Channel activity of mirror-image M2 proton channel of influenza A virus is blocked by achiral or chiral inhibitors

Dear Editor,It is known that most of lives on the earth compose of homochiral molecules of L-amino acids and D-ribose nucleic acids.However,little is known why and how the life's chirality in such a way.Studies on an artificial mirror-image life could strengthen our understanding of the question about the origin of life on the Earth and even elsewhere in the universe.Especially studies on mirror-image life would also have a plenty of vast application prospects in materials,energy and pharmaceutical sciences(Bohannon,2010).     

CD106 Identifies a Subpopulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Unique Immunomodulatory Properties

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in almost all of the body tissues, where they undergo self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. MSCs derived from different tissues share many similarities but also show some differences in term of biological properties. We aim to search for significant differences among various sources of MSCs and to explore their implications in physiopathology and clinical translation. We compared the phenotype and biological properties among different MSCs isolated from human term placental chorionic villi (CV), umbilical cord (UC), adult bone marrow (BM) and adipose (AD). We found that CD106 (VCAM-1) was expressed highest on the CV-MSCs, moderately on BM-MSCs, lightly on UC-MSCs and absent on AD-MSCs. CV-MSCs also showed unique immune-associated gene expression and immunomodulation. We thus separated CD106⁺cells and CD106⁻cells from CV-MSCs and compared their biological activities. Both two subpopulations were capable of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation while CD106⁺CV-MSCs were more effective to modulate T helper subsets but possessed decreased colony formation capacity. In addition, CD106⁺CV-MSCs expressed more cytokines than CD106⁻CV-MSCs. These data demonstrate that CD106 identifies a subpopulation of CV-MSCs with unique immunoregulatory activity and reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying immunomodulation of MSCs.     

我国林火发生预测模型研究进展

通过文献回顾,总结了国内林火发生预测模型的研究现状,并从林火发生驱动因子、林火发生概率预测模型、林火发生频次预测模型和模型检验方法等方面进行归纳分析。得出以下结论: 1)气象、地形、植被、可燃物、人类活动等因素是影响林火发生及模型预测精度的主要驱动因子;2)林火发生概率模型中,地理加权逻辑斯蒂回归模型考虑了变量之间的空间相关性,Gompit回归模型适宜非对称结构的林火数据,随机森林模型不需要多重共线性检验,在避免过度拟合的同时提高了预测精度,是林火发生概率预测模型的优选方法之一;3)林火发生频次模型中,负二项回归模型更适合对过度离散数据进行模拟,零膨胀模型和栅栏模型可以处理林火数据中包含大量零值的问题;4)ROC检验、AIC检验、似然比检验和Wald检验方法是林火概率和频次模型的常用检验方法。林火发生预测模型研究仍是我国当前林火管理工作的重点,预测模型的选择需要依据不同地区林火数据特点。此外,构建林火预测模型时需要考虑更多的影响因素,以提高模型预测精度;未来,需要进一步探索其他数学模型在林火发生预测中的应用,不断提高林火发生预测模型的准确度。     

Liquid-based vs. conventional smears in fine needle aspiration of bone and soft tissue tumors

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of bone and soft tissue tumors utilizing ThinPrep (TP) (Cytyc Corporation, Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) vs. conventional smears (CS). STUDY DESIGN: Fine needle aspiration cytology from bone and soft tissue tumors was processed and assessed for cellularity, nuclear and cytoplasmic preservation, cellular architecture and stromal background with both the TP liquid-based smear technique and conventional methods. RESULTS: An accurate diagnosis was made in 13% of TP cases as compared to 64% in CS cases. CONCLUSION: CS of fine needle aspiration sample is far superior to TP in diagnosing tumors of bone and soft tissues. Preservation of cytoplasmic features and cellular architecture was superior in conventionally prepared smears.     

