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91.
Yadav Sapkota Sunita Ghosh Raymond Lai Bradley P. Coe Carol E. Cass Yutaka Yasui John R. Mackey Sambasivarao Damaraju 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
Breast cancer recurrence (BCR) is a common treatment outcome despite curative-intent primary treatment of non-metastatic breast cancer. Currently used prognostic and predictive factors utilize tumor-based markers, and are not optimal determinants of risk of BCR. Germline-based copy number aberrations (CNAs) have not been evaluated as determinants of predisposition to experience BCR. In this study, we accessed germline DNA from 369 female breast cancer subjects who received curative-intent primary treatment following diagnosis. Of these, 155 experienced BCR and 214 did not, after a median duration of follow up after breast cancer diagnosis of 6.35 years (range = 0.60–21.78) and 8.60 years (range = 3.08–13.57), respectively. Whole genome CNA genotyping was performed on the Affymetrix SNP array 6.0 platform. CNAs were identified using the SNP-Fast Adaptive States Segmentation Technique 2 algorithm implemented in Nexus Copy Number 6.0. Six samples were removed due to poor quality scores, leaving 363 samples for further analysis. We identified 18,561 CNAs with ≥1 kb as a predefined cut-off for observed aberrations. Univariate survival analyses (log-rank tests) identified seven CNAs (two copy number gains and five copy neutral-loss of heterozygosities, CN-LOHs) showing significant differences (P<2.01×10−5) in recurrence-free survival (RFS) probabilities with and without CNAs.We also observed three additional but distinct CN-LOHs showing significant differences in RFS probabilities (P<2.86×10−5) when analyses were restricted to stratified cases (luminal A, n = 208) only. After adjusting for tumor stage and grade in multivariate analyses (Cox proportional hazards models), all the CNAs remained strongly associated with the phenotype of BCR. Of these, we confirmed three CNAs at 17q11.2, 11q13.1 and 6q24.1 in representative samples using independent genotyping platforms. Our results suggest further investigations on the potential use of germline DNA variations as prognostic markers in cancer-associated phenotypes. 相似文献
92.
Deepak Rajagopal 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2016,8(2):471-480
A reason for much pessimism about the environmental benefits of today's biofuels, essentially corn and sugarcane ethanol, is the so‐called indirect land‐use change (ILUC) emissions associated with expanding biofuel production. While there exist several simulation‐based estimates of indirect emissions, the empirical basis underlying key input parameters to such simulations is not beyond doubt, while empirical verification of indirect emissions is hard. Regardless, regulators have adopted global warming intensity ratings for biofuels based on those simulations and in some case are holding regulated firms accountable for (some forms of) leakage. Suffice to say that both the estimates of and the approach to regulating leakage are controversial. The objective of this study is therefore to review a wider economic in order to identify a broader set of policy options for mitigating emissions leakage. We find that controlling leakage by affixing responsibility to regulated firms lacks support in the broader literature, which emphasizes alternative approaches. 相似文献
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Ahtesham Hussain Mukesh Kumar Yadav Shambhunath Bose Jing-Hua Wang Dongwoo Lim Yun-Kyung Song Seong-Gyu Ko Hojun Kim 《PloS one》2016,11(11)
BackgroundObesity has become a major global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence, and the associated health risk. It is the main cause of various metabolic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke and certain forms of cancer.
Methods and Results
In the present study we evaluated the anti-obesity property of Daesiho-tang (DSHT), an herbal medicine, using high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice as a model. Our results showed that DSHT ameliorated body weight gain, decreased total body fat, regulated expression of leptin and adiponectin genes of adipose tissue and exerted an anti-diabetic effect by attenuating fasting glucose level and serum insulin level in HFD-fed animals. In addition, DSHT-treatment significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) levels in serum and reduced deposition of fat droplets in liver. DSHT treatment resulted in significantly increased relative abundance of bacteria including Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, Akkermansia Bifidobacterium., Lactobacillus, and decreased the level of Firmicutes. Using RT2 profiler PCR array, 39 (46%) genes were found to be differentially expressed in HFD-fed mice compared to normal control. However, normal gene expressions were restored in 36 (92%) genes of HFD-fed mice, when co-exposed to DSHT.Conclusion/Major Findings
The results of this study demonstrated that DSHT is an effective herbal formulation in attenuation of obesity in HFD-fed mice through alteration of gene expressions and modulation of intestinal microbiota. 相似文献95.
Ankit Kumar Yadav Suman Manna K. Pandiyan Arjun Singh Murugan Kumar Hillol Chakdar Prem Lal Kashyap Alok Kumar Srivastava 《Microbiology》2016,85(1):56-62
Among hydrocarbon pollutants, diesel oil is a complex mixture of alkanes and aromatic compounds which are often encountered as soil contaminants leaking from storage tanks and pipelines or as result of accidental spillage. One of the best ecofriendly approaches is to restore contaminated soil by using microorganisms able to degrade those toxic compounds in a bioremediation process. In the present study, nineteen bacteria were isolated by enrichment culture technique from diesel spilled soil collected from electric generator shed of NBAIM, Mau. All the isolates were subjected to screening for lipase production and twelve isolates were found to be positive for lipase. When the isolates were screened for biosurfactant production using CTAB-methylene blue agar plates, only one isolate viz. 2NBDSH3 was found positive which was found to be phylogenetically closely related with Bacillus flexus. Despite having low emulsification index, the bacterium could degrade 88.6% of diesel oil in soil. Biosurfactant from the isolate was extracted and characterized through infra-red spectroscopy which indicated its possible lipopeptide nature which was further supported by strong absorption in UV range in the UV-Vis spectrum. The results of the present study indicated that the isolate either does not produce any bioemulsifier or produces very low amount of emulsifier rather it produces a lipopeptide biosurfactant which helps in degradation of diesel oil by lowering the surface tension. The bacterium thus isolated and characterized can serve as a promising solution for ecofriendly remediation of bacterium diesel contaminated soils. 相似文献
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Ramdhan Yadav Dharmesh Kumar Avnesh Kumari Sudesh Kumar Yadav 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(2):259-269
Objectives
Betulin (BT) is an abundant triterpene found predominantly in the bark of Himalayan birch. It is difficult to deliver it in vivo because of its low aqueous solubility. We have therefore developed novel formulations of BT for improving its solubility, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.Results
Poly-d,l-lactide nanovectors (PLA NVs) were synthesized using poly(vinyl alcohol) and Lonicera japonica leaf extract (LE) as a stabiliser and named as PLA-1 NVs and PLA-2 NVs. PLA-1 NVs and PLA-2 NVs were used for the encapsulation of betulin (BT) and named as BT-En-1 and BT-En-2 NVs. The encapsulation efficiency of BT-En-1 and BT-En-2 NVs were 99.3 and 100 % respectively. Prepared nanoformulations were physically stable. An in vitro study revealed 45 % BT was released over 24 h. BT had a prolonged release from BT-En-2 NVs as compared to BT-En-1 NVs. BT-En-2 NVs had better anticancerous activity against SiHa cells than BT-En-1 NVs.Conclusions
Developed BT-EN-2 NVs had better biocompatibility, excellent stability and enhanced release characteristics than BT-En-1 NVs.99.
100.
Rajesh Thiyagarajan Arunai Nambiraj Sujit Nath Sinha Girigesh Yadav Ashok Kumar Vikraman Subramani Kothandaraman 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2016,21(1):50-56