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71.
72.
Amino acids as determinants of host preference for the xylem feeding leafhopper,Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Brent V. Brodbeck Russell F. Mizell III William J. French Peter C. Andersen James H. Aldrich 《Oecologia》1990,83(3):338-345
Summary
Homalodisca coagulata is a highly polyphagous xylem feeder with distinct seasonal patterns in it's selection of host plants. These patterns were examined in relation to the amino acid content of the xylem for four common host species; Lagerstroemia indica, Baccharis halimifolia, Prunus persica, and Prunus salicina. Xylem fluid was collected from each host species at times when numbers of feeding leafhoppers were both low and high. In each case, concentrations of amino acids were greatest when numbers were high. Similarly, comparisons between host species at given times showed that concentrations of amino acids were positively correlated with host selection. In a second study, amino acids of xylem were manipulated by budding scions of a non-preferred host (P. persica) on rootstocks of preferred (P. salinica) and non-preferred (P. persica) hosts. Morphology and phenology of the budded trees were similar to that of the scion species yet the xylem composition of amino acids was primarily dependent on the rootstock. Concentrations of amino acids and the preference of leafhoppers were roughly two-fold greater for scions of the preferred than the non-preferred rootstock. In both studies, amides (glutamine plus asparagine) were the amino acids most highly correlated with host selection. These compounds are the predominant amino acids in xylem fluid, have high nitrogen to carbon ratios, and account for a high percentage of the caloric value in xylem fluid. Many of the less abundant amino acids were positively correlated with host preference, but the correlations were less consistent and correlation coefficients were generally lower.Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 9672 相似文献
73.
Patricia A. Fraser Barbara Moore Rosanne Stein Sharon Alosco Armead H. Johnson Deborah Marcus-Bagley Zuhier Awdeh Edmond J. Yunis Chester A. Alper 《Immunogenetics》1990,31(2):89-93
We analyzed the frequency distribution of 106 complotypes [four allele sets of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes for the complement proteins factor B, C2, C4A, and C4B] from 32 Black families residing in Boston and Washington, DC. Twenty-five different complotypes were identified, among which there were four complotypes that had not been previously observed in our large database of complotypes compiled from family studies of Boston Caucasians and that are, presumably, unique to individuals of African origin. These four African-derived complotypes areFC(1,90)0, FC63, S1C2,17, andSC(3,2,90)0. The frequencies of two of these four unique Black complotypes,FC(1,90)0 andFC63, were increased significantly when compared to Caucasians (pcorr <0.00042, pcorr=0.00294, respectively). The complotypeFC(1,90)0 was in positive linkage disequilibrium withHLA-DR3 haplotypes containing theB locus antigens Bw42, Bw52, Bw53, and Bw58, whileFC63 was associated withHLA-Bw70,-DR5. These findings demonstrate the extensive polymorphism of complotypes in Blacks, and also suggest that it may be possible to define unique extended haplotypes of African origin. 相似文献
74.
Wayne W. Grody Deborah Klein Amy E. Dodson Rita M. Kern Paul B. Wissmann Barbara K. Goodman Patrick Bassand Bert Marescau Soo-Sang Kang James V. Leonard Stephen D. Cederbaum 《American journal of human genetics》1992,50(6):1281-1290
We have explored the molecular pathology in 28 individuals homozygous or heterozygous for liver arginase deficiency (hyperargininemia) by a combination of Southern analysis, western blotting, DNA sequencing, and PCR. This cohort represents the majority of arginase-deficient individuals worldwide. Only 2 of 15 homozygous patients on whom red blood cells were available had antigenically cross-reacting material as ascertained by western blot analysis using anti-liver arginase antibody. Southern blots of patient genomic DNAs, cut with a variety of restriction enzymes and probed with a near-full-length (1,450-bp) human liver arginase cDNA clone, detected no gross gene deletions. Loss of a TaqI cleavage site was identified in three individuals: in a homozygous state in a Saudi Arabian patient at one site, at a different site in homozygosity in a German patient, and in heterozygosity in a patient from Australia. The changes in the latter two were localized to exon 8, through amplification of this region by PCR and electrophoretic analysis of the amplified fragment after treatment with TaqI; the precise base changes (Arg291X and Thr290Ser) were confirmed by sequencing. It is interesting that the latter nucleotide variant (Thr290Ser) was found to lie adjacent to the TaqI site rather than within it, though whether such a conservative amino acid substitution represents a true pathologic mutation remains to be determined. We conclude that arginase deficiency, though rare, is a heterogeneous disorder at the genotypic level, generally encompassing a variety of point mutations rather than substantial structural gene deletions. 相似文献
75.
Deborah R. Gordon 《Culture, medicine and psychiatry》1990,14(2):275-297
Individuals and societies embody illnesses in different ways, in part determined by the way a person knows and lives his or her diagnosis and prognosis. Based on research in Northern Italy, on the experiences and meanings of cancer and on the practice of nondisclosure of the diagnosis, we find nondisclosure reflects a world divided - life/death, good/bad, mind/body — with the unwanted converted to other. The strong association of cancer with death, suffering, and hopelessness in much of Italy, coupled with the tremendous power attributed to naming and sentencing makes nondisclosure a major mechanism for keeping the condemned in this social world, and keeping death, decay, and suffering in the other. It is the social reality that is dominant here, such that informing a patient of cancer can be tantamount to social death.
