facilitates invasion and metastasis. Here we have investigated the effect of hypoxia on CD44 and two of its isoforms in MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149 triple negative human breast cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 tumors using imaging and molecular characterization.Methods and Findings
The roles of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in regulating the expression of CD44 and its variant isoforms (CD44v6, CD44v7/8) were investigated in human breast cancer cells, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine mRNA levels, and fluorescence associated cell sorting (FACS) to determine cell surface expression of CD44, under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In vivo imaging studies with tumor xenografts derived from MDA-MD-231 cells engineered to express tdTomato red fluorescence protein under regulation of hypoxia response elements identified co-localization between hypoxic fluorescent regions and increased concentration of 125I-radiolabeled CD44 antibody.Conclusions
Our data identified HIF-1α as a regulator of CD44 that increased the number of CD44 molecules and the percentage of CD44 positive cells expressing variant exons v6 and v7/8 in breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Data from these cell studies were further supported by in vivo observations that hypoxic tumor regions contained cells with a higher concentration of CD44 expression. 相似文献945.
Om Prakash Dwivedi Rubina Tabassum Ganesh Chauhan Saurabh Ghosh Raman K. Marwaha Nikhil Tandon Dwaipayan Bharadwaj 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
Background
FTO variants are robustly associated with obesity and related traits in many population and shown to have variable impact during life course. Although studies have shown association of FTO variants with adiposity in adult Indian, its association in Indian children is yet to be confirmed.Methods
Here we examined association of FTO variants (rs9939609 and rs8050136) with obesity and related anthropometric and biochemical traits in 3,126 Indian children (aged 11–17 years) including 2,230 normal-weight and 896 over-weight/obese children. We also compared effects observed in the present study with that observed in previous studies on South Asian adults and children of other ethnic groups.Results
The variant rs9939609 showed significant association with risk of obesity [OR = 1.21, P = 2.5×10−3] and its measures BMI, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference [β range = 0.11 to 0.14 Z-score units; P range = 1.3×10−4 to 1.6×10−7] in children. The observed effect sizes in Indian children were similar to those reported for European children. Variant rs9939609 explained 0.88% of BMI variance in Indian children. The effect sizes of rs9939609 on BMI and WC were ∼2 fold higher in children than adults. Interestingly rs9939609 was also associated with serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) [β = 0.10 Z-score, P = 5.8×10−3]. The other variant rs8050136 was in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs9939609 (r2 = 0.97) and provided similar association results.Conclusion
The study provides first report of association of FTO variants with obesity and related anthropometric traits in Indian children with higher impact in children compared to adults. We also demonstrated association of FTO variant with serum levels of TSH, indicating putative influence of FTO in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. 相似文献946.
947.
Raman K Karuturi R Swarup VP Desai UR Kuberan B 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2012,22(13):4467-4470
Tumor-associated angiogenesis is a complex process that involves the interplay among several molecular players such as cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, vascular endothelial growth factors and their cognate receptors. PI-88, a highly sulfonated oligosaccharide, has been shown to have potent anti-angiogenic activity and is currently in clinical trials. However, one of the major drawbacks of large oligosaccharides such as PI-88 is that their synthesis often requires numerous complex synthetic steps. In this study, several novel polysulfonated small molecule carbohydrate mimetics, which can easily be synthesized in fewer steps, are identified as promising inhibitors of angiogenesis in an in vitro tube formation assay. 相似文献
948.
HspB3, an as yet uncharacterized sHsp, is present in muscle, brain, heart, and in fetal tissues. A point mutation correlates with the development of axonal motor neuropathy. We purified recombinant human HspB3. Circular dichroism studies indicate that it exhibits β-sheet structure. Gel filtration and sedimentation velocity experiments show that HspB3 exhibits polydisperse populations with predominantly trimeric species. HspB3 exhibits molecular chaperone-like activity in preventing the heat-induced aggregation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). It exhibits moderate chaperone-like activity towards heat-induced aggregation of citrate synthase. However, it does not prevent the DTT-induced aggregation of insulin, indicating that it exhibits target protein-dependent molecular chaperone-like activity. Unlike other sHsps, it has a very short C-terminal extension. Fusion of the C-terminal extension of αB-crystallin results in altered tertiary and quaternary structure, and increase in polydispersity of the chimeric protein, HspB3αB-CT. The chimeric protein shows comparable chaperone-like activity towards heat-induced aggregation of ADH and citrate synthase. However, it shows enhanced activity towards DTT-induced aggregation of insulin. Our study, for the first time, provides the structural and chaperone functional characterization of HspB3 and also sheds light on the role of the C-terminal extension of sHsps. 相似文献
949.
Tollenaere R Hayward A Dalton-Morgan J Campbell E Lee JR Lorenc MT Manoli S Stiller J Raman R Raman H Edwards D Batley J 《Plant biotechnology journal》2012,10(6):709-715
A thorough understanding of the relationships between plants and pathogens is essential if we are to continue to meet the agricultural needs of the world's growing population. The identification of genes underlying important quantitative trait loci is extremely challenging in complex genomes such as Brassica napus (canola, oilseed rape or rapeseed). However, recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) enable much quicker identification of candidate genes for traits of interest. Here, we demonstrate this with the identification of candidate disease resistance genes from B.?napus for its most devastating fungal pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg fungus). These two species are locked in an evolutionary arms race whereby a gene-for-gene interaction confers either resistance or susceptibility in the plant depending on the genotype of the plant and pathogen. Preliminary analysis of the complete genome sequence of Brassica rapa, the diploid progenitor of B.?napus, identified numerous candidate genes with disease resistance characteristics, several of which were clustered around a region syntenic with a major locus (Rlm4) for blackleg resistance on A7 of B.?napus. Molecular analyses of the candidate genes using B.?napus NGS data are presented, and the difficulties associated with identifying functional gene copies within the highly duplicated Brassica genome are discussed. 相似文献
950.
Abigail Manson McGuire Brian Weiner Sang Tae Park Ilan Wapinski Sahadevan Raman Gregory Dolganov Matthew Peterson Robert Riley Jeremy Zucker Thomas Abeel Jared White Peter Sisk Christian Stolte Mike Koehrsen Robert T Yamamoto Milena Iacobelli-Martinez Matthew J Kidd Andreia M Maer Gary K Schoolnik Aviv Regev James Galagan 《BMC genomics》2012,13(1):1-27