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831.
Dr. Thandi Puoane Krisela Steyn Debbie Bradshaw Ria Laubscher Jean Fourie Vicki Lambert Nolwazi Mbananga 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2002,10(10):1038-1048
Objectives: To ascertain the anthropometric profile and determinants of obesity in South Africans who participated in the Demographic and Health Survey in 1998. Research Methods and Procedures: A sample of 13,089 men and women (age, ≥15 years) were randomly selected and then stratified by province and urban and nonurban areas. Height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was used as an indicator of obesity, and the waist/hip ratio (WHR) was used as an indicator of abdominal obesity. Multivariate regression identified sociodemographic predictors of BMI and waist circumference in the data. Results: Mean BMI values for men and women were 22.9 kg/m2 and 27.1 kg/m2, respectively. For men, 29.2% were overweight or obese (≥25 kg/m2) and 9.2% had abdominal obesity (WHR ≥1.0), whereas 56.6% of women were overweight or obese and 42% had abdominal obesity (WHR >0.85). Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) was found in 12.2% of men and 5.6% of women. For men, 19% of the variation of BMI and 34% of the variation in waist circumference could be explained by age, level of education, population group, and area of residence. For women, these variables explained 16% of the variation of BMI and 24% of the variation in waist circumference. Obesity increased with age, and higher levels of obesity were found in urban African women. Discussion: Overnutrition is prevalent among adult South Africans, particularly women. Determinants of overnutrition include age, level of education, ethnicity, and area of residence. 相似文献
832.
We have demonstrated that prions accumulate to high levels in non-proliferative C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 cells replicate as myoblasts but can be differentiated into myotubes. Earlier studies indicated that C2C12 myoblasts are not competent for prion replication.1 We confirmed that observation and demonstrated, for the first time, that while replicative myoblasts do not accumulate PrPSc, differentiated post-mitotic myotube cultures replicate prions robustly. Here we extend our observations and describe the implication and utility of this system for replicating prions. 相似文献
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835.
Debbie Lewis 《Gerodontology》2000,17(1):xi-xi
Book reviewed in this article: Oral Health in the Elderly in Spain Baciero, G R, Goiriena de Gandarias, F J, Perez, L M 相似文献
836.
Mackie C. O'Hara W. Scott McGraw Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg 《American journal of physical anthropology》2023,180(3):519-533
Objectives
Developmental defects of tooth enamel are associated with systemic physiological stress and have been linked to seasonal environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature, and fruit availability. Here, we evaluate whether linear enamel hypoplasia and accentuated perikymata occur with any cyclicity on lower canines and then whether cycles differ between Bornean and Sumatran orangutans.Materials and Methods
Epoxy casts of lower canines from Pongo abelii (n = 14) and P. pygmaeus (n = 33) were evaluated for perikymata and dental enamel defects. Individual developmental sequences (IDSs) were generated for each canine, tracking the position of each defect in the context of continuous perikymata (time). Autocorrelation, a form of time-series statistical analysis was run for each canine to identify whether any cyclicity of defect expression was discernable.Results
Autocorrelation revealed cycles of defect expression within canines, but no common cycle periodicities were identified between individuals of the same species or across species. P. pygmaeus averaged more linear enamel hypoplasia per year than P. abelli, but no other comparisons (number of defects, number of perikymata between defects, and autocorrelation analysis) revealed differences between the species.Discussion
Although no common patterns of defect expression were identified within or between P. abelli and P. pygmaeus, the potential for autocorrelation analysis is promising for primatological and paleoanthropological studies of seasonal phenomena.837.
Debbie F. Melville Elizabeth G. Crichton Trish Paterson‐Wimberley Steve D. Johnston 《Zoo biology》2008,27(2):159-164
Semen collection and preservation is the first step toward the development of an artificial insemination program in endangered Pteropus spp. Semen was collected by manual stimulation from a single “human‐habituated” P. alecto. Manual stimulation resulted in the successful collection of motile spermatozoa on 17 of 34 attempts. The semen had a pH of 8.2 (n=2). With the exception of volume, seminal characteristics (concentration, motility, acrosome and plasma membrane status) were similar to those collected previously by electro‐ejaculation. Zoo Biol 27:159–164, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
838.
Depression is the leading cause of mental disability worldwide. Women who are
depressed during pregnancy are at a higher risk for preterm delivery,
preeclampsia, birth difficulties, and postpartum depression. The treatment of
depression in conventional medicine has focused on physiological factors that
lead to impaired neurotransmitter function and treatments to improve
neurotransmitter function. Pharmaceutical substances pose risks for pregnant and
lactating women, and lower risk options are preferred. Micronutrients, including
certain B vitamins, folate, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play a role in the
synthesis and absorption of neurotransmitters. Experimental studies suggest that
supplementation with specific micronutrients may alleviate depressive symptoms
and improve birth outcomes in patients with perinatal depression. Alternative
treatments for depression, including nutritional supplements, are an important
treatment option for depressive symptoms while limiting potential side effects
and treatment costs. This article explores the biological basis of perinatal
depression and reviews the potential benefits of non-pharmacological
interventions. 相似文献
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