Résumé Les individus et les sociétés incorporent la maladie de façon différente, déterminée en partie de comment une personne connait et vit son diagnostic et prognostic. A partir de la recherche des experiences des significations du cancer et de la pratique de ne pas dire la diagnostic au Nord de l'Italie, on a remarqué que l'habitude de ne rien dire reflète un monde séparé entre la vie et la mort, entre le bon et le mal, entre l'esprit et le corps, de sorte que ce qui West pas voulu soit transfomé en l'autre. L'association forte du cancer à la mort, à la souffrance, au désespérance en toute l'Italie, unie au grand pouvoir donne au fait de dénommer et de donner une sentence, rend ne pas dire un méchanisme important pour garder le condamnd dans ce monde social et pour garder la mort, la décadence et la souffrance dans l'autre. C'est la réalité sociale qui est ici dominante, tel que le fait d'informer un patient de cancer soit comme une mort sociale.相似文献
76.
Ricardo B. R. Azevedo Vernon French Linda Partridge 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1996,50(6):2338-2345
We measured the size of eggs produced by populations of Drosophila melanogaster that had been collected along latitudinal gradients in different continents or that had undergone several years of culture at different temperatures in the laboratory. Australian and South American populations from higher latitudes produced larger eggs when all were compared at a standard temperature. Laboratory populations that had been evolving at 16.5°C produced larger eggs than populations that had evolved at 25°C or 29°C, suggesting that temperature may be an important selective agent in producing the latitudinal clines. Flies from laboratory populations produced larger eggs at an experimental temperature of 16.5°C than at 25°C, and there was no indication of genotype-environment interaction for egg size. Evolution of egg size in response to temperature cannot be accounted for by differences in adult body size between populations. It is not clear which life-history traits are direct targets of thermal selection and which are showing correlated responses, and disentangling these is a task for the future. 相似文献
77.
A new major histocompatibility complex class I b gene expressed in the mouse blastocyst and placenta
Susan L. Sipes Maxine V. Medaglia Deborah L. Stabley Craig S. DeBruyn Mark S. Alden Vicki Catenacci C. P. Landel 《Immunogenetics》1996,45(2):108-120
Because of the role major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I b molecules may play during mouse embryonic development,
we thought it would be interesting to search for additional MHC class I b molecules that might be expressed in preimplantation
embryos, and in particular in the trophoblastic lineage. We therefore screened a mouse preimplantation blastocyst cDNA library
for MHC class I sequences. This search led to the identification and characterization of a new MHC class I b gene, blastocyst MHC. Sequences identical to the exons and 3′ untranslated region of this gene have been found in many laboratory mouse strains,
as well as in the related mouse species Mus spreciligus. The presence of this gene in mouse strains of different MHC class I haplotypes argues that blastocyst MHC is a unique, newly-described gene rather than a new allele of a previously described mouse MHC class I gene. Blastocyst MHC has the structure of an MHC class I b gene, with the six exons characteristic of T-region genes. It is linked to H2-D. The amino acid sequence encoded by this gene maintains all the features of a functional antigen-presentation domain. The
blastocyst MHC gene, like the human class I b gene HLA-G, is expressed at the blastocyst stage and in the placenta, and may be the mouse analog for HLA-G.
Received: 31 May 1996 / Revised: 19 August 1996 相似文献
78.
Cecilie Boysen Christopher Carlson Eran Hood Leroy Hood Deborah A. Nickerson 《Immunogenetics》1996,44(2):121-127
The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a highly variable molecule composed of two polypeptide chains that recognize antigenic peptides
in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In this study, we describe a sequence-based search for
germline polymorphisms in the variable (V) gene segments of the human TCRA/D locus. Thirty different V gene segments were amplified from six to eight unrelated individuals and sequenced from low melting point agarose. Twenty-seven
polymorphisms were identified in 15 V gene segments. These polymorphisms are mainly single nucleotide substitutions, but an insertion/deletion polymorphism and
a single dinucleotide repeat with variable length were also seen. Of the 15 sequence variations found in the coding regions,
six are silent and nine encode amino acid changes. All of the amino acid changes are found at non-conserved residues, frequently
in the hypervariable regions, where they may influence MHC and/or peptide recognition. Therefore, it is possible that germline
variations in TCR genes could influence an individual’s immune response, and may also contribute to susceptibility to diseases such as autoimmunity.
Received: 9 January 1996 / Revised: 22 February 1996 相似文献
79.
80.
Lauffenburger DA Chu L French A Oehrtman G Reddy C Wells A Niyogi S Wiley HS 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》1996,52(1):61-80
Peptide growth factors and other receptor-binding cytokine ligands are of interest in contemporary molecular health care approaches in applications such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, and gene therapy. Development of effective technologies based on operation of these regulatory molecules requires an ability to deliver the ligands to target cells in a reliable and well-characterizable manner. Quantitative information concerning the fate of peptide ligands within tissues is necessary for adequate interpretation of experimental observations at the tissue level and for truly rational engineering design of ligand-based therapies. To address this need, we are undertaking efforts to elucidate effects of key molecular and cellular parameters on temporal and spatial distribution of cytokines in cell population and cell/matrix systems. In this article we summarize some of our recent findings on dynamics of growth factor depletion by cellular endocytic trafficking, growth factor transport through cellular matrices, and growth factor production and release by autocrine cell systems. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献