Dimeric Ube2g2 simultaneously engages donor and acceptor ubiquitins to form Lys48‐linked ubiquitin chains

Cellular adaptation to proteotoxic stress at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on Lys48‐linked polyubiquitination by ER‐associated ubiquitin ligases (E3s) and subsequent elimination of ubiquitinated retrotranslocation products by the proteasome. The ER‐associated E3 gp78 ubiquitinates misfolded proteins by transferring preformed Lys48‐linked ubiquitin chains from the cognate E2 Ube2g2 to substrates. Here we demonstrate that Ube2g2 synthesizes linkage specific ubiquitin chains by forming an unprecedented homodimer: The dimerization of Ube2g2, mediated primarily by electrostatic interactions between two Ube2g2s, is also facilitated by the charged ubiquitin molecules. Mutagenesis studies show that Ube2g2 dimerization is required for ER‐associated degradation (ERAD). In addition to E2 dimerization, we show that a highly conserved arginine residue in the donor Ube2g2 senses the presence of an aspartate in the acceptor ubiquitin to position only Lys48 of ubiquitin in proximity to the donor E2 active site. These results reveal an unanticipated mode of E2 self‐association that allows the E2 to effectively engage two ubiquitins to specifically synthesize Lys48‐linked ubiquitin chains.     

黄茅海河口虎跳门和崖门浮游动物群落的比较

于2006年11月～2007年8月对珠江口西部的黄茅海河口区浮游动物进行了四个航次的生态调查,分别在入海口处虎跳门和崖门各设置1个采样断面,分析了两口门的水文特征和水体理化因子特点及其两者之间的差异显著性,调查研究了浮游动物的种类组成、密度、生物量和多样性指数等分布特征。共检出浮游动物50种,桡足类占优势,24种,其次为轮虫类,为12种,枝角类和原生动物分别各为5种,多毛类、异足类、糠虾类和螺类各1种,此外,还有桡足类幼虫以及未知种类2种。分析得出,在调查周期内,虎跳门和崖门浮游动物的密度、生物量及多样性指数值的差异不显著,这可能与两口门的水体理化因子及浮游植物群落构成没有显著性差异有着直接的原因,而受两口门水动力条件不同的影响较小。由聚类分析结果可知,四个季节可分为两大组,虎跳门和崖门秋、冬两季浮游动物群落结构较为相近,春、夏两季浮游动物群落结构较为相近。     

Electronic effects on the interactions of complexes [Ru(phen)2(p-L)] (L=MOPIP, HPIP, and NPIP) with DNA

In order to explore the electronic effects of Ru(II) complexes binding to DNA, a series of Ru(II) complexes [Ru(phen)₂ (p-MOPIP)]²⁺ (1), [Ru(phen)₂ (p-HPIP)]²⁺ (2), and [Ru(phen)₂(p-NPIP)]²⁺ (3) were synthesized and characterized by elementary, ¹H NMR, and ES-MS analysis. The binding properties of these complexes to CT-DNA were investigated with spectroscopic methods and viscosity experiments. Furthermore, the computations for these complexes applying the density functional theory (DFT) method have also been performed. The results show that all of these complexes can well bind to DNA in intercalation mode and DNA-binding affinity of these complexes is greatly influenced by electronic effects of intercalating ligands. The intrinsic binding constants for 1, 2, and 3 are 0.20, 0.69, and 1.56 × 10⁵ M⁻¹, respectively. This order is in accordance with that of the electron-withdrawing ability of substituent [-OR < -OH < -NO₂]. Such a trend in electronic effects of Ru(II) complexes binding to DNA can be reasonably explained by the DFT calculations.     

COPD评估测试与BODE 指数的相关研究

目的：探讨COPD 评估测试（COPD Assessment Test, CAT）中文版在我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生活质量评价中的价值,并 探讨其与BORD 指数相关性。方法：选择2010 年6 月至2012 年6 月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科就诊的 89 例COPD 患者,在急性期和稳定期分别进行CAT 评分及BORD 指数评分。将结果进行配对t 检验,评价CAT 量表对COPD 患者病情变化的敏感性,再进行相关性检验,评价其有效性。结果：配对t 检验显示CAT 评分在稳定期较急性期有明显改善（P<0. 01）,与临床症状、肺功能、呼吸困难指数改善一致,CAT 评分分值与BORD指数相关性较好（r=0.541,P < 0.000）。结论：CAT 评分 是评价我国COPD患者生活质量有效、敏感、可行的方法。     

低能钒离子注入花生种子的深度分布

采用鼎瑟福背散射（RBS）和X射线能谱分析法（EDAX）对V元素在花生种子中的深度分布进行了测量,并用扫描电镜对注入前后花生种胚的形貌变化进行观察。结果表明,由于样品表面较粗糙以及其特殊结构,RBS方法不适于测量钒在花生肿胚中的深度分布,trim95也不适合于对注入钒离子在花生种子中的深度进行模拟,而EDAX的测量结果表明V离子的穿透深度可达到15μm。另外,注入前后花生种胚的形貌发生了显著变化。